profiler: use native Tracy scopes and remove unused manual lifetime tracking

graphics: consume vertex semantics directly from shader metadata
graphics: serialize pipeline cache through its renderer owner
2026-10-27 16:02:37 +00:00 · 2026-09-29 13:57:32 +04:00 · 2026-09-29 13:57:32 +04:00 · 2026-09-29 13:57:32 +04:00 · 2026-09-29 13:57:32 +04:00 · 2026-09-29 13:57:32 +04:00
143 changed files with 10630 additions and 3945 deletions
@@ -113,14 +113,15 @@ jobs:
        shell: cmd
        run: |
          cmake --build _Build/windows --target launcher ^
-            audio_out2_port_tests ime_dialog_tests lru_cache_tests virtual_memory_allocation_tests ^
+            audio_out2_port_tests pad_haptics_tests ime_dialog_tests lru_cache_tests virtual_memory_allocation_tests ^
+            shader_recompiler_compute_tests ^
            resource_tracking_tests scalar_provenance_tests ^
-            resource_materialization_tests shader_vertex_metadata_tests --parallel
+            resource_materialization_tests shader_vertex_metadata_tests archive_file_tests avplayer_file_tests --parallel

      - name: Test
        shell: cmd
        run: |
-          ctest --test-dir _Build/windows --output-on-failure -R "^(audio_out2_port|ime_dialog|lru_cache|resource_tracking|scalar_provenance|resource_materialization|shader_vertex_metadata|virtual_memory_allocation)$"
+          ctest --test-dir _Build/windows --output-on-failure -R "^(audio_out2_port|pad_haptics|ime_dialog|lru_cache|resource_tracking|scalar_provenance|resource_materialization|shader_vertex_metadata|archive_file|avplayer_file|virtual_memory_allocation)$"

      - name: Install
        shell: cmd
@@ -201,16 +202,17 @@ jobs:
        shell: bash
        run: |
          cmake --build _Build/macos \
-            --target launcher audio_out2_port_tests ime_dialog_tests lru_cache_tests virtual_memory_allocation_tests \
+            --target launcher audio_out2_port_tests pad_haptics_tests ime_dialog_tests lru_cache_tests virtual_memory_allocation_tests \
+              memory_tracker_tests page_manager_tests shader_recompiler_compute_tests \
              resource_tracking_tests scalar_provenance_tests \
-              resource_materialization_tests shader_vertex_metadata_tests \
+              resource_materialization_tests shader_vertex_metadata_tests archive_file_tests avplayer_file_tests \
            --parallel

      - name: Test
        shell: bash
        run: |
          ctest --test-dir _Build/macos --output-on-failure \
-            -R '^(audio_out2_port|ime_dialog|lru_cache|resource_tracking|scalar_provenance|resource_materialization|shader_vertex_metadata|virtual_memory_allocation)$'
+            -R '^(audio_out2_port|pad_haptics|ime_dialog|lru_cache|memory_tracker|page_manager|resource_tracking|scalar_provenance|resource_materialization|shader_vertex_metadata|archive_file|avplayer_file|virtual_memory_allocation)$'

      - name: Install
        shell: bash
@@ -384,16 +386,16 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          cmake --build _Build/linux \
            --target launcher page_manager_tests memory_tracker_tests \
-              audio_out2_port_tests ime_dialog_tests lru_cache_tests virtual_memory_allocation_tests \
+              audio_out2_port_tests pad_haptics_tests ime_dialog_tests lru_cache_tests virtual_memory_allocation_tests \
              resource_tracking_tests scalar_provenance_tests \
-              resource_materialization_tests shader_vertex_metadata_tests \
+              resource_materialization_tests shader_vertex_metadata_tests archive_file_tests avplayer_file_tests \
            --parallel

      - name: Test
        shell: bash
        run: |
          ctest --test-dir _Build/linux --output-on-failure \
-            -R '^(audio_out2_port|ime_dialog|lru_cache|memory_tracker|page_manager|resource_tracking|scalar_provenance|resource_materialization|shader_vertex_metadata|virtual_memory_allocation)$'
+            -R '^(audio_out2_port|pad_haptics|ime_dialog|lru_cache|memory_tracker|page_manager|resource_tracking|scalar_provenance|resource_materialization|shader_vertex_metadata|archive_file|avplayer_file|virtual_memory_allocation)$'

      - name: Install
        shell: bash
@@ -28,7 +28,54 @@ FetchContent_Declare(

 FetchContent_MakeAvailable(xbyak zydis)

+# ZArchive provides random-access reads for compressed game dumps. Build only
+# the reader/writer library and its zstd dependency; the command-line tool is
+# not part of KytyPS5's runtime distribution.
+set(ZSTD_BUILD_PROGRAMS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
+set(ZSTD_BUILD_SHARED OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
+set(ZSTD_BUILD_STATIC ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
+set(ZSTD_BUILD_TESTS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
+set(ZSTD_LEGACY_SUPPORT OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
+set(ZSTD_MULTITHREAD_SUPPORT OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
+FetchContent_Declare(
+	zstd
+	GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/facebook/zstd.git
+	GIT_TAG f8745da6ff1ad1e7bab384bd1f9d742439278e99
+	GIT_SHALLOW FALSE
+	SOURCE_SUBDIR build/cmake
+)
+FetchContent_Declare(
+	zarchive_source
+	GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/Exzap/ZArchive.git
+	GIT_TAG d2c717730092c7bf8cbb033b12fd4001b7c4d932
+	GIT_SHALLOW FALSE
+	PATCH_COMMAND "${GIT_EXECUTABLE}" apply --ignore-whitespace
+		"${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/patches/zarchive-reader.patch"
+	SOURCE_SUBDIR kyty-library-only
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(zstd zarchive_source)
+
+add_library(zarchive STATIC
+	"${zarchive_source_SOURCE_DIR}/src/zarchivereader.cpp"
+	"${zarchive_source_SOURCE_DIR}/src/zarchivewriter.cpp"
+	"${zarchive_source_SOURCE_DIR}/src/sha_256.c"
+)
+add_library(ZArchive::zarchive ALIAS zarchive)
+target_include_directories(zarchive SYSTEM PUBLIC "${zarchive_source_SOURCE_DIR}/include")
+target_include_directories(zarchive PRIVATE "${zstd_SOURCE_DIR}/lib")
+target_link_libraries(zarchive PRIVATE libzstd_static)
+target_compile_features(zarchive PRIVATE cxx_std_20)
+if(MSVC)
+	target_compile_options(zarchive PRIVATE /W0)
+else()
+	target_compile_options(zarchive PRIVATE -w)
+endif()
+
 set(SDL_SHARED OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
+if(APPLE)
+	# SDL's built-in iconv fallback does not support CP932.
+	set(SDL_SYSTEM_ICONV ON CACHE BOOL "Use system iconv for CP932 conversion" FORCE)
+endif()
 add_subdirectory(SDL3)

 add_library(Vulkan-Headers INTERFACE)
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+--- a/include/zarchive/zarchivecommon.h
+++ b/include/zarchive/zarchivecommon.h
+@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
+ 
+ 			bool IsWithinValidRange(uint64_t fileSize) const
+ 			{
+-				return (offset + size) <= fileSize;
+				return offset <= fileSize && size <= fileSize - offset;
+ 			}
+ 		};
+ 
+--- a/src/zarchivereader.cpp
+++ b/src/zarchivereader.cpp
+@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
+ 
+ static bool _ifstream_readBytes(std::ifstream& file, uint64_t offset, void* buffer, uint32_t size)
+ {
+	file.clear();
+ 	file.seekg(offset, std::ios_base::beg);
+ 	file.read((char*)buffer, size);
+ 	return file.gcount() == size;
+@@ -80,9 +81,27 @@
+ 	// verify file tree
+ 	if (fileTree[0].IsFile())
+ 		return nullptr; // first entry must be root directory
+-	auto rootName = GetName(nameTable, fileTree[0].GetNameOffset());
+-	if (!rootName.empty())
+	if (fileTree[0].GetNameOffset() != 0x7FFFFFFF)
+ 		return nullptr; // root node must not have a name
+	const uint64_t dataCapacity = (uint64_t)offsetRecords.size() * _ZARCHIVE::ENTRIES_PER_OFFSETRECORD * _ZARCHIVE::COMPRESSED_BLOCK_SIZE;
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < fileTree.size(); ++i)
+	{
+		auto& entry = fileTree[i];
+		if (i != 0)
+		{
+			auto name = GetName(nameTable, entry.GetNameOffset());
+			if (name.empty() || name == "." || name == ".." || name.find_first_of("/\\") != std::string_view::npos || name.find('\0') != std::string_view::npos)
+				return nullptr;
+		}
+		if (entry.IsFile())
+		{
+			if (entry.GetFileOffset() > dataCapacity || entry.GetFileSize() > dataCapacity - entry.GetFileOffset())
+				return nullptr;
+		}
+		else if (entry.directoryRecord.nodeStartIndex > fileTree.size() ||
+			entry.directoryRecord.count > fileTree.size() - entry.directoryRecord.nodeStartIndex)
+			return nullptr;
+	}
+ 	// read meta data
+ 	// todo
+ 
+@@ -238,7 +257,7 @@
+ 		uint32_t stepSize = std::min<uint32_t>(remainingBytes, _ZARCHIVE::COMPRESSED_BLOCK_SIZE - blockOffset);
+ 		CacheBlock* block = GetCachedBlock(blockIdx);
+ 		if (!block)
+-			return 0;
+			return bytesToRead - remainingBytes;
+ 		std::memcpy(bufferU8, block->data + blockOffset, stepSize);
+ 		rawReadOffset += stepSize;
+ 		remainingBytes -= stepSize;
+@@ -325,14 +344,18 @@
+ 	// determine offset and size of compressed block
+ 	auto& record = m_offsetRecords[recordIndex];
+ 	uint64_t offset = record.baseOffset;
+	if (offset > m_compressedDataSize)
+		return false;
+ 	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < recordSubIndex; i++)
+ 	{
+-		offset += (uint64_t)record.size[i];
+-		offset++;
+		const uint64_t size = (uint64_t)record.size[i] + 1;
+		if (size > m_compressedDataSize - offset)
+			return false;
+		offset += size;
+ 	}
+ 	uint32_t compressedSize = (uint32_t)record.size[recordSubIndex] + 1;
+ 	// load file data
+-	if ((offset + compressedSize) > m_compressedDataSize)
+	if (compressedSize > m_compressedDataSize - offset)
+ 		return false;
+ 	offset += m_compressedDataOffset;
+ 	if (compressedSize == _ZARCHIVE::COMPRESSED_BLOCK_SIZE)
+@@ -350,7 +373,7 @@
+ // returns empty view on failure
+ std::string_view ZArchiveReader::GetName(const std::vector<uint8_t>& nameTable, uint32_t nameOffset)
+ {
+-	if (nameOffset == 0x7FFFFFFF || nameOffset > nameTable.size())
+	if (nameOffset == 0x7FFFFFFF || nameOffset >= nameTable.size())
+ 		return "";
+ 	// parse header
+ 	uint16_t nameLength = nameTable[nameOffset] & 0x7F;
+@@ -359,7 +382,7 @@
+ 		// extended 2-byte length
+ 		if (nameOffset + 1 >= nameTable.size())
+ 			return "";
+-		nameLength |= ((uint16_t)nameTable[nameOffset] << 7);
+		nameLength |= ((uint16_t)nameTable[nameOffset + 1] << 7);
+ 		nameOffset += 2;
+ 	}
+ 	else
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16...4.3)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18...4.3)

 if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 4.0)
 	set(CMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM 3.5 CACHE STRING "Minimum policy version for bundled dependencies")
@@ -301,6 +301,7 @@ set(gpu_blit_generated_dir "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/gpu_blit_shaders")
 set(gpu_blit_shader_sources
 	"${gpu_tiler_shader_dir}/gpu_blit_fs_triangle.vert"
 	"${gpu_tiler_shader_dir}/gpu_blit_color_to_ms_depth.frag"
+	"${gpu_tiler_shader_dir}/gpu_video_out_overlay.frag"
 )
 foreach(shader_source IN LISTS gpu_blit_shader_sources)
 	get_filename_component(shader_name "${shader_source}" NAME_WE)
@@ -406,6 +407,16 @@ add_executable(page_manager_tests EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
 target_link_libraries(page_manager_tests common)
 target_include_directories(page_manager_tests PRIVATE ${inc_headers})

+add_executable(archive_file_tests EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
+	"${KYTY_TESTS_DIR}/ArchiveFileTests.cpp"
+)
+target_link_libraries(archive_file_tests common ZArchive::zarchive)
+target_include_directories(archive_file_tests PRIVATE ${inc_headers})
+
+add_executable(avplayer_file_tests EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL "${KYTY_TESTS_DIR}/AvPlayerFileTests.cpp")
+target_link_libraries(avplayer_file_tests common FFmpeg::ffmpeg ZArchive::zarchive)
+target_include_directories(avplayer_file_tests PRIVATE ${inc_headers})
+
 add_executable(bit_array_tests EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
 	"${KYTY_TESTS_DIR}/BitArrayTests.cpp"
 )
@@ -477,12 +488,32 @@ add_executable(ngs2_sampler_tests EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
 target_link_libraries(ngs2_sampler_tests common fmt::fmt LibAtrac9)
 target_include_directories(ngs2_sampler_tests PRIVATE ${inc_headers})

+add_executable(pad_haptics_tests EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
+	"${KYTY_TESTS_DIR}/PadHapticsTests.cpp"
+)
+target_link_libraries(pad_haptics_tests common fmt::fmt SDL3::SDL3-static)
+target_include_directories(pad_haptics_tests PRIVATE ${inc_headers})
+
 add_executable(save_data_memory_tests EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
 	"${KYTY_TESTS_DIR}/SaveDataMemoryTests.cpp"
 )
 target_link_libraries(save_data_memory_tests common fmt::fmt)
 target_include_directories(save_data_memory_tests PRIVATE ${inc_headers})

+add_executable(ces_tests EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL "${KYTY_TESTS_DIR}/CesTests.cpp")
+target_link_libraries(ces_tests common fmt::fmt SDL3::SDL3-static)
+target_include_directories(ces_tests PRIVATE ${inc_headers})
+
+add_executable(save_data_dialog_tests EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
+	"${KYTY_TESTS_DIR}/SaveDataDialogTests.cpp"
+	"${KYTY_SOURCE_DIR}/libs/dialog.cpp"
+)
+target_link_libraries(save_data_dialog_tests common fmt::fmt)
+target_include_directories(save_data_dialog_tests PRIVATE ${inc_headers})
+
+add_kyty_full_emulator_test(http_uri_parse_tests
+	"${KYTY_TESTS_DIR}/HttpUriParseTests.cpp")
+
 add_executable(event_queue_lifetime_tests EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
 	"${KYTY_TESTS_DIR}/EventQueueLifetimeTests.cpp"
 	"${KYTY_SOURCE_DIR}/kernel/eventQueue.cpp"
@@ -493,6 +524,7 @@ target_include_directories(event_queue_lifetime_tests PRIVATE ${inc_headers})

 add_kyty_full_emulator_test(kernel_file_system_tests
 	"${KYTY_TESTS_DIR}/KernelFileSystemTests.cpp")
+target_link_libraries(kernel_file_system_tests ZArchive::zarchive)

 add_executable(sync_on_address_tests EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
 	"${KYTY_TESTS_DIR}/SyncOnAddressTests.cpp"
@@ -559,6 +591,8 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
 	add_test(NAME image_page_table COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:image_page_table_tests>)
 	add_test(NAME memory_tracker COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:memory_tracker_tests>)
 	add_test(NAME page_manager COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:page_manager_tests>)
+	add_test(NAME archive_file COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:archive_file_tests>)
+	add_test(NAME avplayer_file COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:avplayer_file_tests>)
 	add_test(NAME bit_array COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:bit_array_tests>)
 	add_test(NAME lru_cache COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:lru_cache_tests>)
 	add_test(NAME shader_vertex_metadata COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:shader_vertex_metadata_tests>)
@@ -569,7 +603,11 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
 	add_test(NAME sync_on_address COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:sync_on_address_tests>)
 	add_test(NAME audio_out2_port COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:audio_out2_port_tests>)
 	add_test(NAME ngs2_sampler COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:ngs2_sampler_tests>)
+	add_test(NAME pad_haptics COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:pad_haptics_tests>)
 	add_test(NAME save_data_memory COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:save_data_memory_tests>)
+	add_test(NAME ces COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:ces_tests>)
+	add_test(NAME save_data_dialog COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:save_data_dialog_tests>)
+	add_test(NAME http_uri_parse COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:http_uri_parse_tests>)
 	add_test(NAME shader_recompiler_compute COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:shader_recompiler_compute_tests>)
 	add_test(NAME shader_recompiler_alignbyte
 		COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:shader_recompiler_compute_tests> --alignbyte-only)
@@ -606,6 +644,8 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
 		COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:shader_recompiler_compute_tests> --compute-meta-clear-only)
 	add_test(NAME buffer_cache_dirty_gc
 		COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:shader_recompiler_compute_tests> --buffer-cache-gc-only)
+	add_test(NAME color_render_target_1d
+		COMMAND $<TARGET_FILE:shader_recompiler_compute_tests> --rt1d-only)

 	if(WIN32)
 		# These tests still depend on the Windows multisample-depth path.
@@ -624,6 +664,8 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
 		image_page_table_tests
 		memory_tracker_tests
 		page_manager_tests
+		archive_file_tests
+		avplayer_file_tests
 		bit_array_tests
 		lru_cache_tests
 		shader_vertex_metadata_tests
@@ -636,7 +678,11 @@ if(BUILD_TESTING)
 		virtual_memory_allocation_tests
 		audio_out2_port_tests
 		ngs2_sampler_tests
+		pad_haptics_tests
 		save_data_memory_tests
+		ces_tests
+		save_data_dialog_tests
+		http_uri_parse_tests
 	)
 endif()

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 [![Status](https://img.shields.io/badge/status-active%20development-orange.svg)](#current-status)
 [![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-GPL--2.0-blue.svg)](LICENSE)

+**[Weekly updates](https://github.com/KytyPS5/KytyPS5/discussions/862)** — game progress, recent fixes and ongoing development.
+
+**[Development on Discord](https://discord.gg/UNrkMqGaBg)** — KytyPS5 development.
+
 KytyPS5 is a free and open-source PlayStation 5 emulator written in C++ for Windows and Linux,
 with experimental macOS support. It is based on a heavily modified version of
 [Kyty](https://github.com/InoriRus/Kyty). The project is in active development, and behavior
@@ -68,8 +72,8 @@ or graphical glitches, so please include the version you tested when reporting a
      <img src="docs/screenshots/ps5-02.png" width="300" alt="Demon's Souls running in KytyPS5">
    </td>
    <td align="center">
-      <strong>Hellboy</strong><br>
-      <img src="docs/screenshots/ps5-06.png" width="300" alt="Hellboy running in KytyPS5">
+      <strong>UFC 5</strong><br>
+      <img src="docs/screenshots/ps5-06.png" width="300" alt="UFC 5 running in KytyPS5">
    </td>
  </tr>
 </table>
@@ -232,9 +236,10 @@ cmake --build _Build/linux --target launcher --parallel
 cmake --install _Build/linux --prefix _Build/linux/install
 ```

-The configure step downloads the FFmpeg prebuilts and the `xbyak`/`zydis` sources, so it needs
-network access; a fully sandboxed `nix build` would require vendoring those inputs. A Vulkan 1.3
-driver must be available at runtime (on NixOS, `hardware.graphics.enable = true`).
+The configure step downloads the FFmpeg prebuilts and the `xbyak`, `zydis`, `zstd`, and ZArchive
+sources, so it needs network access; a fully sandboxed `nix build` would require vendoring those
+inputs. A Vulkan 1.3 driver must be available at runtime (on NixOS,
+`hardware.graphics.enable = true`).

 ### Building on macOS

@@ -328,17 +333,21 @@ open _Build/macos/install/KytyPS5.app  # or double-click in Finder
 ```

 On first launch, add one or more game folders in the global settings. The launcher searches those
-folders recursively for game directories containing `eboot.bin`. Select a detected game and run it
-from the game list.
+folders recursively for game directories containing `eboot.bin` and ZArchive (`.zar`) game dumps
+whose archive root contains `eboot.bin`. Select a detected game and run it from the game list.
+ZArchive dumps are mounted read-only and streamed directly; they do not need to be extracted first.

-The emulator can also be started directly with a legally obtained game directory or ELF file:
+The emulator can also be started directly with a legally obtained game directory, ELF file, or
+ZArchive dump:

 ```powershell
 .\_Build\windows\install\kyty_emulator.exe --game "D:\Games\ExampleGame"
+.\_Build\windows\install\kyty_emulator.exe --game "D:\Games\ExampleGame.zar"
 ```

 ```bash
 ./_Build/linux/install/kyty_emulator --game "/games/ExampleGame"
+./_Build/linux/install/kyty_emulator --game "/games/ExampleGame.zar"
 ```

 On macOS, the adjacent flat or app-bundled `libMoltenVK.dylib` is found automatically; no
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ target_link_libraries(common
 		cpuinfo
 		kyty_git_version
 		spdlog::spdlog
+		ZArchive::zarchive
 )

 get_property(inc_headers TARGET common PROPERTY INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES)
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+#include "common/archive.h"
+
+#include "common/stringUtils.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <thread>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <zarchive/zarchivereader.h>
+
+// POSIX hosts and MinGW's pthread-backed libstdc++ have cancellable condition waits.
+// MSVC/ClangCL and MinGW's native Win32 threading backend do not use pthread waits.
+#if !defined(_WIN32) || defined(_GLIBCXX_GCC_GTHR_POSIX_H)
+#include <pthread.h>
+#define KYTY_ARCHIVE_PTHREAD_CANCELLATION
+#endif
+
+namespace Common {
+
+// Backends expose immutable metadata and offset-based reads. Cursor management, path routing,
+// reader lifetime and the host-stack worker are shared by every archive format.
+class ArchiveReader {
+public:
+	struct Entry {
+		uint64_t id;
+		uint64_t size;
+		bool     is_file;
+	};
+
+	virtual ~ArchiveReader()                                                       = default;
+	virtual std::optional<Entry>        Find(std::string_view member)              = 0;
+	virtual std::vector<File::DirEntry> List(std::string_view member)              = 0;
+	virtual uint64_t Read(uint64_t id, uint64_t offset, uint32_t size, void* data) = 0;
+};
+
+namespace {
+
+class ZArchiveReaderBackend final: public ArchiveReader {
+public:
+	explicit ZArchiveReaderBackend(std::unique_ptr<ZArchiveReader> reader)
+	    : m_reader(std::move(reader)) {}
+
+	std::optional<Entry> Find(std::string_view member) override {
+		const auto node = m_reader->LookUp(member);
+		if (node == ZARCHIVE_INVALID_NODE) {
+			return {};
+		}
+		return Entry {node, m_reader->GetFileSize(node), m_reader->IsFile(node)};
+	}
+
+	std::vector<File::DirEntry> List(std::string_view member) override {
+		const auto node = m_reader->LookUp(member);
+		if (!m_reader->IsDirectory(node)) {
+			return {};
+		}
+		const auto count = m_reader->GetDirEntryCount(node);
+		if (count > (1u << 20u)) {
+			return {};
+		}
+		std::vector<File::DirEntry> result;
+		result.reserve(count);
+		for (uint32_t index = 0; index < count; ++index) {
+			ZArchiveReader::DirEntry entry {};
+			if (m_reader->GetDirEntry(node, index, entry)) {
+				result.push_back({std::string(entry.name), entry.isFile});
+			}
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	uint64_t Read(uint64_t id, uint64_t offset, uint32_t size, void* data) override {
+		// ZArchiveReader already serializes access to its stream and decompression cache.
+		return m_reader->ReadFromFile(static_cast<ZArchiveNodeHandle>(id), offset, size, data);
+	}
+
+private:
+	std::unique_ptr<ZArchiveReader> m_reader;
+};
+
+std::shared_ptr<ArchiveReader> OpenZArchive(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+	auto reader = std::unique_ptr<ZArchiveReader>(ZArchiveReader::OpenFromFile(path));
+	return reader ? std::make_shared<ZArchiveReaderBackend>(std::move(reader)) : nullptr;
+}
+
+struct ArchiveFormat {
+	std::string_view extension;
+	std::shared_ptr<ArchiveReader> (*open)(const std::filesystem::path&);
+};
+
+constexpr ArchiveFormat Formats[] = {{".zar", OpenZArchive}};
+using NativeView                  = std::basic_string_view<std::filesystem::path::value_type>;
+
+const ArchiveFormat* FindFormat(NativeView path) {
+	for (const auto& format: Formats) {
+		if (path.size() < format.extension.size()) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		const auto extension = path.substr(path.size() - format.extension.size());
+		if (std::equal(
+		        extension.begin(), extension.end(), format.extension.begin(),
+		        [](auto a, char b) { return (a >= 'A' && a <= 'Z' ? a + ('a' - 'A') : a) == b; })) {
+			return &format;
+		}
+	}
+	return nullptr;
+}
+
+size_t FindMarker(NativeView path) {
+	// Native files use this check on every operation. The usual path has no marker and allocates
+	// nothing.
+	for (auto marker = path.find('!'); marker != NativeView::npos;
+	     marker      = path.find('!', marker + 1)) {
+		if ((marker + 1 == path.size() || path[marker + 1] == '/' || path[marker + 1] == '\\') &&
+		    FindFormat(path.substr(0, marker)) != nullptr) {
+			return marker;
+		}
+	}
+	return NativeView::npos;
+}
+
+struct ParsedPath {
+	std::filesystem::path archive;
+	std::string           member;
+};
+
+std::optional<ParsedPath> ParsePath(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+	const auto& native = path.native();
+	const auto  marker = FindMarker(native);
+	if (marker == NativeView::npos) {
+		return {};
+	}
+	ParsedPath parsed {.archive = std::filesystem::path(native.substr(0, marker))};
+	auto       member = PathToGenericString(std::filesystem::path(native.substr(marker + 1)));
+	std::replace(member.begin(), member.end(), '\\', '/');
+	std::string_view remaining = member;
+	while (!remaining.empty()) {
+		const auto separator = remaining.find('/');
+		const auto component = remaining.substr(0, separator);
+		remaining.remove_prefix(separator == std::string_view::npos ? remaining.size() : separator + 1);
+		if (component.empty() || component == ".") {
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (component == "..") {
+			if (parsed.member.empty()) {
+				return {};
+			}
+			const auto separator = parsed.member.rfind('/');
+			parsed.member.resize(separator == std::string::npos ? 0 : separator);
+		} else {
+			if (!parsed.member.empty()) {
+				parsed.member += '/';
+			}
+			parsed.member += component;
+		}
+	}
+	return parsed;
+}
+
+std::mutex                                                              g_readers_mutex;
+std::unordered_map<std::filesystem::path, std::weak_ptr<ArchiveReader>> g_readers;
+
+// Guest stacks can be only 64 KiB. Decompress on an ordinary host stack, then copy into guest
+// memory on the caller so GPU-tracked writes use its fault handler. A single worker bounds host
+// threads and avoids duplicating the archive's own block cache. Requests live on waiting callers.
+class ArchiveIoThread {
+public:
+	static ArchiveIoThread& Instance() {
+		// Guest exit can run static destructors while other guest threads are still reading.
+		// Keep the worker alive until process termination, as with the guest threads themselves.
+		static auto* instance = new ArchiveIoThread;
+		return *instance;
+	}
+
+	uint64_t Read(ArchiveReader& reader, uint64_t id, uint64_t offset, uint32_t size, void* data) {
+		Request          request {reader, id, offset, size, data};
+		std::unique_lock lock(m_mutex);
+		if (m_last != nullptr) {
+			m_last->next = &request;
+		} else {
+			m_first = &request;
+		}
+		m_last = &request;
+		m_wake.notify_one();
+		request.ready.wait(lock, [&] { return request.done; });
+		return request.result;
+	}
+
+	KYTY_CLASS_NO_COPY(ArchiveIoThread);
+
+private:
+	struct Request {
+		ArchiveReader&          reader;
+		uint64_t                id;
+		uint64_t                offset;
+		uint32_t                size;
+		void*                   data;
+		Request*                next   = nullptr;
+		uint64_t                result = 0;
+		bool                    done   = false;
+		std::condition_variable ready {};
+	};
+
+	ArchiveIoThread() {
+		std::thread([this] { Loop(); }).detach();
+	}
+
+	void Loop() {
+		for (;;) {
+			Request* request;
+			{
+				std::unique_lock lock(m_mutex);
+				m_wake.wait(lock, [this] { return m_first != nullptr; });
+				request = m_first;
+				m_first = request->next;
+				if (m_first == nullptr) {
+					m_last = nullptr;
+				}
+			}
+			const auto result =
+			    request->reader.Read(request->id, request->offset, request->size, request->data);
+			{
+				std::lock_guard lock(m_mutex);
+				request->result = result;
+				request->done   = true;
+				// Notify before releasing the mutex: the waiting caller owns the condition
+				// variable.
+				request->ready.notify_one();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	std::mutex              m_mutex;
+	std::condition_variable m_wake;
+	Request*                m_first = nullptr;
+	Request*                m_last  = nullptr;
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+struct ArchiveFile::Private {
+	std::shared_ptr<ArchiveReader> reader;
+	ArchiveReader::Entry           entry;
+	uint64_t                       position = 0;
+};
+
+ArchiveFile::ArchiveFile(std::unique_ptr<Private> p): m_p(std::move(p)) {}
+ArchiveFile::~ArchiveFile() = default;
+
+uint64_t ArchiveFile::Size() const {
+	return m_p->entry.size;
+}
+uint64_t ArchiveFile::Tell() const {
+	return m_p->position;
+}
+bool ArchiveFile::Seek(uint64_t offset) {
+	m_p->position = offset;
+	return true;
+}
+
+void ArchiveFile::Read(void* data, uint32_t size, uint32_t* bytes_read) {
+#if defined(KYTY_ARCHIVE_PTHREAD_CANCELLATION)
+	// A pending cancellation must not destroy the waiting request or its TLS buffer while the
+	// worker still uses them. Restore the caller's state only after the copy is complete.
+	int cancellation_state = PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE;
+	pthread_setcancelstate(PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE, &cancellation_state);
+#endif
+	constexpr uint32_t                chunk_size = 1u << 20u;
+	thread_local std::vector<uint8_t> chunk;
+	uint32_t                          read = 0;
+	if (data != nullptr && size != 0 && m_p->position < Size()) {
+		const auto requested =
+		    static_cast<uint32_t>(std::min<uint64_t>(size, Size() - m_p->position));
+		if (chunk.size() < std::min(chunk_size, requested)) {
+			chunk.resize(std::min(chunk_size, requested));
+		}
+		while (read < requested) {
+			const auto step = std::min(chunk_size, requested - read);
+			const auto got  = ArchiveIoThread::Instance().Read(*m_p->reader, m_p->entry.id,
+			                                                   m_p->position, step, chunk.data());
+			if (got == 0 || got > step) {
+				break;
+			}
+			std::memcpy(static_cast<uint8_t*>(data) + read, chunk.data(), got);
+			read += static_cast<uint32_t>(got);
+			m_p->position += got;
+			if (got < step) {
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if (bytes_read != nullptr) {
+		*bytes_read = read;
+	}
+#if defined(KYTY_ARCHIVE_PTHREAD_CANCELLATION)
+	pthread_setcancelstate(cancellation_state, nullptr);
+#endif
+}
+
+std::filesystem::path MakeArchivePath(const std::filesystem::path& archive,
+                                      const std::filesystem::path& member) {
+	auto root = archive;
+	root += "!";
+	return member.empty() ? root : root / member.relative_path();
+}
+
+bool IsSupportedArchive(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+	return FindFormat(path.native()) != nullptr;
+}
+
+bool IsArchivePath(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+	return FindMarker(path.native()) != NativeView::npos;
+}
+
+std::filesystem::path GetArchiveHostPath(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+	const auto marker = FindMarker(path.native());
+	return marker == NativeView::npos ? std::filesystem::path {}
+	                                  : std::filesystem::path(path.native().substr(0, marker));
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<ArchiveReader> OpenArchive(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+	const auto  archive = IsArchivePath(path) ? GetArchiveHostPath(path) : path;
+	const auto* format  = FindFormat(archive.native());
+	if (format == nullptr) {
+		return {};
+	}
+	std::error_code error;
+	auto            key = std::filesystem::absolute(archive, error);
+	if (error) {
+		return {};
+	}
+	{
+		std::lock_guard lock(g_readers_mutex);
+		if (auto it = g_readers.find(key); it != g_readers.end()) {
+			if (auto reader = it->second.lock()) {
+				return reader;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Do not hold the cache mutex while opening an unrelated archive from disk.
+	auto reader = format->open(archive);
+	if (reader == nullptr) {
+		return {};
+	}
+	std::lock_guard lock(g_readers_mutex);
+	std::erase_if(g_readers, [](const auto& entry) { return entry.second.expired(); });
+	auto& cached = g_readers[key];
+	if (auto existing = cached.lock()) {
+		return existing;
+	}
+	cached = reader;
+	return reader;
+}
+
+std::optional<File::Info> GetArchiveInfo(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+	const auto parsed = ParsePath(path);
+	if (parsed) {
+		if (auto reader = OpenArchive(parsed->archive)) {
+			if (auto entry = reader->Find(parsed->member)) {
+				return File::Info {entry->is_file, entry->size};
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return {};
+}
+
+std::vector<File::DirEntry> GetArchiveDirEntries(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+	const auto parsed = ParsePath(path);
+	if (parsed) {
+		if (auto reader = OpenArchive(parsed->archive)) {
+			return reader->List(parsed->member);
+		}
+	}
+	return {};
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<ArchiveFile> OpenArchiveFile(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+	auto parsed = ParsePath(path);
+	if (!parsed) {
+		return {};
+	}
+	auto       reader = OpenArchive(parsed->archive);
+	const auto entry  = reader ? reader->Find(parsed->member) : std::nullopt;
+	if (!entry || !entry->is_file) {
+		return {};
+	}
+	auto p     = std::make_unique<ArchiveFile::Private>();
+	p->reader  = std::move(reader);
+	p->entry   = *entry;
+	return std::unique_ptr<ArchiveFile>(new ArchiveFile(std::move(p)));
+}
+
+} // namespace Common
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#ifndef KYTY_COMMON_ARCHIVE_H_
+#define KYTY_COMMON_ARCHIVE_H_
+
+#include "common/file.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace Common {
+
+class ArchiveReader;
+
+class ArchiveFile {
+public:
+	~ArchiveFile();
+
+	[[nodiscard]] uint64_t Size() const;
+	[[nodiscard]] uint64_t Tell() const;
+	bool                   Seek(uint64_t offset);
+	void                   Read(void* data, uint32_t size, uint32_t* bytes_read);
+
+	KYTY_CLASS_NO_COPY(ArchiveFile);
+
+private:
+	struct Private;
+	explicit ArchiveFile(std::unique_ptr<Private> p);
+	std::unique_ptr<Private> m_p;
+
+	friend std::unique_ptr<ArchiveFile> OpenArchiveFile(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+};
+
+// Virtual paths use "archive.ext!/member" and retain native host-path encoding.
+[[nodiscard]] std::filesystem::path       MakeArchivePath(const std::filesystem::path& archive,
+                                                          const std::filesystem::path& member = {});
+[[nodiscard]] bool                        IsSupportedArchive(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+[[nodiscard]] bool                        IsArchivePath(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+[[nodiscard]] std::optional<File::Info>   GetArchiveInfo(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+[[nodiscard]] std::vector<File::DirEntry> GetArchiveDirEntries(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+[[nodiscard]] std::filesystem::path       GetArchiveHostPath(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+[[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<ArchiveFile> OpenArchiveFile(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+
+// Retain this handle while a mount or metadata scan is active to reuse the index and block cache.
+// Accepts either a host archive filename or a virtual path inside the archive.
+[[nodiscard]] std::shared_ptr<ArchiveReader> OpenArchive(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+
+} // namespace Common
+
+#endif /* KYTY_COMMON_ARCHIVE_H_ */
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "common/file.h"

+#include "common/archive.h"
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/common.h"
 #include "common/platform/sysFileIO.h"
@@ -61,7 +62,8 @@ SysFileTimeStruct DateTimeToFileTimeUtc(const DateTime& date_time) {
 } // namespace

 struct File::FilePrivate {
-	sys_file_t* f;
+	sys_file_t*                  f;
+	std::unique_ptr<ArchiveFile> archive;
 };

 File::File(): m_p(std::make_unique<FilePrivate>()) {
@@ -85,11 +87,15 @@ File::File(const std::filesystem::path& name, Mode mode): m_p(std::make_unique<F
 }

 bool File::IsInvalid() const {
-	return m_p->f == nullptr;
+	return m_p->f == nullptr && m_p->archive == nullptr;
 }

 bool File::Create(const std::filesystem::path& name) {
-	EXIT_IF(m_p->f != nullptr);
+	EXIT_IF(!IsInvalid());
+
+	if (IsArchivePath(name)) {
+		return false;
+	}

 	m_file_name = name;

@@ -104,9 +110,16 @@ bool File::Create(const std::filesystem::path& name) {
 }

 bool File::Open(const std::filesystem::path& name, Mode mode) {
-	EXIT_IF(m_p->f != nullptr);
+	EXIT_IF(!IsInvalid());

 	m_file_name = name;
+	if (IsArchivePath(name)) {
+		if (mode != Mode::Read) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		m_p->archive = OpenArchiveFile(name);
+		return m_p->archive != nullptr;
+	}

 	switch (mode) {
 		case Mode::Read: m_p->f = SysFileOpenR(name); break;
@@ -124,7 +137,7 @@ bool File::Open(const std::filesystem::path& name, Mode mode) {
 }

 bool File::OpenInMem(void* buf, uint32_t buf_size) {
-	EXIT_IF(m_p->f != nullptr);
+	EXIT_IF(!IsInvalid());

 	m_p->f = SysFileOpen(static_cast<uint8_t*>(buf), buf_size);

@@ -137,7 +150,7 @@ bool File::OpenInMem(void* buf, uint32_t buf_size) {
 }

 bool File::CreateInMem() {
-	EXIT_IF(m_p->f != nullptr);
+	EXIT_IF(!IsInvalid());

 	m_p->f = SysFileCreate();

@@ -150,6 +163,7 @@ bool File::CreateInMem() {
 }

 void File::Close() {
+	m_p->archive.reset();
 	if (m_p->f != nullptr) {
 		SysFileClose(m_p->f);
 		m_p->f = nullptr;
@@ -157,7 +171,11 @@ void File::Close() {
 }

 uint64_t File::Size() const {
-	EXIT_IF(m_p->f == nullptr);
+	EXIT_IF(IsInvalid());
+
+	if (m_p->archive != nullptr) {
+		return m_p->archive->Size();
+	}

 	if (m_p->f == nullptr) {
 		return 0;
@@ -167,41 +185,76 @@ uint64_t File::Size() const {
 }

 uint64_t File::Remaining() const {
-	EXIT_IF(m_p->f == nullptr);
+	EXIT_IF(IsInvalid());

-	return Size() - Tell();
+	const auto size     = Size();
+	const auto position = Tell();
+	return position < size ? size - position : 0;
 }

 uint64_t File::Size(const std::filesystem::path& name) {
+	if (IsArchivePath(name)) {
+		const auto info = GetArchiveInfo(name);
+		return info ? info->size : 0;
+	}
 	return SysFileSize(name);
 }

+std::optional<File::Info> File::GetInfo(const std::filesystem::path& name) {
+	if (IsArchivePath(name)) {
+		return GetArchiveInfo(name);
+	}
+	Info info {};
+	return SysFileGetInfo(name, &info.is_file, &info.size) ? std::optional(info) : std::nullopt;
+}
+
 bool File::Seek(uint64_t offset) {
-	EXIT_IF(m_p->f == nullptr);
+	EXIT_IF(IsInvalid());
+
+	if (m_p->archive != nullptr) {
+		return m_p->archive->Seek(offset);
+	}

 	return SysFileSeek(*m_p->f, offset);
 }

 bool File::Truncate(uint64_t size) {
-	EXIT_IF(m_p->f == nullptr);
+	EXIT_IF(IsInvalid());
+
+	if (m_p->archive != nullptr) {
+		return false;
+	}

 	return SysFileTruncate(*m_p->f, size);
 }

 bool File::Unlink() {
-	EXIT_IF(m_p->f == nullptr);
+	EXIT_IF(IsInvalid());
+
+	if (m_p->archive != nullptr) {
+		return false;
+	}

 	return SysFileUnlink(*m_p->f, m_file_name);
 }

 uint64_t File::Tell() const {
-	EXIT_IF(m_p->f == nullptr);
+	EXIT_IF(IsInvalid());
+
+	if (m_p->archive != nullptr) {
+		return m_p->archive->Tell();
+	}

 	return SysFileTell(*m_p->f);
 }

 void File::Read(void* data, uint32_t size, uint32_t* bytes_read) {
-	EXIT_IF(m_p->f == nullptr);
+	EXIT_IF(IsInvalid());
+
+	if (m_p->archive != nullptr) {
+		m_p->archive->Read(data, size, bytes_read);
+		return;
+	}

 	if (m_p->f != nullptr) {
 		SysFileRead(data, size, *m_p->f, bytes_read);
@@ -209,7 +262,14 @@ void File::Read(void* data, uint32_t size, uint32_t* bytes_read) {
 }

 void File::Write(const void* data, uint32_t size, uint32_t* bytes_written) {
-	EXIT_IF(m_p->f == nullptr);
+	EXIT_IF(IsInvalid());
+
+	if (m_p->archive != nullptr) {
+		if (bytes_written != nullptr) {
+			*bytes_written = 0;
+		}
+		return;
+	}

 	SysFileWrite(data, size, *m_p->f, bytes_written);
 }
@@ -257,24 +317,41 @@ static std::filesystem::path WithoutTrailingSeparator(


 bool File::IsDirectoryExisting(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+	if (IsArchivePath(path)) {
+		const auto info = GetArchiveInfo(path);
+		return info && !info->is_file;
+	}
 	return SysFileIsDirectoryExisting(WithoutTrailingSeparator(path));
 }

 bool File::IsFileExisting(const std::filesystem::path& name) {
+	if (IsArchivePath(name)) {
+		const auto info = GetArchiveInfo(name);
+		return info && info->is_file;
+	}
 	return SysFileIsFileExisting(name);
 }

 bool File::CreateDirectory(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+	if (IsArchivePath(path)) {
+		return false;
+	}
    return SysFileCreateDirectory(
        WithoutTrailingSeparator(path));
 }

 bool File::DeleteDirectory(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+	if (IsArchivePath(path)) {
+		return false;
+	}
    return SysFileDeleteDirectory(
        WithoutTrailingSeparator(path));
 }

 bool File::CreateDirectories(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+	if (IsArchivePath(path)) {
+		return false;
+	}
    const auto normalized_path =
        WithoutTrailingSeparator(path);

@@ -297,6 +374,9 @@ bool File::CreateDirectories(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
 }

 bool File::DeleteDirectories(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+	if (IsArchivePath(path)) {
+		return false;
+	}
    const auto normalized_path =
        WithoutTrailingSeparator(path);

@@ -322,11 +402,18 @@ bool File::DeleteDirectories(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
 bool File::DeleteFile(
    const std::filesystem::path& name) // @suppress("Member declaration not found")
 {
+	if (IsArchivePath(name)) {
+		return false;
+	}
 	return SysFileDeleteFile(name);
 }

 bool File::Flush() {
-	EXIT_IF(m_p->f == nullptr);
+	EXIT_IF(IsInvalid());
+
+	if (m_p->archive != nullptr) {
+		return true;
+	}

 	return SysFileFlush(*m_p->f);
 }
@@ -348,6 +435,9 @@ std::vector<std::byte> File::ReadWholeBuffer() {
 }

 DateTime File::GetLastAccessTimeUTC(const std::filesystem::path& name) {
+	if (IsArchivePath(name)) {
+		return GetLastAccessTimeUTC(GetArchiveHostPath(name));
+	}
 	SysTimeStruct t {};
 	SysFileToSystemTimeUtc(SysFileGetLastAccessTimeUtc(name), t);

@@ -359,6 +449,9 @@ DateTime File::GetLastAccessTimeUTC(const std::filesystem::path& name) {
 }

 DateTime File::GetLastWriteTimeUTC(const std::filesystem::path& name) {
+	if (IsArchivePath(name)) {
+		return GetLastWriteTimeUTC(GetArchiveHostPath(name));
+	}
 	SysTimeStruct t {};
 	SysFileToSystemTimeUtc(SysFileGetLastWriteTimeUtc(name), t);

@@ -373,6 +466,10 @@ void File::GetLastAccessAndWriteTimeUTC(const std::filesystem::path& name, DateT
                                        DateTime* write) {
 	EXIT_IF(access == nullptr);
 	EXIT_IF(write == nullptr);
+	if (IsArchivePath(name)) {
+		GetLastAccessAndWriteTimeUTC(GetArchiveHostPath(name), access, write);
+		return;
+	}

 	SysTimeStruct     at {};
 	SysTimeStruct     wt {};
@@ -399,7 +496,12 @@ void File::GetLastAccessAndWriteTimeUTC(DateTime* access, DateTime* write) {
 	EXIT_IF(access == nullptr);
 	EXIT_IF(write == nullptr);

-	EXIT_IF(m_p->f == nullptr);
+	EXIT_IF(IsInvalid());
+
+	if (m_p->archive != nullptr) {
+		GetLastAccessAndWriteTimeUTC(m_file_name, access, write);
+		return;
+	}

 	if (m_p->f == nullptr) {
 		*access = DateTime();
@@ -429,23 +531,35 @@ void File::GetLastAccessAndWriteTimeUTC(DateTime* access, DateTime* write) {
 }

 bool File::SetLastAccessTimeUTC(const std::filesystem::path& name, const DateTime& dt) {
+	if (IsArchivePath(name)) {
+		return false;
+	}
 	auto f = DateTimeToFileTimeUtc(dt);
 	return SysFileSetLastAccessTimeUtc(name, f);
 }

 bool File::SetLastWriteTimeUTC(const std::filesystem::path& name, const DateTime& dt) {
+	if (IsArchivePath(name)) {
+		return false;
+	}
 	auto f = DateTimeToFileTimeUtc(dt);
 	return SysFileSetLastWriteTimeUtc(name, f);
 }

 bool File::SetLastAccessAndWriteTimeUTC(const std::filesystem::path& name, const DateTime& access,
                                        const DateTime& write) {
+	if (IsArchivePath(name)) {
+		return false;
+	}
 	auto af = DateTimeToFileTimeUtc(access);
 	auto wf = DateTimeToFileTimeUtc(write);
 	return SysFileSetLastAccessAndWriteTimeUtc(name, af, wf);
 }

 std::vector<File::DirEntry> File::GetDirEntries(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
+	if (IsArchivePath(path)) {
+		return GetArchiveDirEntries(path);
+	}
 	std::vector<sys_dir_entry_t> files;

 	SysFileGetDents(path, files);
@@ -463,12 +577,18 @@ std::vector<File::DirEntry> File::GetDirEntries(const std::filesystem::path& pat
 bool File::CopyFile(const std::filesystem::path& src,
                    const std::filesystem::path& dst) // @suppress("Member declaration not found")
 {
+	if (IsArchivePath(src) || IsArchivePath(dst)) {
+		return false;
+	}
 	return SysFileCopyFile(src, dst);
 }

 bool File::RenameFile(const std::filesystem::path& src,
                      const std::filesystem::path& dst) // @suppress("Member declaration not found")
 {
+	if (IsArchivePath(src) || IsArchivePath(dst)) {
+		return false;
+	}
 	if (IsFileExisting(dst)) {
 		DeleteFile(dst); // @suppress("Invalid arguments")
 	}
@@ -477,6 +597,9 @@ bool File::RenameFile(const std::filesystem::path& src,
 }

 void File::RemoveReadonly(const std::filesystem::path& name) {
+	if (IsArchivePath(name)) {
+		return;
+	}
 	SysFileRemoveReadonly(name);
 }

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <memory>
+#include <optional>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>

@@ -34,6 +35,10 @@ public:
 		std::string name;
 		bool        is_file;
 	};
+	struct Info {
+		bool     is_file;
+		uint64_t size;
+	};

 	File();
 	explicit File(const std::filesystem::path& name);
@@ -72,6 +77,7 @@ public:
 	std::vector<std::byte> ReadWholeBuffer();

 	static uint64_t Size(const std::filesystem::path& name);
+	static std::optional<Info> GetInfo(const std::filesystem::path& name);

 	static bool IsDirectoryExisting(const std::filesystem::path& path);
 	static bool IsFileExisting(const std::filesystem::path& name);
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ bool        SysFileTruncate(sys_file_t& f, uint64_t size); // NOLINT(google-runt
 bool        SysFileUnlink(sys_file_t&                  f,
                          const std::filesystem::path& name); // NOLINT(google-runtime-references)
 uint64_t    SysFileSize(const std::filesystem::path& file_name);
+bool        SysFileGetInfo(const std::filesystem::path& name, bool* is_file, uint64_t* size);
 bool        SysFileIsError(sys_file_t& f); // NOLINT(google-runtime-references)
 bool        SysFileIsDirectoryExisting(const std::filesystem::path& path);
 bool        SysFileIsFileExisting(const std::filesystem::path& name);
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ struct sys_file_t {
 #endif

 static std::filesystem::path get_internal_name(const std::filesystem::path& name) {
-	return name.is_absolute() ? name : (std::filesystem::path(".") / name);
+	return name.empty() || name.is_absolute() ? name : (std::filesystem::path(".") / name);
 }

 // Pass access-pattern hints to the host.
@@ -297,10 +297,21 @@ uint64_t SysFileSize(sys_file_t& f) {
 	return 0;
 }

+bool SysFileGetInfo(const std::filesystem::path& name, bool* is_file, uint64_t* size) {
+	const auto path = get_internal_name(name);
+	struct stat info {};
+	if (stat(path.c_str(), &info) != 0) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	*is_file = !S_ISDIR(info.st_mode);
+	*size = *is_file ? static_cast<uint64_t>(info.st_size) : 0;
+	return true;
+}
+
 uint64_t SysFileSize(const std::filesystem::path& file_name) {
-	sys_file_t* f    = SysFileOpenR(file_name);
-	uint64_t    size = SysFileSize(*f);
-	SysFileClose(f);
+	bool is_file;
+	uint64_t size = 0;
+	SysFileGetInfo(file_name, &is_file, &size);
 	return size;
 }

@@ -353,29 +364,15 @@ bool SysFileIsError(sys_file_t& f) {
 }

 bool SysFileIsDirectoryExisting(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
-	auto real_name     = get_internal_name(path);
-	auto real_name_str = real_name.string();
-
-	struct stat s {};
-
-	if (0 != stat(real_name_str.c_str(), &s)) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return S_ISDIR(s.st_mode); // NOLINT
+	bool is_file;
+	uint64_t size;
+	return SysFileGetInfo(path, &is_file, &size) && !is_file;
 }

 bool SysFileIsFileExisting(const std::filesystem::path& name) {
-	auto real_name     = get_internal_name(name);
-	auto real_name_str = real_name.string();
-
-	struct stat s {};
-
-	if (0 != stat(real_name_str.c_str(), &s)) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return !S_ISDIR(s.st_mode); // NOLINT
+	bool is_file;
+	uint64_t size;
+	return SysFileGetInfo(name, &is_file, &size) && is_file;
 }

 bool SysFileCreateDirectory(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
@@ -266,19 +266,27 @@ uint64_t SysFileSize(sys_file_t& f) {
 	return 0;
 }

-uint64_t SysFileSize(const std::filesystem::path& file_name) {
-	LARGE_INTEGER             s;
-	WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA a;
-
-	auto wide = file_name.wstring();
-	if (GetFileAttributesExW(wide.c_str(), GetFileExInfoStandard, &a) == 0) {
-		return 0;
+bool SysFileGetInfo(const std::filesystem::path& name, bool* is_file, uint64_t* size) {
+	const bool directory_path = !name.empty() && !name.has_filename() && name != name.root_path();
+	WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA info {};
+	if (GetFileAttributesExW(directory_path ? name.parent_path().c_str() : name.c_str(),
+	                         GetFileExInfoStandard, &info) == 0) {
+		return false;
 	}
+	const bool file = (info.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) == 0;
+	if (directory_path && file) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	*is_file = file;
+	*size = *is_file ? ((static_cast<uint64_t>(info.nFileSizeHigh) << 32u) | info.nFileSizeLow) : 0;
+	return true;
+}

-	s.HighPart = static_cast<LONG>(a.nFileSizeHigh);
-	s.LowPart  = a.nFileSizeLow;
-
-	return s.QuadPart;
+uint64_t SysFileSize(const std::filesystem::path& file_name) {
+	bool is_file;
+	uint64_t size = 0;
+	SysFileGetInfo(file_name, &is_file, &size);
+	return size;
 }

 bool SysFileTruncate(sys_file_t& f, uint64_t size) {
@@ -346,17 +354,15 @@ bool SysFileIsError(sys_file_t& f) {
 }

 bool SysFileIsDirectoryExisting(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
-	auto  wide = path.wstring();
-	DWORD a    = GetFileAttributesW(wide.c_str());
-	return a != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
-	       ((a & static_cast<DWORD>(FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)) != 0u);
+	bool is_file;
+	uint64_t size;
+	return SysFileGetInfo(path, &is_file, &size) && !is_file;
 }

 bool SysFileIsFileExisting(const std::filesystem::path& name) {
-	auto  wide = name.wstring();
-	DWORD a    = GetFileAttributesW(wide.c_str());
-	return a != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
-	       ((a & static_cast<DWORD>(FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)) == 0u);
+	bool is_file;
+	uint64_t size;
+	return SysFileGetInfo(name, &is_file, &size) && is_file;
 }

 bool SysFileCreateDirectory(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
@@ -2,52 +2,13 @@

 #include "common/emulatorConfig.h"

-#include <algorithm>
 #include <common/TracyProtocol.hpp>
 #include <common/TracyVersion.hpp>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <tracy/Tracy.hpp>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace {
-
-thread_local std::vector<Profiler::ScopedBlock*> g_block_stack;
-
-void RemoveBlock(Profiler::ScopedBlock* block) {
-	auto block_it = std::find(g_block_stack.rbegin(), g_block_stack.rend(), block);
-	if (block_it != g_block_stack.rend()) {
-		g_block_stack.erase(std::next(block_it).base());
-	}
-}
-
-} // namespace

 namespace Profiler {

-ScopedBlock::ScopedBlock(const tracy::SourceLocationData* source_location) {
-	if (tracy::ProfilerAvailable()) {
-		m_zone.emplace(source_location, TRACY_CALLSTACK, true);
-		g_block_stack.push_back(this);
-	}
-}
-
-ScopedBlock::~ScopedBlock() {
-	End();
-}
-
-void ScopedBlock::End() {
-	if (m_zone.has_value()) {
-		m_zone.reset();
-		RemoveBlock(this);
-	}
-}
-
-void EndBlock() {
-	if (!g_block_stack.empty()) {
-		g_block_stack.back()->End();
-	}
-}
-
 void SetThreadName(const char* name) {
 	if (tracy::ProfilerAvailable() && name != nullptr) {
 		tracy::SetThreadName(name);
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include "common/common.h"

 #include <cstdint>
-#include <optional>
 #include <tracy/Tracy.hpp> // IWYU pragma: export

 namespace profiler::colors {
@@ -23,22 +22,6 @@ inline constexpr uint32_t DeepOrangeA200 = 0xff6e40;

 namespace Profiler {

-class ScopedBlock {
-public:
-	explicit ScopedBlock(const tracy::SourceLocationData* source_location);
-	ScopedBlock(const ScopedBlock&)            = delete;
-	ScopedBlock& operator=(const ScopedBlock&) = delete;
-	ScopedBlock(ScopedBlock&&)                 = delete;
-	ScopedBlock& operator=(ScopedBlock&&)      = delete;
-	~ScopedBlock();
-
-	void End();
-
-private:
-	std::optional<tracy::ScopedZone> m_zone;
-};
-
-void EndBlock();
 void SetThreadName(const char* name);

 void Initialize();
@@ -66,19 +49,11 @@ struct Lifecycle {
 	    kyty_profiler_source_location_, line) {name, TracyFunction, TracyFile,                     \
 	                                           static_cast<uint32_t>(line),                        \
 	                                           KYTY_PROFILER_COLOR_OR_DEFAULT(0, __VA_ARGS__)};    \
-	Profiler::ScopedBlock KYTY_PROFILER_CONCAT(kyty_profiler_block_, line)(                        \
-	    &KYTY_PROFILER_CONCAT(kyty_profiler_source_location_, line))
+	tracy::ScopedZone KYTY_PROFILER_CONCAT(kyty_profiler_block_, line)(                           \
+	    &KYTY_PROFILER_CONCAT(kyty_profiler_source_location_, line),                              \
+	    TRACY_CALLSTACK, tracy::ProfilerAvailable())

-#define KYTY_PROFILER_FUNCTION(...) KYTY_PROFILER_FUNCTION_IMPL(__LINE__ __VA_OPT__(, ) __VA_ARGS__)
-#define KYTY_PROFILER_FUNCTION_IMPL(line, ...)                                                     \
-	static constexpr tracy::SourceLocationData KYTY_PROFILER_CONCAT(                               \
-	    kyty_profiler_source_location_, line) {nullptr, TracyFunction, TracyFile,                  \
-	                                           static_cast<uint32_t>(line),                        \
-	                                           KYTY_PROFILER_COLOR_OR_DEFAULT(0, __VA_ARGS__)};    \
-	Profiler::ScopedBlock KYTY_PROFILER_CONCAT(kyty_profiler_block_, line)(                        \
-	    &KYTY_PROFILER_CONCAT(kyty_profiler_source_location_, line))
-
-#define KYTY_PROFILER_END_BLOCK Profiler::EndBlock()
+#define KYTY_PROFILER_FUNCTION(...) KYTY_PROFILER_BLOCK(nullptr __VA_OPT__(, ) __VA_ARGS__)

 #define KYTY_PROFILER_THREAD(name) Profiler::SetThreadName(name)

@@ -2266,7 +2266,6 @@ KYTY_CP_OP_PARSER(CpOpReleaseMem) {
 	const bool gl2_writeback = ((gcr_cntl & GcrGl2Writeback) != 0);

 	auto trigger_interrupt = [&]() {
-		bool queued = false;
 		switch (interrupt_selector) {
 			case 0x00:
 			case 0x03: break;
@@ -2274,13 +2273,10 @@ KYTY_CP_OP_PARSER(CpOpReleaseMem) {
 			case 0x02:
 			case 0x04:
 				cp.TriggerEopEventAtEndOfPipe(interrupt_context_id);
-				queued = true;
+				cp.BufferFlush();
 				break;
 			default: EXIT("unknown release_mem interrupt selector\n");
 		}
-		if (queued) {
-			cp.BufferFlush();
-		}
 	};

 	if (data_sel == 0 || interrupt_selector == 4) {
@@ -2318,7 +2314,9 @@ KYTY_CP_OP_PARSER(CpOpReleaseMem) {
 		cp.WriteAtEndOfPipe32(cache_policy, event_write_dest, eop_event_type, cache_action,
 		                      event_index, event_source, dst_gpu_addr, static_cast<uint32_t>(value),
 		                      interrupt_selector, interrupt_context_id);
-		cp.BufferFlush();
+		if (interrupt_selector == 0x01 || interrupt_selector == 0x02) {
+			cp.BufferFlush();
+		}

 		return 7;
 	}
@@ -1502,8 +1502,9 @@ void CommandProcessor::PrepareCpuFlip(uint64_t request_id) {
 	ProcessorScope processor_scope(*this);

 	m_renderer.GetVideoOut().PrepareFlip(request_id, command);
+	GetScheduler().DeferPriorityOperation(
+	    [this, request_id] { m_renderer.GetVideoOut().CompleteFlip(request_id); });
 	GetScheduler().Flush();
-	m_renderer.GetVideoOut().CompleteFlip(request_id);
 }

 void CommandProcessor::SynchronizeGpu() {
@@ -1213,20 +1213,12 @@ bool TileGetRenderTargetSize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t pitch,
 	return true;
 }

-bool TileGetDccSize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t slices,
-                    uint32_t bytes_per_element, uint32_t levels, Prospero::TileMode tile,
-                    TileSizeAlign& total_size, uint32_t num_fragments_log2) {
-	total_size = {};
-	if (width == 0 || height == 0 || slices == 0 || levels != 1 || num_fragments_log2 != 0 ||
-	    !std::has_single_bit(bytes_per_element) || bytes_per_element > 16 ||
-	    (tile != Prospero::TileMode::kRenderTarget && tile != Prospero::TileMode::kDepth)) {
+static bool TileGetColorMetadataSize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t slices,
+                                      uint32_t block_width, uint32_t block_height,
+                                      TileSizeAlign& total_size) {
+	if (width == 0 || height == 0 || slices == 0) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	// Gen5 color metadata uses 4 KiB blocks, with one byte per 256 bytes of color data.
-	// Metadata stays thin for volume surfaces, so every depth slice has its own block raster.
-	const uint32_t coverage_bits = 20u - std::countr_zero(bytes_per_element);
-	const uint32_t block_width   = 1u << ((coverage_bits + 1u) / 2u);
-	const uint32_t block_height  = 1u << (coverage_bits / 2u);
 	const uint64_t blocks_x = (static_cast<uint64_t>(width) + block_width - 1u) / block_width;
 	const uint64_t blocks_y = (static_cast<uint64_t>(height) + block_height - 1u) / block_height;
 	const uint64_t blocks   = blocks_x * blocks_y;
@@ -1238,36 +1230,27 @@ bool TileGetDccSize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t slices,
 	return true;
 }

-bool TileGetRenderTargetMipLayout(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t pitch,
-                                  uint32_t bytes_per_element, uint32_t levels,
-                                  TileSizeAlign& total_size, TileSizeOffset* level_sizes,
-                                  TilePaddedSize* padded_size) {
+bool TileGetDccSize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t slices,
+                    uint32_t bytes_per_element, uint32_t levels, Prospero::TileMode tile,
+                    TileSizeAlign& total_size, uint32_t num_fragments_log2) {
 	total_size = {};
-	if (width == 0 || height == 0 || levels == 0 || levels > 16 ||
-	    pitch != TileGetRenderTargetPitch(width, bytes_per_element)) {
+	if (levels != 1 || num_fragments_log2 != 0 ||
+	    !std::has_single_bit(bytes_per_element) || bytes_per_element > 16 ||
+	    (tile != Prospero::TileMode::kRenderTarget && tile != Prospero::TileMode::kDepth)) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	uint32_t max_levels    = 1;
-	uint32_t max_dimension = std::max(width, height);
-	while (max_dimension > 1) {
-		max_dimension >>= 1u;
-		max_levels++;
-	}
-	if (levels > max_levels) {
-		return false;
-	}
-	auto format = Prospero::BufferFormat::kInvalid;
-	switch (bytes_per_element) {
-		case 1: format = Prospero::BufferFormat::k8UNorm; break;
-		case 2: format = Prospero::BufferFormat::k16UNorm; break;
-		case 4: format = Prospero::BufferFormat::k32Float; break;
-		case 8: format = Prospero::BufferFormat::k16_16_16_16Float; break;
-		case 16: format = Prospero::BufferFormat::k32_32_32_32Float; break;
-		default: return false;
-	}
-	TileGetTextureSize(format, width, height, levels, Prospero::TileMode::kRenderTarget,
-	                   &total_size, level_sizes, padded_size);
-	return total_size.size != 0 && total_size.align == 65536;
+	// Gen5 DCC uses 4 KiB blocks, with one byte per 256 bytes of color data.
+	// Metadata stays thin for volume surfaces, so every depth slice has its own block raster.
+	const uint32_t coverage_bits = 20u - std::countr_zero(bytes_per_element);
+	return TileGetColorMetadataSize(width, height, slices, 1u << ((coverage_bits + 1u) / 2u),
+	                                1u << (coverage_bits / 2u), total_size);
+}
+
+bool TileGetCmaskSize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t slices, uint32_t levels,
+                      TileSizeAlign& total_size) {
+	total_size = {};
+	// Gen5 CMASK stores four bits per 8x8 tile in 4 KiB blocks covering 1024x512 pixels.
+	return levels == 1 && TileGetColorMetadataSize(width, height, slices, 1024, 512, total_size);
 }

 void TileGetTextureSize(Prospero::BufferFormat format, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
@@ -126,10 +126,8 @@ bool     TileGetRenderTargetSize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t pitch
 bool     TileGetDccSize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t slices,
                        uint32_t bytes_per_element, uint32_t levels, Prospero::TileMode tile,
                        TileSizeAlign& total_size, uint32_t num_fragments_log2 = 0);
-bool     TileGetRenderTargetMipLayout(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t pitch,
-                                      uint32_t bytes_per_element, uint32_t levels,
-                                      TileSizeAlign& total_size, TileSizeOffset* level_sizes,
-                                      TilePaddedSize* padded_size);
+bool     TileGetCmaskSize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t slices, uint32_t levels,
+                          TileSizeAlign& total_size);
 void     TileGetTextureSize(Prospero::BufferFormat format, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
                            uint32_t levels, Prospero::TileMode tile, TileSizeAlign* total_size,
                            TileSizeOffset* level_sizes, TilePaddedSize* padded_size);
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ struct GraphicContext {
 	bool                               memory_budget_ext_enabled             = false;
 	bool                               compute_subgroup_size_control_enabled = false;
 	bool                               sample_rate_shading_enabled           = false;
+	// bool fp64_denorm_preserve = false; // Temporarily disabled.
 	bool                               attachment_feedback_loop_enabled      = false;
 	bool                               provoking_vertex_last_enabled         = false;
 	bool                               supports_block_texel_view              = false;
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@

 #include "common/bitArray.h"
 #include "common/common.h"
+#include "kernel/memory.h"

 #include <compare>

@@ -10,7 +11,8 @@ namespace Libs::Graphics {

 constexpr uint64_t TRACKER_PAGE_SIZE    = 4ull * 1024ull;
 constexpr uint64_t TRACKER_REGION_SIZE  = 4ull * 1024ull * 1024ull;
-constexpr uint64_t TRACKER_ADDRESS_SIZE = 1ull << 40u;
+constexpr uint64_t TRACKER_ADDRESS_SIZE = 1ull << 44u;
+constexpr uint64_t LOWER_ADDRESS_SIZE   = 1ull << 40u;
 constexpr size_t   TRACKER_REGION_PAGES = TRACKER_REGION_SIZE / TRACKER_PAGE_SIZE;

 struct GuestRange {
@@ -19,8 +21,11 @@ struct GuestRange {

 	[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool Empty() const noexcept { return address == 0 && size == 0; }
 	[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool Valid() const noexcept {
-		return address != 0 && size != 0 && address < TRACKER_ADDRESS_SIZE &&
-		       size <= TRACKER_ADDRESS_SIZE - address;
+		if (address == 0 || size == 0) return false;
+		if (address < LOWER_ADDRESS_SIZE) return size <= LOWER_ADDRESS_SIZE - address;
+		constexpr auto base = LibKernel::Memory::kExtendedMemoryBase;
+		constexpr auto length = LibKernel::Memory::kExtendedMemorySize;
+		return address >= base && address - base < length && size <= length - (address - base);
 	}
 	[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool     ValidOrEmpty() const noexcept { return Empty() || Valid(); }
 	[[nodiscard]] constexpr uint64_t End() const noexcept { return address + size; }
@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ template <bool insert>
 void BufferCache::ChangeRegister(BufferId id) {
 	auto& buffer = m_slot_buffers[id];
 	PageTable::PageRange pages {};
-	EXIT_IF(!PageTable::TryGetPageRange(buffer.CpuAddress(), buffer.Size(), pages));
+	EXIT_IF(!(GuestRange {buffer.CpuAddress(), buffer.Size()}.Valid()) ||
+	        !PageTable::TryGetPageRange(buffer.CpuAddress(), buffer.Size(), pages));
 	for (size_t page = pages.first; page < pages.last_exclusive; ++page) {
 		if constexpr (insert) {
 			m_page_table[page] = id;
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ void BufferCache::ChangeRegister(BufferId id) {
 		}
 	}
 	const auto size_pages = pages.last_exclusive - pages.first;
+	const auto table_offset = PageIndex(buffer.CpuAddress()) * sizeof(vk::DeviceAddress);
 	if constexpr (insert) {
 		const auto [it, inserted] = m_buffers.emplace(buffer.CpuAddress(), id);
 		(void)it;
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ void BufferCache::ChangeRegister(BufferId id) {
 		for (uint64_t i = 0; i < size_pages; ++i) {
 			addresses.push_back(buffer.BufferDeviceAddress() + (i << CACHING_PAGEBITS));
 		}
-		WriteDataBuffer(m_bda_pagetable_buffer, pages.first * sizeof(vk::DeviceAddress),
+		WriteDataBuffer(m_bda_pagetable_buffer, table_offset,
 		                addresses.data(), addresses.size() * sizeof(vk::DeviceAddress));
 	} else {
 		const auto found = m_buffers.find(buffer.CpuAddress());
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ void BufferCache::ChangeRegister(BufferId id) {
 		EXIT_IF(buffer.Size() > m_total_used_memory);
 		m_total_used_memory -= buffer.Size();
 		m_lru_cache.Free(buffer.lru_id);
-		m_bda_pagetable_buffer.Fill(pages.first * sizeof(vk::DeviceAddress),
+		m_bda_pagetable_buffer.Fill(table_offset,
 		                            size_pages * sizeof(vk::DeviceAddress), 0);
 		buffer.is_deleted = true;
 	}
@@ -312,10 +314,14 @@ BufferCache::OverlapResult BufferCache::ResolveOverlaps(uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t
 			// Reserve space in the incoming stream's direction of growth.
 			// The old buffer extending left of the request predicts growth to the right, and vice versa.
 			if (expands_left) {
-				end += std::min(StreamLeapSize, PageTable::kAddressSpaceSize - end);
+				end += std::min(StreamLeapSize, (vaddr < LOWER_ADDRESS_SIZE ? LOWER_ADDRESS_SIZE
+				                                       : LibKernel::Memory::kExtendedMemoryBase +
+				                                             LibKernel::Memory::kExtendedMemorySize) - end);
 			}
 			if (expands_right) {
-				const auto minimum = CACHING_PAGESIZE * 2;
+				const auto minimum = vaddr < LOWER_ADDRESS_SIZE
+				                         ? CACHING_PAGESIZE * 2
+				                         : LibKernel::Memory::kExtendedMemoryBase;
 				if (begin > minimum) {
 					begin -= std::min(StreamLeapSize, begin - minimum);
 				}
@@ -448,7 +454,8 @@ std::pair<Buffer*, uint64_t> BufferCache::ObtainBuffer(uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t
 		const auto alignment = std::max<uint64_t>(
 		    m_graphics.physical_device_properties.limits.minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment, 1);
 		auto [mapped, offset] = m_stream_buffer.Map(size, alignment, false);
-		if (mapped != nullptr && Libs::LibKernel::Memory::TryReadBacking(vaddr, mapped, size)) {
+		if (mapped != nullptr) {
+			std::memcpy(mapped, reinterpret_cast<const void*>(vaddr), size);
 			m_stream_buffer.Commit();
 			return {&m_stream_buffer, offset};
 		}
@@ -29,10 +29,22 @@ class BufferCache {
 public:
 	static constexpr uint32_t CACHING_PAGEBITS  = 14;
 	static constexpr uint64_t CACHING_PAGESIZE  = uint64_t {1} << CACHING_PAGEBITS;
-	static constexpr uint64_t CACHING_NUMPAGES  = uint64_t {1} << (40 - CACHING_PAGEBITS);
+	static constexpr uint64_t CACHING_NUMPAGES  = (LOWER_ADDRESS_SIZE + LibKernel::Memory::kExtendedMemorySize) >> CACHING_PAGEBITS;
 	static constexpr uint64_t BDA_PAGETABLE_SIZE =
 	    CACHING_NUMPAGES * sizeof(vk::DeviceAddress);

+	static constexpr uint64_t PageIndex(uint64_t address) {
+		return (address < LOWER_ADDRESS_SIZE
+		            ? address
+		            : address - LibKernel::Memory::kExtendedMemoryBase + LOWER_ADDRESS_SIZE) >>
+		       CACHING_PAGEBITS;
+	}
+	static constexpr uint64_t GuestAddress(uint64_t offset) {
+		return offset < LOWER_ADDRESS_SIZE
+		           ? offset
+		           : offset - LOWER_ADDRESS_SIZE + LibKernel::Memory::kExtendedMemoryBase;
+	}
+
 	BufferCache(GraphicContext& graphics, CommandScheduler& scheduler, PageManager& page_manager,
 	            TextureCache& texture_cache);
 	~BufferCache();
@@ -88,7 +100,7 @@ private:
 		bool                has_stream_leap;
 	};

-	using PageTable = MultiLevelPageTable<BufferId, CACHING_PAGEBITS, 40, 16>;
+	using PageTable = MultiLevelPageTable<BufferId, CACHING_PAGEBITS, 44, 20>;
 	static_assert(CACHING_PAGESIZE == (uint64_t {1} << PageTable::kPageBits));
 	void WriteDataBuffer(Buffer& buffer, uint64_t address, const void* source, uint64_t size);
 	void TouchBuffer(const Buffer& buffer);
@@ -134,8 +134,9 @@ void FaultManager::ProcessFaultBuffer() {
 		const auto* faults = std::bit_cast<const uint64_t*>(mapped);
 		const auto  count  = static_cast<uint32_t>(faults[0]);
 		for (uint32_t index = 1; index <= count; ++index) {
-			fault_ranges.Add(faults[index], BufferCache::CACHING_PAGESIZE);
-			LOGF("Accessed non-GPU cached memory at 0x%016" PRIx64 "\n", faults[index]);
+			const auto address = BufferCache::GuestAddress(faults[index]);
+			fault_ranges.Add(address, BufferCache::CACHING_PAGESIZE);
+			LOGF("Accessed non-GPU cached memory at 0x%016" PRIx64 "\n", address);
 		}
 		fault_ranges.ForEach([this](uint64_t start, uint64_t end) {
 			EXIT_IF(end - start > std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ SamplerCache::~SamplerCache() {
 	}
 }

-vk::Sampler SamplerCache::GetSampler(const ShaderSamplerResource& r) {
+vk::Sampler SamplerCache::GetSampler(const ShaderSamplerResource& r, bool integer_border) {
 	Common::LockGuard lock(m_mutex);

-	const SamplerKey key {r.fields[0], r.fields[1], r.fields[2], r.fields[3]};
+	const SamplerKey key {r.fields[0], r.fields[1], r.fields[2], r.fields[3], integer_border};
 	if (auto iter = m_samplers.find(key); iter != m_samplers.end()) {
 		return iter->second;
 	}
@@ -55,11 +55,9 @@ vk::Sampler SamplerCache::GetSampler(const ShaderSamplerResource& r) {
 			case Prospero::SamplerAnisoRatio::kTwo: aniso_ratio = 2.0f; break;
 			case Prospero::SamplerAnisoRatio::kFour: aniso_ratio = 4.0f; break;
 			case Prospero::SamplerAnisoRatio::kEight: aniso_ratio = 8.0f; break;
-			case Prospero::SamplerAnisoRatio::kSixteen: aniso_ratio = 16.0f; break;
-			default:
-				EXIT("unknown ratio: %d dwords=%08x,%08x,%08x,%08x\n",
-				     static_cast<int>(r.MaxAnisoRatio()), r.fields[0], r.fields[1], r.fields[2],
-				     r.fields[3]);
+			case Prospero::SamplerAnisoRatio::kSixteen:
+			// Reserved encodings 5-7 fall back to the maximum ratio.
+			default: aniso_ratio = 16.0f; break;
 		}
 	}

@@ -95,23 +93,23 @@ vk::Sampler SamplerCache::GetSampler(const ShaderSamplerResource& r) {
 		return vk::SamplerAddressMode::eClampToBorder;
 	};

-	vk::BorderColor border = vk::BorderColor::eIntTransparentBlack;
+	vk::BorderColor border = integer_border ? vk::BorderColor::eIntTransparentBlack
+	                                       : vk::BorderColor::eFloatTransparentBlack;
 	switch (static_cast<Prospero::SamplerBorderColor>(r.BorderColorType())) {
-		case Prospero::SamplerBorderColor::kTransBlack:
-			border = vk::BorderColor::eIntTransparentBlack;
-			break;
+		case Prospero::SamplerBorderColor::kTransBlack: break;
 		case Prospero::SamplerBorderColor::kOpaqueBlack:
-			border = vk::BorderColor::eIntOpaqueBlack;
+			border = integer_border ? vk::BorderColor::eIntOpaqueBlack
+			                        : vk::BorderColor::eFloatOpaqueBlack;
 			break;
 		case Prospero::SamplerBorderColor::kOpaqueWhite:
-			border = vk::BorderColor::eIntOpaqueWhite;
+			border = integer_border ? vk::BorderColor::eIntOpaqueWhite
+			                        : vk::BorderColor::eFloatOpaqueWhite;
 			break;
 		case Prospero::SamplerBorderColor::kFromTable:
 			LOGF(
 			    "temporary: approximating table border color as transparent black, index = %" PRIu16
 			    "\n",
 			    r.BorderColorPtr());
-			border = vk::BorderColor::eIntTransparentBlack;
 			break;
 		default: EXIT("unknown border color: %d", static_cast<int>(r.BorderColorType()));
 	}
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ public:
 	~SamplerCache();
 	KYTY_CLASS_NO_COPY(SamplerCache);

-	vk::Sampler GetSampler(const ShaderSamplerResource& r);
+	vk::Sampler GetSampler(const ShaderSamplerResource& r, bool integer_border);

 private:
-	using SamplerKey = std::array<uint32_t, 4>;
+	using SamplerKey = std::array<uint32_t, 5>;

 	struct SamplerKeyHash {
 		std::size_t operator()(const SamplerKey& key) const {
@@ -33,24 +33,27 @@ namespace {

 constexpr uint64_t NumFramesBeforeRemoval = 32;

-[[nodiscard]] bool DecodeDccClear(const TextureCache::ImageDesc& desc, uint8_t code,
+[[nodiscard]] bool DecodeColorClear(const TextureCache::ImageDesc& desc, uint8_t code,
                                  vk::ClearColorValue& clear) {
+	const auto& metadata = desc.info.metadata;
+	const auto  format   = desc.view_info.format;
+	const bool  cmask    = metadata.kind == ImageMetadataKind::Cmask;
+	if (cmask ? code == 0 : code == 0x20) {
+		// Register clears belong to the color buffer; the texture pipe cannot decode them.
+		return desc.type == TextureCache::BindingType::RenderTarget &&
+		       metadata.clear_register_valid &&
+		       DecodePackedColorClear(format, metadata.clear_word, clear);
+	}
+	if (cmask) {
+		return false;
+	}
 	switch (code) {
 		case 0x00:
-		case 0x20:
 		case 0x40:
 		case 0x80:
 		case 0xc0: break;
 		default: return false;
 	}
-	const auto& metadata = desc.info.metadata;
-	const auto  format   = desc.view_info.format;
-	if (code == 0x20) {
-		// Clear-to-register is a color-buffer operation; the texture pipe cannot decode it.
-		return desc.type == TextureCache::BindingType::RenderTarget &&
-		       metadata.dcc_clear_register_valid &&
-		       DecodePackedColorClear(format, metadata.dcc_clear_word, clear);
-	}
 	clear = {};
 	if (code == 0x00) {
 		return true;
@@ -193,7 +196,7 @@ bool TextureCache::SameBacking(const ImageInfo& cached, const ImageInfo& request
 		return false;
 	}
 	if (!ImageViewOps::FormatsCompatible(cached.pixel_format, requested.pixel_format) ||
-	    (cached.type != requested.type && requested.extent != vk::Extent3D {1, 1, 1})) {
+	    cached.type != requested.type) {
 		return false;
 	}
 	if (exact_format && cached.pixel_format != requested.pixel_format) {
@@ -219,14 +222,6 @@ TextureCache::BindingType TextureCache::UploadBinding(const Image& image) {
 	return image.usage.storage ? BindingType::Storage : BindingType::Texture;
 }

-bool TextureCache::SafeToDownload(const Image& image) {
-	if (!image.SafeToDownload()) {
-		return false;
-	}
-	const auto range = image.info.data;
-	return !m_buffer_cache.HasGpuDirtyBytes(range.address, range.size);
-}
-
 ImageId TextureCache::InsertImage(const ImageInfo& info) {
 	const auto id = m_slot_images.insert(m_graphics, m_scheduler, info);
 	if (!info.data.Empty()) {
@@ -639,9 +634,12 @@ void TextureCache::CopyImage(ImageId destination_id, ImageId source_id) {
 	const bool source_depth = source.info.IsDepth();
 	const bool dest_depth   = destination.info.IsDepth();
 	const bool direct_copy =
-	    source.backing.format == destination.backing.format ||
-	    (!source_depth && !dest_depth &&
-	     vk::blockSize(source.backing.format) == vk::blockSize(destination.backing.format));
+	    (source.backing.image_type == destination.backing.image_type ||
+	     (source.backing.image_type != vk::ImageType::e1D &&
+	      destination.backing.image_type != vk::ImageType::e1D)) &&
+	    (source.backing.format == destination.backing.format ||
+	     (!source_depth && !dest_depth &&
+	      vk::blockSize(source.backing.format) == vk::blockSize(destination.backing.format)));
 	if (direct_copy) {
 		destination.CopyImage(source);
 	} else if (!CopyD16(destination, source)) {
@@ -675,7 +673,8 @@ void TextureCache::CopyImageMip(ImageId destination_id, ImageId source_id, uint3
 ImageId TextureCache::ResolveDepthOverlap(const ImageInfo& requested, BindingType binding,
                                          ImageId cached_id) {
 	auto& cached = m_slot_images[cached_id];
-	if (!cached.info.IsDepth() && !requested.IsDepth()) {
+	if ((!cached.info.IsDepth() && !requested.IsDepth()) ||
+	    cached.info.tile_mode != requested.tile_mode) {
 		return {};
 	}
 	const bool stencil_match = requested.HasStencil() == cached.info.HasStencil();
@@ -689,8 +688,8 @@ ImageId TextureCache::ResolveDepthOverlap(const ImageInfo& requested, BindingTyp
 	    requested.samples == 1 && requested.data == cached.info.data &&
 	    requested.extent == cached.info.extent && requested.resources == cached.info.resources &&
 	    requested.type == cached.info.type && requested.pitch == cached.info.pitch &&
-	    requested.tile_mode == cached.info.tile_mode && !requested.HasStencil() &&
-	    !cached.info.HasStencil() && !requested.HasMetadata() && !cached.info.HasMetadata();
+	    !requested.HasStencil() && !cached.info.HasStencil() && !requested.HasMetadata() &&
+	    !cached.info.HasMetadata();
 	// PPSA04264
 	const bool retain_cached_layout =
 	    requested.samples == 1 && cached.info.samples == 1 && cached.backing.samples == 1 &&
@@ -701,7 +700,7 @@ ImageId TextureCache::ResolveDepthOverlap(const ImageInfo& requested, BindingTyp
 	    requested.resources.layers != 0 && cached.info.resources.layers != 0 &&
 	    requested.resources.layers < cached.info.resources.layers &&
 	    requested.type == cached.info.type && requested.pitch == cached.info.pitch &&
-	    requested.tile_mode == cached.info.tile_mode && requested.mip_layout[0].offset == 0 &&
+	    requested.mip_layout[0].offset == 0 &&
 	    cached.info.mip_layout[0].offset == 0 &&
 	    requested.mip_layout[0].size == requested.data.size &&
 	    cached.info.mip_layout[0].size == cached.info.data.size &&
@@ -810,12 +809,15 @@ TextureCache::OverlapResult TextureCache::ResolveOverlap(const ImageInfo& reques
 			return {merged_id};
 		}
 		// PPSA08394
+		// A view cannot change the native image type or grow its extent.
 		if (requested.data.size == cached.info.data.size &&
-		    requested.resources == cached.info.resources && requested.type == cached.info.type &&
-		    requested.extent.width > cached.info.extent.width &&
-		    requested.extent.height >= cached.info.extent.height &&
-		    requested.extent.depth >= cached.info.extent.depth &&
-		    ImageViewOps::FormatsCompatible(cached.info.pixel_format, requested.pixel_format)) {
+		    requested.resources == cached.info.resources &&
+		    ImageViewOps::FormatsCompatible(cached.info.pixel_format, requested.pixel_format) &&
+		    (requested.type != cached.info.type
+		         ? requested.extent == cached.info.extent
+		         : requested.extent.width > cached.info.extent.width &&
+		               requested.extent.height >= cached.info.extent.height &&
+		               requested.extent.depth >= cached.info.extent.depth)) {
 			return {ExpandImage(requested, cached_id)};
 		}
 		// PS5 mip tails can expose more levels without increasing the guest allocation.
@@ -1118,9 +1120,10 @@ void TextureCache::InitializeImage(ImageId id) {
 	}
 }

-void TextureCache::MaterializeDccClear(ImageId id, const ImageDesc& desc,
+void TextureCache::MaterializeColorClear(ImageId id, const ImageDesc& desc,
                                       uint32_t metadata_base_layer) {
-	if (desc.info.metadata.kind != ImageMetadataKind::Dcc) {
+	if (desc.info.metadata.kind != ImageMetadataKind::Dcc &&
+	    desc.info.metadata.kind != ImageMetadataKind::Cmask) {
 		return;
 	}
 	const auto range = desc.info.metadata.range;
@@ -1128,18 +1131,18 @@ void TextureCache::MaterializeDccClear(ImageId id, const ImageDesc& desc,
 		std::scoped_lock lock {m_lock};
 		auto& image         = m_slot_images[id];
 		image.info.metadata = desc.info.metadata;
-		// A native DCC allocation must not retain a reused HTile/CMask/FMask interpretation.
+		// Native color metadata must not retain a reused HTile/CMask/FMask clear flag.
 		m_surface_metas.erase(range.address);
 		if (range.size == 0 || desc.info.resources.levels != 1 || image.info.resources.levels != 1) {
 			return;
 		}
 	}
 	const auto layers = desc.info.TransferLayers();
-	// These one-mip surfaces use complete 4 KiB DCC metadata blocks.
+	// These one-mip surfaces use complete 4 KiB color metadata blocks.
 	constexpr uint64_t MetadataBlockSize = 0x1000;
 	if (!range.Valid() || range.address % MetadataBlockSize != 0 || layers == 0 ||
 	    range.size % layers != 0 || (range.size / layers) % MetadataBlockSize != 0) {
-		EXIT("TextureCache: DCC slices must contain aligned 4 KiB blocks\n");
+		EXIT("TextureCache: color metadata slices must contain aligned 4 KiB blocks\n");
 	}
 	const auto& view           = desc.view_info;
 	const bool  volume_texture = desc.info.IsVolume() && view.type == vk::ImageViewType::e3D;
@@ -1147,7 +1150,7 @@ void TextureCache::MaterializeDccClear(ImageId id, const ImageDesc& desc,
 	const auto  image_first    = volume_texture ? 0u : view.base_layer;
 	const auto  count          = volume_texture ? desc.info.extent.depth : view.layer_count;
 	if (first >= layers || count > layers - first) {
-		EXIT("TextureCache: DCC view exceeds its native metadata slices\n");
+		EXIT("TextureCache: color view exceeds its native metadata slices\n");
 	}
 	// Finish native metadata writes before reading backing bytes. This can submit the scheduler,
 	// so discovery runs before final draw uploads and never holds the texture lock across it.
@@ -1159,15 +1162,15 @@ void TextureCache::MaterializeDccClear(ImageId id, const ImageDesc& desc,
 		const auto address = range.address + slice_size * (first + slice);
 		uint8_t code = 0;
 		if (!LibKernel::Memory::TryReadBacking(address, &code, sizeof(code))) {
-			EXIT("TextureCache: failed to read DCC metadata backing\n");
+			EXIT("TextureCache: failed to read color metadata backing\n");
 		}
 		vk::ClearValue clear {};
-		if (!DecodeDccClear(desc, code, clear.color)) {
+		if (!DecodeColorClear(desc, code, clear.color)) {
 			continue;
 		}
 		std::vector<uint8_t> bytes(slice_size);
 		if (!LibKernel::Memory::TryReadBacking(address, bytes.data(), bytes.size())) {
-			EXIT("TextureCache: failed to read DCC metadata slice\n");
+			EXIT("TextureCache: failed to read color metadata slice\n");
 		}
 		if (!std::all_of(bytes.begin(), bytes.end(), [code](uint8_t byte) { return byte == code; })) {
 			continue;
@@ -1312,7 +1315,7 @@ ImageId TextureCache::FindImage(ImageDesc& desc, bool exact_format) {
 		image.tick_accessed_last = m_scheduler.CurrentTick();
 		TouchImage(image);
 	}
-	MaterializeDccClear(result, desc, metadata_base_layer);
+	MaterializeColorClear(result, desc, metadata_base_layer);
 	if (desc.type == BindingType::VideoOut &&
 	    desc.info.metadata.compression != VideoOutCompression::Uncompressed) {
 		std::scoped_lock lock {m_lock};
@@ -1349,7 +1352,7 @@ ImageId TextureCache::FindImageFromRange(uint64_t address, uint64_t size, bool e
 		if (ensure_valid && owner->depth_id) {
 			owner = m_slot_images.try_get(owner->depth_id);
 		}
-		if (owner == nullptr || (ensure_valid && !SafeToDownload(*owner))) {
+		if (owner == nullptr || (ensure_valid && !owner->SafeToDownload())) {
 			continue;
 		}
 		matches.push_back(id);
@@ -1740,7 +1743,7 @@ bool BufferCache::SynchronizeBufferFromImage(Buffer& buffer, uint64_t vaddr, uin
 	std::scoped_lock lock {m_texture_cache.m_lock};
 	auto& image = m_texture_cache.m_slot_images[selected];
 	// The GPU thread owns image retirement; CPU invalidation can dirty this image after lookup.
-	if (!m_texture_cache.SafeToDownload(image)) {
+	if (!image.SafeToDownload()) {
 		return false;
 	}
 	if (!buffer.IsInBounds(image.info.data.address, 1)) {
@@ -1803,7 +1806,7 @@ bool TextureCache::DownloadImageMemory(ImageId id) {
 		return false;
 	}
 	auto transfer = BuildDownload(image);
-	if (!transfer.valid || !SafeToDownload(image)) {
+	if (!transfer.valid || !image.SafeToDownload()) {
 		return false;
 	}
 	const auto range    = image.info.data;
@@ -1864,7 +1867,10 @@ bool TextureCache::IsRegionGpuModified(uint64_t address, uint64_t size) {
 	std::scoped_lock lock {m_lock};
 	for (const auto id: FindImagesInRegion(address, size, false)) {
 		const auto& image = m_slot_images[id];
-		if (!image.depth_id && image.IsGpuModified()) {
+		// PPSA17168: S_LOAD_DWORD reads shader data at an address overlapping an old
+		// render target whose memory the CPU has reused. The cached image still retains
+		// its earlier GPU-modified flag.
+		if (!image.depth_id && image.IsGpuModified() && !image.IsDefinitelyCpuDirty()) {
 			return true;
 		}
 	}
@@ -1990,7 +1996,7 @@ void TextureCache::RunGarbageCollector() {
 				continue;
 			}
 			if (owner->IsGpuModified()) {
-				const bool safe = SafeToDownload(*owner);
+				const bool safe = owner->SafeToDownload();
 				if (safe && owner->info.IsTiled()) {
 					continue;
 				}
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ private:
 	};

 	using ImageIds       = InlinePageOwnerList<ImageId, 16>;
-	using ImagePageTable = MultiLevelPageTable<ImageIds, 20, 40, 10>;
+	using ImagePageTable = MultiLevelPageTable<ImageIds, 20, 44, 14>;

-	// Callers have validated the nonempty 40-bit range with TryGetPageRange.
+	// Callers have validated the nonempty 44-bit range with TryGetPageRange.
 	template <typename Func>
 	static void ForEachPage(uint64_t address, size_t size, Func&& func) {
 		using FuncReturn = typename std::invoke_result<Func, uint64_t>::type;
@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@ private:
 	[[nodiscard]] static bool SameBacking(const ImageInfo& cached, const ImageInfo& requested,
 	                                      bool exact_format);
 	[[nodiscard]] static BindingType UploadBinding(const Image& image);
-	[[nodiscard]] bool               SafeToDownload(const Image& image);

 	// Caller holds m_lock; it also serializes the per-image query epoch.
 	[[nodiscard]] ImageIds      FindImagesInRegion(uint64_t address, uint64_t size,
@@ -139,7 +138,7 @@ private:
 	                                                ImageId cached);
 	[[nodiscard]] ImageId       ExpandImage(const ImageInfo& info, ImageId source);
 	void                        RefreshImage(ImageId id);
-	void                        MaterializeDccClear(ImageId id, const ImageDesc& desc,
+	void                        MaterializeColorClear(ImageId id, const ImageDesc& desc,
 	                                                uint32_t metadata_base_layer);
 	void                        InitializeImage(ImageId id);
 	[[nodiscard]] TextureTransfer
@@ -17,11 +17,10 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
 #include <atomic>
+#include <bit>

 namespace Libs::Graphics {

-static std::atomic<uint32_t> g_render_color_log_count = 0;
-
 static bool DccAlphaOnMsb(const HW::ColorInfo& info) {
 	switch (info.format) {
 		case Prospero::ChannelLayout::k10_10_10_2:
@@ -138,8 +137,7 @@ void RenderExecutor::ResolveRenderColorTarget(CommandBuffer& buffer, RenderColor
 	// Color-control state selects the color-buffer operation and logical blend operation.
 	// The normal copy operation is a regular color write, not an attachment clear.
 	// Nonlinear clear values are still stored as normalized components.
-	// Fast color clears are metadata driven and must be handled explicitly when
-	// that metadata path is implemented; render-pass load must preserve contents.
+	// Metadata clears are materialized during image discovery; render-pass loads preserve contents.
 	uint32_t   width  = 0;
 	uint32_t   height = 0;
 	uint32_t   pitch  = 0;
@@ -160,9 +158,6 @@ void RenderExecutor::ResolveRenderColorTarget(CommandBuffer& buffer, RenderColor
 			break;
 		default: EXIT("unknown tile mode: %u\n", static_cast<uint32_t>(rt.attrib3.tile_mode));
 	}
-	if (!tile && levels > 1) {
-		EXIT("linear mipmapped render targets are unsupported\n");
-	}
 	if (samples > 1 && (!tile || levels != 1)) {
 		EXIT("multisampled render targets require a single-mip tiled surface\n");
 	}
@@ -203,8 +198,7 @@ void RenderExecutor::ResolveRenderColorTarget(CommandBuffer& buffer, RenderColor
 		     " layer=%u/%u\n",
 		     rt.attrib3.dimension, rt.attrib3.depth, view.base_layer, view.image_layers);
 	}
-	// PPSA28068: the linear EULA target and its sampled view must share the padded pitch.
-	if (!tile || volume || texture_tile) {
+	if (samples == 1) {
 		pitch = TileGetTexturePitch(transfer_format, width, rt.attrib3.tile_mode);
 	} else {
 		pitch = TileGetRenderTargetPitch(width, bytes_per_element, rt.attrib.num_fragments);
@@ -232,37 +226,26 @@ void RenderExecutor::ResolveRenderColorTarget(CommandBuffer& buffer, RenderColor
 		}
 		size         = volume_layout.block_slice_size;
 		backing_size = volume_layout.total_size;
-	} else if (tile) {
+	} else {
 		TileSizeAlign layout {};
 		bool          valid_layout = false;
-		if (texture_tile) {
+		if (samples == 1) {
 			TileGetTextureSize(transfer_format, width, height, levels, rt.attrib3.tile_mode,
 			                   &layout, mip_sizes, mip_padded);
-			valid_layout = layout.size != 0 && layout.align == texture_tile_layout.block.block_size;
+			valid_layout = layout.size != 0 && layout.align != 0 &&
+			               (rt.attrib3.tile_mode != Prospero::TileMode::kRenderTarget ||
+			                levels <= std::bit_width(std::max(width, height)));
 		} else {
-			valid_layout =
-			    levels == 1 ? TileGetRenderTargetSize(width, height, pitch, bytes_per_element,
-			                                          layout, rt.attrib.num_fragments)
-			                : TileGetRenderTargetMipLayout(width, height, pitch, bytes_per_element,
-			                                               levels, layout, mip_sizes, mip_padded);
+			valid_layout = TileGetRenderTargetSize(width, height, pitch, bytes_per_element,
+			                                       layout, rt.attrib.num_fragments);
+			mip_sizes[0]  = {layout.size, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+			mip_padded[0] = {pitch, height};
 		}
 		if (!valid_layout) {
 			EXIT("unsupported render-target layout: %ux%u pitch=%u bytes=%u levels=%u\n", width,
 			     height, pitch, bytes_per_element, levels);
 		}
 		size = layout.size;
-		EXIT_IF(size > UINT32_MAX);
-		if (levels == 1) {
-			mip_sizes[0]  = {static_cast<uint32_t>(size), 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-			mip_padded[0] = {pitch, height};
-		}
-	} else {
-		size = static_cast<uint64_t>(pitch) * height * bytes_per_element * samples;
-		if (size > UINT32_MAX) {
-			EXIT("linear render-target slice exceeds the supported layout size\n");
-		}
-		mip_sizes[0]  = {static_cast<uint32_t>(size), 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-		mip_padded[0] = {pitch, height};
 	}
 	if (size == 0 || (!volume && size > UINT64_MAX / view.image_layers)) {
 		EXIT("render-target memory footprint is invalid\n");
@@ -277,21 +260,7 @@ void RenderExecutor::ResolveRenderColorTarget(CommandBuffer& buffer, RenderColor
 		EXIT("render-target backing range is invalid\n");
 	}

-	const vk::Extent2D view_extent = {std::max(width >> rt.view.current_mip_level, 1u),
-	                                  std::max(height >> rt.view.current_mip_level, 1u)};
-
-	auto decision_log_id = g_render_color_log_count.fetch_add(1);
-	if (decision_log_id < 128) {
-		LOGF("RenderColorTarget: slot=%" PRIu32 " addr=0x%010" PRIx64 " size=0x%016" PRIx64
-		     " extent=%ux%ux%u view_mip=%u view_extent=%ux%u levels=%u pitch=%u"
-		     " fmt=0x%08" PRIx32 " nfmt=0x%08" PRIx32 " order=0x%08" PRIx32 " samples=%u tile=%s\n",
-		     rt_slot, rt.base.addr, backing_size, width, height, depth, rt.view.current_mip_level,
-		     view_extent.width, view_extent.height, levels, pitch,
-		     static_cast<uint32_t>(rt.info.format), static_cast<uint32_t>(rt.info.channel_type),
-		     static_cast<uint32_t>(rt.info.channel_order), samples, tile ? "tiled" : "linear");
-	}
-
-	TextureCache::ImageDesc desc {};
+	auto& desc = r.desc;
 	desc.type              = TextureCache::BindingType::RenderTarget;
 	desc.info.data         = {rt.base.addr, backing_size};
 	desc.info.pixel_format = target_format.format;
@@ -304,15 +273,25 @@ void RenderExecutor::ResolveRenderColorTarget(CommandBuffer& buffer, RenderColor
 	desc.info.samples         = samples;
 	desc.info.tile_mode       = rt.attrib3.tile_mode;
 	const bool has_dcc        = rt.info.dcc_compression_enable && rt.dcc_addr.addr != 0;
-	if (has_dcc) {
+	const bool has_cmask      = !rt.info.dcc_compression_enable && rt.info.cmask_fast_clear_enable &&
+	                            rt.cmask.addr != 0 && samples == 1 &&
+	                            !rt.info.fmask_compression_enable &&
+	                            !rt.attrib3.write_vrs_rate_hint_to_cmask;
+	if (has_dcc || has_cmask) {
 		TileSizeAlign metadata_size {};
-		(void)TileGetDccSize(width, height, volume ? depth : view.image_layers, bytes_per_element,
-		                     levels, rt.attrib3.tile_mode, metadata_size, rt.attrib.num_fragments);
-		desc.info.metadata.kind                     = ImageMetadataKind::Dcc;
-		desc.info.metadata.range                    = {rt.dcc_addr.addr, metadata_size.size};
-		desc.info.metadata.dcc_clear_word           = rt.clear_word0.word0;
-		desc.info.metadata.dcc_clear_register_valid = true;
-		desc.info.metadata.dcc_alpha_msb            = DccAlphaOnMsb(rt.info);
+		const auto layers = volume ? depth : view.image_layers;
+		if (has_dcc) {
+			(void)TileGetDccSize(width, height, layers, bytes_per_element, levels,
+			                     rt.attrib3.tile_mode, metadata_size, rt.attrib.num_fragments);
+			desc.info.metadata.dcc_alpha_msb = DccAlphaOnMsb(rt.info);
+		} else {
+			(void)TileGetCmaskSize(width, height, layers, levels, metadata_size);
+		}
+		// DCC owns the clear when both planes are enabled; single-sample CMASK stays expanded.
+		desc.info.metadata.kind = has_dcc ? ImageMetadataKind::Dcc : ImageMetadataKind::Cmask;
+		desc.info.metadata.range = {has_dcc ? rt.dcc_addr.addr : rt.cmask.addr, metadata_size.size};
+		desc.info.metadata.clear_word           = rt.clear_word0.word0;
+		desc.info.metadata.clear_register_valid = true;
 	}
 	for (uint32_t level = 0; level < levels; level++) {
 		if (volume) {
@@ -353,7 +332,6 @@ void RenderExecutor::ResolveRenderColorTarget(CommandBuffer& buffer, RenderColor
 	desc.view_info.layer_count = view.layer_count;
 	desc.view_info.usage       = vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eColorAttachment;
 	auto& texture_cache        = m_context.GetTextureCache();
-	r.desc                     = std::move(desc);
 	r.guest_mip_level          = rt.view.current_mip_level;
 	r.guest_array_layer        = view.base_layer;
 	r.image_id                 = texture_cache.FindImage(r.desc, exact_format);
@@ -219,17 +219,6 @@ static void RtCheck(const HW::RenderTarget& rt) {
 			}
 		}

-		if (rt.info.cmask_fast_clear_enable || rt.info.dcc_compression_enable) {
-			static bool logged = false;
-			if (!logged) {
-				LOGF("RenderTarget: temporary: ignoring PS5 color metadata fast_clear=%s dcc=%s "
-				     "cmask=0x%016" PRIx64 " dcc_addr=0x%016" PRIx64 "\n",
-				     rt.info.cmask_fast_clear_enable ? "true" : "false",
-				     rt.info.dcc_compression_enable ? "true" : "false", rt.cmask.addr,
-				     rt.dcc_addr.addr);
-				logged = true;
-			}
-		}
 		if (rt.info.blend_bypass) {
 			static bool logged = false;
 			if (!logged) {
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "graphics/host_gpu/renderer/image/image.h"

 #include "common/assert.h"
+#include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/profiler.h"
 #include "graphics/host_gpu/renderer/cache/streamBuffer.h"
 #include "graphics/host_gpu/renderer/commandScheduler.h"
@@ -10,7 +11,9 @@

 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
+#include <atomic>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <fmt/format.h>
 #include <xxhash.h>

 namespace Libs::Graphics {
@@ -48,12 +51,29 @@ namespace {
 }

 [[nodiscard]] vk::ImageUsageFlags ImageUsageFlags(GraphicContext& graphics, const ImageInfo& info) {
+	auto usage = vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst;
 	if (info.IsBlock()) {
-		return vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst |
-		       vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eSampled;
+		usage |= vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eSampled;
+		if (graphics.supports_block_texel_view) {
+			const auto storage = usage | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eStorage;
+			if (graphics.GetImageFormatProperties(info.pixel_format, HostImageType(info.type),
+			                                      vk::ImageTiling::eOptimal, storage,
+			                                      ImageCreateFlags(graphics, info),
+			                                      nullptr) == vk::Result::eSuccess) {
+				usage = storage;
+			} else {
+				static std::atomic_flag warned = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;
+				if (!warned.test_and_set(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
+					Log::WriteToConsoleAndLog(fmt::format(
+					    "Warning: format {} does not support storage access; block-compressed "
+					    "textures written by the guest will not render.\n",
+					    vk::to_string(info.pixel_format)));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return usage;
 	}
 	const auto properties = graphics.GetFormatProperties(info.pixel_format);
-	auto       usage = vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst;
 	if (HasFormatFeature(properties, vk::FormatFeatureFlagBits::eSampledImage)) {
 		usage |= vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eSampled;
 	}
@@ -627,12 +647,11 @@ void Validate(const ImageInfo& info) {
 			}
 			break;
 		case ImageMetadataKind::Dcc:
-			if (info.metadata.range.address == 0 ||
-			    info.metadata.range.address >= TRACKER_ADDRESS_SIZE ||
-			    (info.metadata.range.size != 0 &&
-			     info.metadata.range.size > TRACKER_ADDRESS_SIZE - info.metadata.range.address) ||
+		case ImageMetadataKind::Cmask:
+			if (!GuestRange {info.metadata.range.address,
+			                 std::max<uint64_t>(info.metadata.range.size, 1)}.Valid() ||
 			    info.metadata.compression == VideoOutCompression::Unsupported) {
-				EXIT("invalid DCC metadata\n");
+				EXIT("invalid color metadata\n");
 			}
 			break;
 	}
@@ -17,17 +17,17 @@ namespace Libs::Graphics {

 enum class VideoOutCompression : uint8_t { Uncompressed, Dcc256_256_0, Dcc256_64_64, Unsupported };

-enum class ImageMetadataKind : uint8_t { None, Htile, Dcc };
+enum class ImageMetadataKind : uint8_t { None, Htile, Dcc, Cmask };

 struct ImageMetadataInfo {
 	GuestRange          range;
-	ImageMetadataKind   kind               = ImageMetadataKind::None;
-	uint32_t            control            = 0;
-	uint32_t            dcc_clear_word           = 0;
-	VideoOutCompression compression        = VideoOutCompression::Uncompressed;
-	bool                stencil_compressed = false;
-	bool                dcc_clear_register_valid = false;
-	bool                dcc_alpha_msb            = true;
+	ImageMetadataKind   kind                 = ImageMetadataKind::None;
+	uint32_t            control              = 0;
+	uint32_t            clear_word           = 0;
+	VideoOutCompression compression          = VideoOutCompression::Uncompressed;
+	bool                stencil_compressed   = false;
+	bool                clear_register_valid = false;
+	bool                dcc_alpha_msb        = true;
 };

 struct ImageSubresources {
@@ -91,19 +91,6 @@ vk::DescriptorImageInfo MakeImageInfo(const TextureBinding& texture, uint32_t el
 	return {nullptr, view, texture.layout};
 }

-static const char* ShaderStageResourceName(ShaderType stage) {
-	switch (stage) {
-		case ShaderType::Vertex: return "Vertex";
-		case ShaderType::Mesh: return "Mesh";
-		case ShaderType::Local: return "Local";
-		case ShaderType::TessellationControl: return "Hull";
-		case ShaderType::TessellationEvaluation: return "Domain";
-		case ShaderType::Pixel: return "Pixel";
-		case ShaderType::Compute: return "Compute";
-		default: return "Unknown";
-	}
-}
-
 static Prospero::ImageType TextureType(const ShaderTextureResource& descriptor) {
 	const auto type = descriptor.Type();
 	return type == Prospero::ImageType::kCube ? Prospero::ImageType::kColor2DArray : type;
@@ -126,8 +113,7 @@ static bool IsMultisampledTexture(Prospero::ImageType type) {

 static vk::DescriptorBufferInfo
 NativeStorageBuffer(RenderContext& context, const PreparedBindings::BufferSource& source,
-                    const ShaderRecompiler::IR::BufferResource& resource, ShaderType stage,
-                    uint32_t slot, uint32_t& buffer_offset) {
+                    const ShaderRecompiler::IR::BufferResource& resource, uint32_t& buffer_offset) {
 	buffer_offset = 0;

 	const auto& [address, size, id] = source;
@@ -152,16 +138,6 @@ NativeStorageBuffer(RenderContext& context, const PreparedBindings::BufferSource
 	if (resource.written) {
 		context.GetTextureCache().InvalidateMemoryFromGPU(address, size);
 	}
-	const char* access = "Read";
-	if (resource.written && resource.read) {
-		access = "ReadWrite";
-	} else if (resource.written) {
-		access = "Write";
-	}
-	SetVulkanObjectNameF(
-	    graphics.device, result.buffer,
-	    "Kyty.{}.StorageBuffer[slot={} guest=0x{:016x} size=0x{:x} access={} formatted={}]",
-	    ShaderStageResourceName(stage), slot, address, size, access, resource.formatted);
 	return result;
 }

@@ -196,8 +172,8 @@ bool IsSupportedDepthTextureEncoding(const ShaderTextureResource& descriptor, bo
 	constexpr uint32_t htile_control = 0x00280000u;
 	const uint32_t expected_control  = htile_control | (descriptor.MsaaDepth() ? (1u << 10u) : 0u);
 	const auto     metadata_addr     = descriptor.MetaAddr() << 8u;
-	return metadata_control == expected_control && metadata_addr != 0 &&
-	       metadata_addr < TRACKER_ADDRESS_SIZE && (metadata_addr & 0x7fffu) == 0 &&
+	return metadata_control == expected_control && GuestRange {metadata_addr, 1}.Valid() &&
+	       (metadata_addr & 0x7fffu) == 0 &&
 	       descriptor.TileMode() == Prospero::TileMode::kDepth;
 }

@@ -335,8 +311,10 @@ void ValidateStorageTexture(const ShaderRecompiler::IR::ImageResource& resource,
 	const bool raw_sint_storage = format == Prospero::BufferFormat::k32SInt && uint_resource &&
 	                              resource.written && !resource.read && !resource.atomic;
 	const auto numeric_class = Prospero::SampledTextureNumericClass(format);
+	const bool raw_float_atomic = format == Prospero::BufferFormat::k32Float && uint_resource &&
+	                              resource.atomic;
 	const bool format_ok =
-	    raw_sint_storage ||
+	    raw_sint_storage || raw_float_atomic ||
 	    (numeric_class != Prospero::TextureNumericClass::Unsupported &&
 	     numeric_class != Prospero::TextureNumericClass::Sint &&
 	     uint_resource == (numeric_class == Prospero::TextureNumericClass::Uint) &&
@@ -512,19 +490,50 @@ static ImageViewInfo TextureViewInfo(const ShaderRecompiler::IR::ImageResource&
 	return view;
 }

-static bool TextureViewPreservesMipLayout(const TileSurfaceDescription& description,
-                                          uint32_t                      view_levels) {
+static bool ResolveTextureMipView(const TileSurfaceDescription& description, bool metadata,
+                                   uint32_t view_levels, uint32_t& levels, uint32_t& base_level) {
 	TileSurfaceLayout physical {};
 	TileSurfaceLayout view {};
 	auto              view_description = description;
-	view_description.levels            = view_levels;
-	return TileGetTiledTextureLayout(description, physical) &&
-	       TileGetTiledTextureLayout(view_description, view) &&
-	       physical.first_tail_level == view.first_tail_level &&
-	       physical.block_slice_size == view.block_slice_size &&
-	       physical.total_size == view.total_size &&
-	       std::equal(std::begin(physical.mips), std::begin(physical.mips) + description.levels,
-	                  std::begin(view.mips));
+	view_description.levels            = levels;
+	if (!TileGetTiledTextureLayout(description, physical) ||
+	    !TileGetTiledTextureLayout(view_description, view)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (physical.first_tail_level == view.first_tail_level &&
+	    physical.block_slice_size == view.block_slice_size &&
+	    physical.total_size == view.total_size &&
+	    std::equal(std::begin(physical.mips), std::begin(physical.mips) + description.levels,
+	               std::begin(view.mips))) {
+		return true;
+	}
+	if (metadata || ((description.layers > 1 || description.depth > 1) &&
+	                 physical.block_slice_size != view.block_slice_size)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	// T# addresses the last mip. A view can select the same stored subresources
+	// with different mip indices; inaccessible mips need no host representation.
+	for (uint32_t base = 0; base + view_levels <= description.levels; ++base) {
+		bool matches = true;
+		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < view_levels; ++i) {
+			const auto source = base_level + i;
+			const auto target = base + i;
+			if (physical.mips[target] != view.mips[source] ||
+			    (target >= physical.first_tail_level) != (source >= view.first_tail_level) ||
+			    std::max(description.width >> target, 1u) != std::max(description.width >> source, 1u) ||
+			    std::max(description.height >> target, 1u) != std::max(description.height >> source, 1u) ||
+			    std::max(description.depth >> target, 1u) != std::max(description.depth >> source, 1u)) {
+				matches = false;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (matches) {
+			levels     = description.levels;
+			base_level = base;
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+	return false;
 }

 TextureBinding RenderExecutor::ResolveTexture(const ShaderRecompiler::IR::ImageResource&   resource,
@@ -558,7 +567,7 @@ TextureBinding RenderExecutor::ResolveTexture(const ShaderRecompiler::IR::ImageR
 	const auto view_levels = multisampled || single_storage_mip
 	                             ? 1u
 	                             : static_cast<uint32_t>(last_level - base_level) + 1u;
-	const auto levels =
+	auto levels =
 	    multisampled ? 1u : std::max(physical_levels, base_level + view_levels);
 	const auto tile       = descriptor.TileMode();
 	const bool depth_tile = tile == Prospero::TileMode::kDepth;
@@ -600,12 +609,13 @@ TextureBinding RenderExecutor::ResolveTexture(const ShaderRecompiler::IR::ImageR
 	                             type == Prospero::ImageType::kColor2DArray ||
 	                             type == Prospero::ImageType::kColor2DMsaaArray;
 	const auto    image_layers = layered ? depth : 1u;
+	auto          view_base    = static_cast<uint32_t>(base_level);
 	if (levels > physical_levels) {
 		const TileSurfaceDescription physical {
 		    format, tile, volume ? TileSurfaceDimension::Dim3D : TileSurfaceDimension::Dim2D,
 		    width, height, volume ? depth : 1u, physical_levels, image_layers};
-		// Texture mip views take precedence over the resource count, but must keep its storage layout.
-		if (!TextureViewPreservesMipLayout(physical, levels)) {
+		if (!ResolveTextureMipView(physical, !resource.r128 && descriptor.MetaCompress(),
+		                           view_levels, levels, view_base)) {
 			EXIT("unsupported texture mip view changes physical layout: base=%u last=%u max=%u "
 			     "extent=%ux%ux%u tile=%u\n",
 			     base_level, last_level, max_mip, width, height, depth,
@@ -640,7 +650,8 @@ TextureBinding RenderExecutor::ResolveTexture(const ShaderRecompiler::IR::ImageR
 			pixel_format = depth_format->depth_attachment_format;
 		}
 	}
-	const auto storage_view_format = storage && format == Prospero::BufferFormat::k32SInt
+	const auto storage_view_format = storage && (resource.atomic ||
+	                                            format == Prospero::BufferFormat::k32SInt)
 	                                     ? vk::Format::eR32Uint
 	                                     : SrgbStorageViewFormat(pixel_format);
 	const auto view_format         = storage && storage_view_format != vk::Format::eUndefined
@@ -676,6 +687,7 @@ TextureBinding RenderExecutor::ResolveTexture(const ShaderRecompiler::IR::ImageR
 	}
 	desc.view_info = TextureViewInfo(resource, descriptor, view_format, surface_format, storage,
 	                                 view_levels, desc.info.resources.layers);
+	desc.view_info.base_level = view_base;
 	desc.type = storage ? TextureCache::BindingType::Storage : TextureCache::BindingType::Texture;

 	auto       id                  = texture_cache.FindImage(desc, shader_conversion);
@@ -702,14 +714,15 @@ static vk::Sampler NativeSampler(RenderContext&                       context,
                                 const ShaderRecompiler::IR::CompiledShaderInfo& program,
                                 uint32_t index,
                                 const ShaderRecompiler::IR::DescriptorValue& value) {
-	auto descriptor = DecodeNativeDescriptor<ShaderSamplerResource>(value);
-	if (!program.info.samplers[index].depth_compare) {
+	auto        descriptor = DecodeNativeDescriptor<ShaderSamplerResource>(value);
+	const auto& sampler = program.info.samplers[index];
+	if (!sampler.depth_compare) {
 		descriptor.fields[0] &= ~(0x7u << 12u);
 	}
-	if (program.info.samplers[index].force_point_filtering) {
+	if (sampler.force_point_filtering) {
 		descriptor.SetPointFiltering();
 	}
-	return context.GetSamplerCache().GetSampler(descriptor);
+	return context.GetSamplerCache().GetSampler(descriptor, sampler.integer_border);
 }

 static vk::DescriptorBufferInfo NativeUpload(RenderContext&            context,
@@ -795,9 +808,14 @@ void RenderExecutor::FindBuffers(PreparedBindings& prepared) {
 	auto&       cache    = m_context.GetBufferCache();

 	prepared.buffer_sources.clear();
-	prepared.buffer_sources.reserve(program.info.buffers.size());
-	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < program.info.buffers.size(); i++) {
-		auto descriptor = DecodeNativeDescriptor<ShaderBufferResource>(snapshot.buffers[i]);
+	const auto& layout = program.bindings;
+	if (layout.memory_offset_count == 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+	const auto& resources = layout.descriptors.front().resources;
+	prepared.buffer_sources.reserve(resources.size());
+	for (const auto resource: resources) {
+		auto descriptor = DecodeNativeDescriptor<ShaderBufferResource>(snapshot.buffers[resource]);
 		const auto address = descriptor.Base48();
 		const auto requested_size = descriptor.GetSize();
 		if (address == 0 || requested_size == 0) {
@@ -815,10 +833,10 @@ void RenderExecutor::RebindBuffers(PreparedBindings& prepared) {
 	const auto& program   = *prepared.runtime->program;
 	const auto& snapshot  = *prepared.runtime->resources;
 	const auto& layout    = program.bindings;
-	EXIT_IF(prepared.buffer_sources.size() != program.info.buffers.size());
+	EXIT_IF(prepared.buffer_sources.size() != layout.memory_offset_count);

 	prepared.buffers.clear();
-	prepared.buffers.reserve(program.info.buffers.size());
+	prepared.buffers.reserve(layout.memory_offset_count);
 	EXIT_IF(prepared.shader_data.size() != layout.ShaderDataDwords());
 	std::fill(prepared.shader_data.begin() + layout.memory_offset_dword,
 	          prepared.shader_data.end(), 0);
@@ -827,10 +845,11 @@ void RenderExecutor::RebindBuffers(PreparedBindings& prepared) {
 		const auto shift = (index % 4u) * 8u;
 		prepared.shader_data[dword] |= offset << shift;
 	};
-	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < program.info.buffers.size(); i++) {
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < layout.memory_offset_count; i++) {
+		const auto resource = layout.descriptors.front().resources[i];
 		uint32_t buffer_offset = 0;
 		prepared.buffers.push_back(NativeStorageBuffer(m_context, prepared.buffer_sources[i],
-		                                               program.info.buffers[i], program.stage, i,
+		                                               program.info.buffers[resource],
 		                                               buffer_offset));
 		pack_memory_offset(i, buffer_offset);
 	}
@@ -1042,8 +1061,8 @@ void RenderExecutor::CommitBindings(CommandBuffer&                     buffer,
 			} else {
 				switch (binding.kind) {
 					case BindingKind::Buffers:
-						for (const auto resource: binding.resources) {
-							const auto& view = descriptors.buffers.at(resource);
+						EXIT_IF(descriptors.buffers.size() != binding.resources.size());
+						for (const auto& view: descriptors.buffers) {
 							EXIT_IF(view.buffer == nullptr);
 							m_descriptor_buffers.push_back(view);
 						}
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "common/file.h"
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/profiler.h"
+#include "common/threads.h"
 #include "graphics/guest_gpu/hardwareContext.h"
 #include "graphics/host_gpu/renderer/colorRenderTarget.h"
 #include "graphics/host_gpu/renderer/debug.h"
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@
 #include <span>
 #include <spirv-tools/libspirv.hpp>
 #include <string_view>
-#include <tuple>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 #include <xxhash.h>
@@ -116,33 +116,22 @@ void DumpShaderSpirv(const char* stage_name, uint64_t shader_hash,
 }

 void DumpShaderOriginal(const char* stage_name, uint64_t shader_hash,
-                        std::span<const uint32_t> code, const std::string& decoded_dump) {
+                        std::span<const uint32_t> code) {
 	if (!Config::GraphicsDebugDumpEnabled()) {
 		return;
 	}
 	EXIT_IF(code.empty());
 	static std::atomic_int id = 0;
-	const auto base = Config::GetShaderLogFolder() / "original" /
-	                  fmt::format("{:04d}_new_shader_{}_{:016x}", id++, stage_name, shader_hash);
-	Common::File::CreateDirectories(base.parent_path());
-	for (const auto& [suffix, data, size]: {
-	         std::tuple {".bin", static_cast<const void*>(code.data()), code.size_bytes()},
-	         std::tuple {".rdna2", static_cast<const void*>(decoded_dump.data()),
-	                     decoded_dump.size()},
-	     }) {
-		if (size == 0) {
-			continue;
-		}
-		auto path = base;
-		path += suffix;
-		Common::File file(path);
-		if (file.IsInvalid()) {
-			const auto path_text = Common::PathToString(path);
-			LOGF_COLOR(Log::Color::BrightRed, "Can't create file: %s\n", path_text.c_str());
-		} else {
-			file.Write(data, size);
-		}
+	const auto path = Config::GetShaderLogFolder() / "original" /
+	                  fmt::format("{:04d}_new_shader_{}_{:016x}.bin", id++, stage_name, shader_hash);
+	Common::File::CreateDirectories(path.parent_path());
+	Common::File file(path);
+	if (file.IsInvalid()) {
+		const auto path_text = Common::PathToString(path);
+		LOGF_COLOR(Log::Color::BrightRed, "Can't create file: %s\n", path_text.c_str());
+		return;
 	}
+	file.Write(code.data(), code.size_bytes());
 }

 bool ValidateShaderSpirv(const char* label, uint64_t shader_hash,
@@ -177,6 +166,32 @@ bool ValidateShaderSpirv(const char* label, uint64_t shader_hash,

 } // namespace

+std::size_t PipelineCache::GraphicsPipelineKeyHash::operator()(const GraphicsPipelineKey& key) const {
+	std::size_t hash = 0;
+	PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.rendering.color_count);
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < key.rendering.color_count; i++) {
+		PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, static_cast<uint32_t>(key.rendering.color_formats[i]));
+	}
+	PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, static_cast<uint32_t>(key.rendering.depth_format));
+	PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, static_cast<uint32_t>(key.rendering.stencil_format));
+	for (const auto id: key.vertex_shader_ids) {
+		PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, id);
+	}
+	PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.ps_shader_id);
+	PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.vertex_input.binding_count);
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < key.vertex_input.binding_count; i++) {
+		PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.vertex_input.bindings[i].stride);
+		PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.vertex_input.bindings[i].instance);
+	}
+	PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.vertex_input.attribute_count);
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < key.vertex_input.attribute_count; i++) {
+		PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.vertex_input.attributes[i].offset);
+		PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.vertex_input.attributes[i].binding);
+	}
+	PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, XXH3_64bits(&key.static_params, sizeof(key.static_params)));
+	return hash;
+}
+
 struct PipelineCache::ProgramCache {
 	struct ProgramKey {
 		ShaderType            stage           = ShaderType::Unknown;
@@ -218,32 +233,20 @@ struct PipelineCache::ProgramCache {
 			PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.code_size);
 			PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.static_state.size());
 			// Bucket same-shape static variants by source. ProgramKey equality performs the one
-			// exact state comparison needed on a stable hit without hashing up to 429 words first.
+			// exact state comparison needed on a stable hit without hashing the full state first.
 			return hash;
 		}
 	};

-	static constexpr std::size_t MaxStaticKeyWords = 13 + ShaderVertexInputInfo::RES_MAX * 13;
+	static constexpr std::size_t MaxStaticKeyWords = 32 + ShaderVertexInputInfo::RES_MAX * 6;

-	Permutation CompilePermutation(const ShaderParams&                          params,
+	Permutation CompilePermutation(const char*                                  stage_name,
 	                               const ShaderRecompiler::CompileOptions&      options,
 	                               ShaderRecompiler::TranslateResult            translated,
 	                               ShaderRecompiler::IR::ResourceSpecialization specialization,
 	                               uint32_t push_data_start_dword) {
-		const char* stage_name = nullptr;
-		switch (options.stage) {
-			case ShaderType::Vertex: stage_name = "vs"; break;
-			case ShaderType::Mesh: stage_name = "ms"; break;
-			case ShaderType::Local: stage_name = "ls"; break;
-			case ShaderType::TessellationControl: stage_name = "hs"; break;
-			case ShaderType::TessellationEvaluation: stage_name = "ds"; break;
-			case ShaderType::Pixel: stage_name = "ps"; break;
-			case ShaderType::Compute: stage_name = "cs"; break;
-			default: EXIT("invalid pipeline shader stage\n");
-		}
 		auto result = ShaderRecompiler::CompileProgram(std::move(translated), options,
 		                                               specialization, push_data_start_dword);
-		DumpShaderOriginal(stage_name, options.shader_hash, params.code, result.decoded_dump);
 		if (!ValidateShaderSpirv(options.dump_label, options.shader_hash, result.spirv)) {
 			DumpShaderSpirv(stage_name, options.shader_hash, result.spirv);
 			EXIT("%s failed hash=0x%016" PRIx64 ": SPIR-V validation failed\n", options.dump_label,
@@ -321,14 +324,15 @@ struct PipelineCache::ProgramCache {
 			stage_input.compute = &input_info;
 		}
 		const char* label = nullptr;
+		const char* stage_name = nullptr;
 		switch (stage) {
-			case ShaderType::Vertex: label = "ShaderRecompiler VS"; break;
-			case ShaderType::Mesh: label = "ShaderRecompiler MS"; break;
-			case ShaderType::Local: label = "ShaderRecompiler LS"; break;
-			case ShaderType::TessellationControl: label = "ShaderRecompiler HS"; break;
-			case ShaderType::TessellationEvaluation: label = "ShaderRecompiler DS"; break;
-			case ShaderType::Pixel: label = "ShaderRecompiler PS"; break;
-			case ShaderType::Compute: label = "ShaderRecompiler CS"; break;
+			case ShaderType::Vertex: label = "ShaderRecompiler VS"; stage_name = "vs"; break;
+			case ShaderType::Mesh: label = "ShaderRecompiler MS"; stage_name = "ms"; break;
+			case ShaderType::Local: label = "ShaderRecompiler LS"; stage_name = "ls"; break;
+			case ShaderType::TessellationControl: label = "ShaderRecompiler HS"; stage_name = "hs"; break;
+			case ShaderType::TessellationEvaluation: label = "ShaderRecompiler DS"; stage_name = "ds"; break;
+			case ShaderType::Pixel: label = "ShaderRecompiler PS"; stage_name = "ps"; break;
+			case ShaderType::Compute: label = "ShaderRecompiler CS"; stage_name = "cs"; break;
 			default: EXIT("invalid pipeline shader stage\n");
 		}
 		ShaderRecompiler::CompileOptions options;
@@ -351,6 +355,7 @@ struct PipelineCache::ProgramCache {
 		} else {
 			options.wave_size = input_info.wave_size;
 		}
+		DumpShaderOriginal(stage_name, options.shader_hash, params.code);
 		auto translated = ShaderRecompiler::TranslateProgram(params.code, options);
 		if (translated.skip_dispatch) {
 			entry = programs.try_emplace(lookup_key, ShaderRecompiler::IR::ResourcePlan {}).first;
@@ -365,7 +370,7 @@ struct PipelineCache::ProgramCache {
 			    entry->second.specialization));
 		}
 		entry->second.permutations.push_back(CompilePermutation(
-		    params, options, std::move(translated), entry->second.specialization, push_data_cursor));
+		    stage_name, options, std::move(translated), entry->second.specialization, push_data_cursor));
 		const auto& permutation = entry->second.permutations.back();
 		input_info.stage = {.program = &permutation.program, .resources = &entry->second.resources};
 		permutation.program.bindings.AdvancePushData(push_data_cursor);
@@ -514,7 +519,6 @@ void PipelineCache::InitializeDriverCache() {
 }

 void PipelineCache::Save() {
-	Common::LockGuard lock(m_mutex);
 	if (m_driver_cache == nullptr) {
 		return;
 	}
@@ -636,7 +640,6 @@ PipelineCache::GraphicsPrograms PipelineCache::GetGraphicsPrograms(
 		    static_cast<float>(std::min(limits.maxViewportDimensions[1], 16384u)) * 0.5f;
 		clip.enabled = true;
 	}
-	Common::LockGuard lock(m_mutex);
 	uint32_t          push_data_cursor =
 	    mesh_active ? ShaderRecompiler::IR::PushData::MeshDrawDwordCount : 0;
 	GraphicsPrograms  result;
@@ -654,7 +657,6 @@ ShaderProgram PipelineCache::GetComputeProgram(const HW::ComputeShaderInfo& regs
                                               ShaderComputeInputInfo&      input_info) {
 	input_info.host_subgroup_size = m_graphics.SupportsComputeWave64() ? 64u : 32u;
 	const auto        params      = PrepareProgram(regs, sh, input_info);
-	Common::LockGuard lock(m_mutex);
 	uint32_t          push_data_cursor = 0;
 	return m_program_cache->Get(params, input_info, push_data_cursor);
 }
@@ -679,7 +681,6 @@ PipelineCache::Pipeline& PipelineCache::GetGraphicsPipeline(
 	EXIT_IF(ps_active && !pixel_program);
 	const auto color_count = static_cast<uint32_t>(colors.size());

-	Common::LockGuard lock(m_mutex);
 	auto&             ctx = command.GetRegisters();

 	const HW::ModeControl& mc = ctx.GetModeControl();
@@ -783,24 +784,20 @@ PipelineCache::Pipeline& PipelineCache::GetGraphicsPipeline(
 		        vs_input_info.resources_num > ShaderVertexInputInfo::RES_MAX);
 		key.vertex_input.binding_count   = static_cast<uint8_t>(vs_input_info.buffers_num);
 		key.vertex_input.attribute_count = static_cast<uint8_t>(vs_input_info.resources_num);
-		uint32_t attributes_num          = 0;
 		for (int binding = 0; binding < vs_input_info.buffers_num; binding++) {
 			const auto& buffer = vs_input_info.buffers[binding];
-			EXIT_IF(buffer.attr_num < 0 || buffer.attr_num > ShaderVertexInputBuffer::ATTR_MAX);
-			attributes_num += static_cast<uint32_t>(buffer.attr_num);
-			EXIT_IF(attributes_num > static_cast<uint32_t>(vs_input_info.resources_num));
 			key.vertex_input.bindings[binding] = {.stride   = buffer.stride,
 			                                      .instance = buffer.fetch_index != 0};
-			for (int attribute = 0; attribute < buffer.attr_num; attribute++) {
-				const auto index = buffer.attr_indices[attribute];
-				EXIT_IF(index < 0 || index >= vs_input_info.resources_num);
-				key.vertex_input.attributes[index] = {
-				    .offset  = buffer.attr_offsets[attribute],
-				    .binding = static_cast<uint8_t>(binding),
-				};
-			}
 		}
-		EXIT_IF(attributes_num != static_cast<uint32_t>(vs_input_info.resources_num));
+		for (int attribute = 0; attribute < vs_input_info.resources_num; attribute++) {
+			const auto binding = vs_input_info.resources_dst[attribute].buffer_index;
+			EXIT_IF(binding < 0 || binding >= vs_input_info.buffers_num);
+			key.vertex_input.attributes[attribute] = {
+			    .offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(vs_input_info.resources[attribute].Base48() -
+			                                    vs_input_info.buffers[binding].addr),
+			    .binding = static_cast<uint8_t>(binding),
+			};
+		}
 	}

 	if (auto iter = m_graphics_pipelines.find(key); iter != m_graphics_pipelines.end()) {
@@ -839,8 +836,6 @@ PipelineCache::GetComputePipeline(const ShaderComputeInputInfo& input_info,

 	EXIT_IF(!compute_program);

-	Common::LockGuard lock(m_mutex);
-
 	if (auto iter = m_compute_pipelines.find(compute_program.id);
 	    iter != m_compute_pipelines.end()) {
 		return *iter->second;
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include "common/abi.h"
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/common.h"
-#include "common/threads.h"
 #include "graphics/host_gpu/renderer/renderTarget.h"
 #include "graphics/host_gpu/vulkanCommon.h"
 #include "graphics/shader/shader.h"
@@ -103,6 +102,7 @@ struct ShaderProgram {
 	explicit operator bool() const { return id != 0 && module != nullptr; }
 };

+// The owning renderer serializes access, including saves while the GPU is running.
 class PipelineCache {
 public:
 	explicit PipelineCache(GraphicContext& graphics);
@@ -166,45 +166,10 @@ private:
 			hash ^= value + static_cast<std::size_t>(0x9e3779b97f4a7c15ull) + (hash << 6u) +
 			        (hash >> 2u);
 		}
-
-		static void MixStaticParams(std::size_t& hash, const PipelineStaticParameters& params) {
-			const auto* bytes = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(&params);
-			for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(params); i++) {
-				Mix(hash, bytes[i]);
-			}
-		}
-
-		static void MixRendering(std::size_t& hash, const PipelineRenderingState& rendering) {
-			Mix(hash, rendering.color_count);
-			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < rendering.color_count; i++) {
-				Mix(hash, static_cast<uint32_t>(rendering.color_formats[i]));
-			}
-			Mix(hash, static_cast<uint32_t>(rendering.depth_format));
-			Mix(hash, static_cast<uint32_t>(rendering.stencil_format));
-		}
 	};

 	struct GraphicsPipelineKeyHash {
-		std::size_t operator()(const GraphicsPipelineKey& key) const {
-			std::size_t hash = 0;
-			PipelineKeyHash::MixRendering(hash, key.rendering);
-			for (const auto id: key.vertex_shader_ids) {
-				PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, id);
-			}
-			PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.ps_shader_id);
-			PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.vertex_input.binding_count);
-			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < key.vertex_input.binding_count; i++) {
-				PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.vertex_input.bindings[i].stride);
-				PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.vertex_input.bindings[i].instance);
-			}
-			PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.vertex_input.attribute_count);
-			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < key.vertex_input.attribute_count; i++) {
-				PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.vertex_input.attributes[i].offset);
-				PipelineKeyHash::Mix(hash, key.vertex_input.attributes[i].binding);
-			}
-			PipelineKeyHash::MixStaticParams(hash, key.static_params);
-			return hash;
-		}
+		std::size_t operator()(const GraphicsPipelineKey& key) const;
 	};

 	GraphicContext&               m_graphics;
@@ -214,7 +179,6 @@ private:
 	std::unordered_map<GraphicsPipelineKey, std::unique_ptr<Pipeline>, GraphicsPipelineKeyHash>
 	                                                        m_graphics_pipelines;
 	std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::unique_ptr<Pipeline>> m_compute_pipelines;
-	Common::Mutex m_mutex;

 	void InitializeDriverCache();
 };
@@ -249,8 +249,8 @@ static void LogDrawInputState(const CommandBuffer& buffer, const RenderColorInfo
 	for (int bi = 0; bi < vs_input_info.buffers_num; bi++) {
 		const auto& b = vs_input_info.buffers[bi];
 		LOGF("DrawInputState[%u]: vb[%d] addr=0x%010" PRIx64
-		     " stride=%u records=%u fetch_index=%u attr_num=%d\n",
-		     log_id, bi, b.addr, b.stride, b.num_records, b.fetch_index, b.attr_num);
+		     " stride=%u records=%u fetch_index=%u\n",
+		     log_id, bi, b.addr, b.stride, b.num_records, b.fetch_index);

 		const auto* bytes = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(b.addr);
 		if (bytes != nullptr && b.stride != 0) {
@@ -272,11 +272,13 @@ static void LogDrawInputState(const CommandBuffer& buffer, const RenderColorInfo
 				     raw[5], raw[6], raw[7], raw[8], flt[0], flt[1], flt[2], flt[3], flt[4], flt[5],
 				     flt[6], flt[7], flt[8]);

-				for (int ai = 0; ai < b.attr_num; ai++) {
-					const auto  res_index = b.attr_indices[ai];
-					const auto& r         = vs_input_info.resources[res_index];
-					const auto& rd        = vs_input_info.resources_dst[res_index];
-					const auto  offset    = b.attr_offsets[ai];
+				for (int ai = 0; ai < vs_input_info.resources_num; ai++) {
+					const auto& r  = vs_input_info.resources[ai];
+					const auto& rd = vs_input_info.resources_dst[ai];
+					if (rd.buffer_index != bi) {
+						continue;
+					}
+					const auto offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(r.Base48() - b.addr);
 					if (offset + 4u <= b.stride &&
 					    r.Format() == Prospero::BufferFormat::k8_8_8_8UNorm) {
 						uint32_t packed = 0;
@@ -296,14 +298,16 @@ static void LogDrawInputState(const CommandBuffer& buffer, const RenderColorInfo
 			}
 		}

-		for (int ai = 0; ai < b.attr_num; ai++) {
-			const auto  res_index = b.attr_indices[ai];
-			const auto& r         = vs_input_info.resources[res_index];
-			const auto& rd        = vs_input_info.resources_dst[res_index];
-			LOGF("DrawInputState[%u]: attr[%d] res=%d offset=%u dst=v%d regs=%d fetch_index=%u "
+		for (int ai = 0; ai < vs_input_info.resources_num; ai++) {
+			const auto& r  = vs_input_info.resources[ai];
+			const auto& rd = vs_input_info.resources_dst[ai];
+			if (rd.buffer_index != bi) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			LOGF("DrawInputState[%u]: attr[%d] offset=%u dst=v%d regs=%d fetch_index=%u "
 			     "sharp=%08" PRIx32 " %08" PRIx32 " %08" PRIx32 " %08" PRIx32 "\n",
-			     log_id, ai, res_index, b.attr_offsets[ai], rd.register_start, rd.registers_num,
-			     rd.fetch_index, r.fields[0], r.fields[1], r.fields[2], r.fields[3]);
+			     log_id, ai, static_cast<uint32_t>(r.Base48() - b.addr), rd.register_start,
+			     rd.registers_num, rd.fetch_index, r.fields[0], r.fields[1], r.fields[2], r.fields[3]);
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -575,12 +579,17 @@ RenderState RenderExecutor::AcquireRenderTargets(CommandBuffer& buffer, RenderCo
 	return state;
 }

-static bool DrawHasActivePixelShader(const CommandBuffer& buffer) {
-	const auto& ctx              = buffer.GetRegisters();
-	const auto& sh_regs          = ctx.GetShaderRegisters();
-	const bool  has_color_output = (ctx.GetRenderTargetMask() & sh_regs.m_cbShaderMask) != 0;
-	return buffer.GetShaders().GetPs().ps_regs.data_addr != 0 &&
-	       (has_color_output || PixelShaderHasDepthOrCoverageSideEffects(sh_regs));
+static uint32_t DrawColorOutputMask(const HW::Context& ctx) {
+	const auto& sh_regs     = ctx.GetShaderRegisters();
+	const auto  write_mask  = ctx.GetRenderTargetMask() & sh_regs.m_cbShaderMask;
+	uint32_t    output_mask = 0;
+	for (uint32_t slot = 0; slot < RENDER_COLOR_ATTACHMENTS_MAX; slot++) {
+		if (sh_regs.target_output_mode[slot] != 0 &&
+		    render_target_mask_slot(write_mask, slot) != 0) {
+			output_mask |= 1u << slot;
+		}
+	}
+	return output_mask;
 }

 enum class CbColorMode : uint8_t {
@@ -625,19 +634,22 @@ struct PreparedIndexBuffer {
 	vk::IndexType  type   = vk::IndexType::eUint16;
 };

-static uint64_t VertexBufferDescriptorSize(const ShaderVertexInputBuffer& buffer,
-                                           const ShaderVertexInputInfo& info) {
+static uint64_t VertexBufferDescriptorSize(int binding, const ShaderVertexInputInfo& info) {
+	const auto& buffer = info.buffers[binding];
 	if (buffer.stride != 0 || buffer.num_records == 0) {
 		return static_cast<uint64_t>(buffer.stride) * buffer.num_records;
 	}

 	uint64_t size = 0;
-	for (int i = 0; i < buffer.attr_num; i++) {
-		const auto& resource = info.resources[buffer.attr_indices[i]];
+	for (int i = 0; i < info.resources_num; i++) {
+		if (info.resources_dst[i].buffer_index != binding) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		const auto& resource = info.resources[i];
 		// RDNA2 OOB_SELECT=2 only checks NumRecords != 0. A constant attribute still
 		// fetches its entire format; NumRecords is not a byte count in this mode.
 		const uint64_t extent = resource.OutOfBounds() == 2
-		                            ? static_cast<uint64_t>(buffer.attr_offsets[i]) +
+		                            ? resource.Base48() - buffer.addr +
 		                                  ShaderRecompiler::Format::GetFormatInfo(resource.Format()).byte_size
 		                            : buffer.num_records;
 		size = std::max(size, extent);
@@ -674,7 +686,7 @@ static PreparedVertexBuffers AcquireVertexBuffers(CommandBuffer&               b
 	uint32_t                                                      range_count = 0;
 	for (int i = 0; i < vs_input_info.buffers_num; i++) {
 		const auto& vertex = vs_input_info.buffers[i];
-		const auto  size   = VertexBufferDescriptorSize(vertex, vs_input_info);
+		const auto  size   = VertexBufferDescriptorSize(i, vs_input_info);
 		sizes[i]           = size;
 		if (size == 0) {
 			continue;
@@ -713,9 +725,6 @@ static PreparedVertexBuffers AcquireVertexBuffers(CommandBuffer&               b
 		    Libs::LibKernel::Memory::ClampRangeSize(range.base_address, range.RequestedSize());
 		range.acquired_end = range.base_address + size;
 		range.binding      = cache.ObtainBuffer(range.base_address, size, false);
-		SetVulkanObjectNameF(
-		    buffer.GetContext().GetGraphics().device, range.binding.first->Handle(),
-		    "Kyty.VertexBufferRange[guest=0x{:016x} size=0x{:x}]", range.base_address, size);
 	}

 	// Rebuild slot bindings, offsetting non-empty slots into their acquired merged range.
@@ -747,10 +756,6 @@ static PreparedVertexBuffers AcquireVertexBuffers(CommandBuffer&               b
 		prepared.buffers[i] = range->binding.first->Handle();
 		prepared.offsets[i] = range->binding.second + vertex.addr - range->base_address;
 		prepared.sizes[i]   = std::min(size, range->acquired_end - vertex.addr);
-		SetVulkanObjectNameF(
-		    buffer.GetContext().GetGraphics().device, prepared.buffers[i],
-		    "Kyty.VertexBuffer[slot={} guest=0x{:016x} size=0x{:x} stride={} records={}]", i,
-		    vertex.addr, size, vertex.stride, vertex.num_records);
 	}

 	return prepared;
@@ -847,7 +852,7 @@ static bool ResolvePrimitiveRestart(const CommandBuffer& buffer,
 }

 static void RefreshShaders(CommandBuffer& buffer, const DrawCallInfo& draw,
-                           DrawRenderState& state) {
+                           uint32_t color_output_mask, DrawRenderState& state) {
 	auto& ctx    = buffer.GetRegisters();
 	auto& sh_ctx = buffer.GetShaders();

@@ -861,7 +866,7 @@ static void RefreshShaders(CommandBuffer& buffer, const DrawCallInfo& draw,
 	    target_export_mapping {};
 	for (uint32_t slot = 0; slot < RENDER_COLOR_ATTACHMENTS_MAX; slot++) {
 		const auto& rt = ctx.GetRenderTarget(slot);
-		if (rt.base.addr != 0 && render_target_mask_slot(ctx.GetRenderTargetMask(), slot) != 0) {
+		if ((color_output_mask & (1u << slot)) != 0 && rt.base.addr != 0) {
 			target_export_mapping[slot] =
 			    TextureGetRenderTargetFormat(rt.info.format, rt.info.channel_type,
 			                                 rt.info.channel_order)
@@ -880,8 +885,12 @@ static void RefreshShaders(CommandBuffer& buffer, const DrawCallInfo& draw,
 bool RenderExecutor::PrepareDrawRenderState(CommandBuffer& buffer, const DrawCallInfo& draw,
                                            uint32_t            render_target_slice_offset,
 	                                        DrawRenderState& state) {
-	state.ps_active = DrawHasActivePixelShader(buffer);
-	RefreshShaders(buffer, draw, state);
+	const auto& shader_regs       = buffer.GetRegisters().GetShaderRegisters();
+	const auto  color_output_mask = DrawColorOutputMask(buffer.GetRegisters());
+	state.ps_active = buffer.GetShaders().GetPs().ps_regs.data_addr != 0 &&
+	                  (color_output_mask != 0 ||
+	                   PixelShaderHasDepthOrCoverageSideEffects(shader_regs));
+	RefreshShaders(buffer, draw, color_output_mask, state);
 	uint32_t mrt_mask = 0;
 	if (state.ps_active) {
 		for (const auto& output: state.ps_input_info.stage.program->info.outputs) {
@@ -890,6 +899,7 @@ bool RenderExecutor::PrepareDrawRenderState(CommandBuffer& buffer, const DrawCal
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	mrt_mask &= color_output_mask;
 	if (draw.IsIndexed()) {
 		LogDrawPhase(draw.Name(), "ResolveRenderColorTarget");
 	}
@@ -927,17 +937,11 @@ static PreparedIndexBuffer PrepareIndexBuffer(CommandBuffer&               buffe
 		auto& stream = buffer.GetContext().GetBufferCache().GetUtilityBuffer(MemoryUsage::Stream);
 		prepared.offset = stream.Copy(source.host_data, source.size, 16);
 		prepared.buffer = stream.Handle();
-		SetVulkanObjectNameF(buffer.GetContext().GetGraphics().device, prepared.buffer,
-		                     "Kyty.IndexBuffer[guest=transient size=0x{:x} type={}]", source.size,
-		                     static_cast<uint32_t>(source.type));
 	} else {
 		auto [buffer_ptr, offset] =
 		    buffer.GetContext().GetBufferCache().ObtainBuffer(source.address, source.size, false);
 		prepared.buffer = buffer_ptr->Handle();
 		prepared.offset = offset;
-		SetVulkanObjectNameF(buffer.GetContext().GetGraphics().device, prepared.buffer,
-		                     "Kyty.IndexBuffer[guest=0x{:016x} size=0x{:x} type={}]",
-		                     source.address, source.size, static_cast<uint32_t>(source.type));
 	}
 	return prepared;
 }
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ uint64_t PrepareVideoOutFlip(CommandBuffer& buffer, int handle, int index, int f
 			     "\n",
 			     result, handle, index, flip_mode, flip_arg);
 		}
-		video_out.WaitForSubmitSlot();
+		video_out.WaitForSubmitSlot(handle);
 	}
 }

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec2 uv;
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 color;
+layout(binding = 0) uniform sampler2D source;
+layout(push_constant) uniform AlphaControl {
+	uint premultiplied;
+};
+
+void main() {
+	color = texture(source, uv);
+	if (premultiplied == 0u) {
+		color.rgb *= color.a;
+	}
+}
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "common/common.h"

 #include <memory>
+#include <span>

 namespace Libs::Graphics {

@@ -15,6 +16,11 @@ struct WindowContext;
 class Presenter final {
 public:
 	struct Frame;
+	struct Layer {
+		Frame* frame;
+		int    bus;
+		bool   premultiplied_alpha;
+	};

 	explicit Presenter(WindowContext& window);
 	~Presenter();
@@ -23,11 +29,13 @@ public:
 	[[nodiscard]] Frame&         PrepareFrame(CommandBuffer& command, const ImageInfo& info);
 	[[nodiscard]] Frame&         PrepareBlankFrame(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, bool opaque,
 	                                               CommandBuffer* producer = nullptr);
-	[[nodiscard]] Frame*         PrepareLastFrame();
+	[[nodiscard]] bool           PresentLastFrame();
 	[[nodiscard]] bool           IsGuestPaused() const noexcept;
 	[[nodiscard]] bool           NeedsSystemOverlayRefresh() const noexcept;
 	[[nodiscard]] RenderContext& Renderer() const noexcept;
-	void                         Present(Frame& frame, bool reuse = false);
+	void                         Present(Frame& frame);
+	void                         Present(std::span<const Layer> layers);
+	void                         ClearLayer(int bus);
 	void                         Discard(Frame& frame);

 private:
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ constexpr int      VIDEO_OUT_BUS_TYPE_OVERLAY                           = 1;
 constexpr int      VIDEO_OUT_BUS_TYPE_SUB                               = 2;
 constexpr int      VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_MODE_VSYNC                            = 1;
 constexpr int      VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_MODE_VSYNC_MULTI                      = 4;
+constexpr int      VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_MODE_SLAVE                            = 8;
+constexpr int      VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_MODE_MASTER                           = 9;
 constexpr int      VIDEO_OUT_BUFFER_INDEX_BLACK                         = -2;
 constexpr int      VIDEO_OUT_BUFFER_INDEX_BLANK                         = -1;
 constexpr int      VIDEO_OUT_BUFFER_NUM_MAX                             = 16;
@@ -63,6 +65,7 @@ constexpr uint64_t VIDEO_OUT_REFRESH_RATE_119_88HZ                      = 13;
 constexpr int      VIDEO_OUT_BUFFER_ATTRIBUTE_CATEGORY_UNCOMPRESSED     = 0;
 constexpr int      VIDEO_OUT_BUFFER_ATTRIBUTE_CATEGORY_COMPRESSED       = 1;
 constexpr uint64_t VIDEO_OUT_BUFFER_ATTRIBUTE_OPTION_STRICT_COLORIMETRY = 8;
+constexpr uint64_t VIDEO_OUT_BUFFER_ATTRIBUTE_OPTION_ALPHA_PREMULTIPLIED = 32;

 enum class VideoOutEventKind : uintptr_t {
 	Flip           = VIDEO_OUT_EVENT_FLIP,
@@ -183,6 +186,9 @@ struct VideoOutConfig {
 	uint64_t                            generation  = 0;
 	bool                                opened      = false;
 	bool                                closing     = false;
+	int                                 bus         = 0;
+	VideoOutConfig*                     master      = nullptr;
+	uint32_t                            slave_count = 0;
 	int                                 flip_rate   = 0;
 	uint64_t                            output_mode = VIDEO_OUT_OUTPUT_MODE_DEFAULT;
 	float                               gamma       = 1.0f;
@@ -206,7 +212,7 @@ public:
 	void Cancel(VideoOutConfig& cfg);
 	void Prepare(uint64_t request_id, Graphics::CommandBuffer& buffer);
 	void Complete(uint64_t request_id);
-	void WaitForSubmitSlot();
+	void WaitForSubmitSlot(VideoOutConfig& cfg);
 	bool Flip(uint32_t micros);
 	void GetFlipStatus(VideoOutConfig& cfg, VideoOutFlipStatus& out);
 	void Wait(VideoOutConfig& cfg, int index);
@@ -216,7 +222,9 @@ private:

 	struct Request {
 		uint64_t                    id;
+		uint64_t                    group;
 		VideoOutConfig*             cfg;
+		VideoOutConfig*             master;
 		uint64_t                    generation;
 		int                         index;
 		int64_t                     flip_arg;
@@ -224,6 +232,7 @@ private:
 		FlipRequestSource           source;
 		RequestState                state;
 		Graphics::Presenter::Frame* frame;
+		bool                        premultiplied_alpha;
 	};

 	Graphics::Presenter& m_presenter;
@@ -258,6 +267,7 @@ public:
 	VideoOutConfig* Get(int handle);
 	VideoOutConfig* Get(int handle, uint64_t& generation);
 	bool            IsOpened(int handle);
+	int             SetFlipMaster(int slave_handle, int master_handle);

 	void                     Init(uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
 	FlipQueue&               GetFlipQueue() { return m_flip_queue; }
@@ -498,7 +508,8 @@ static bool IsSpecialBufferIndex(int index) {
 }

 static bool IsValidFlipMode(int mode) {
-	return mode >= VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_MODE_VSYNC && mode <= VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_MODE_VSYNC_MULTI;
+	return (mode >= VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_MODE_VSYNC && mode <= VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_MODE_VSYNC_MULTI) ||
+	       mode == VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_MODE_SLAVE || mode == VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_MODE_MASTER;
 }

 static int ReserveFlipRequest(VideoOutDriver::Impl& driver, int handle, int index, int flip_mode,
@@ -508,13 +519,17 @@ static int ReserveFlipRequest(VideoOutDriver::Impl& driver, int handle, int inde
 		return VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
 	}
 	if (!IsValidFlipMode(flip_mode)) {
-		return VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE;
+		return VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_FLIP_MODE;
 	}
 	if (!IsValidBufferIndex(index)) {
 		return VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_INDEX;
 	}

 	Common::LockGuard lock(video_out->mutex);
+	if ((video_out->master != nullptr) != (flip_mode == VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_MODE_SLAVE) ||
+	    (video_out->slave_count != 0) != (flip_mode == VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_MODE_MASTER)) {
+		return VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_FLIP_MODE;
+	}
 	if (video_out->closing ||
 	    (!IsSpecialBufferIndex(index) && !video_out->buffers[index].Occupied())) {
 		return VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_INDEX;
@@ -532,8 +547,8 @@ Graphics::ImageInfo BufferAttributeGroup::ImageInfo(const VideoOutBuffer& buffer
 	if (attribute.reserved0 != 0 || attribute.aspect_ratio != 0 || attribute.width == 0 ||
 	    attribute.height == 0 || attribute.width > 16384 || attribute.height > 16384 ||
 	    attribute.pitch_in_pixel != 0 ||
-	    (attribute.option != 0 &&
-	     attribute.option != VIDEO_OUT_BUFFER_ATTRIBUTE_OPTION_STRICT_COLORIMETRY) ||
+	    (attribute.option & ~(VIDEO_OUT_BUFFER_ATTRIBUTE_OPTION_STRICT_COLORIMETRY |
+	                          VIDEO_OUT_BUFFER_ATTRIBUTE_OPTION_ALPHA_PREMULTIPLIED)) != 0 ||
 	    attribute.tiling_mode != 0 || attribute.pad0 != 0 || attribute.reserved1[0] != 0 ||
 	    attribute.reserved1[1] != 0 || attribute.reserved1[2] != 0 || buffer.data_address == 0 ||
 	    compression == Graphics::VideoOutCompression::Unsupported) {
@@ -616,6 +631,11 @@ VideoOutDriver::Impl::~Impl() {
 		m_present_thread.request_stop();
 		m_present_thread.join();
 	}
+	for (int handle = 1; handle < VIDEO_OUT_NUM_MAX; handle++) {
+		if (m_video_out_ctx[handle].master != nullptr) {
+			(void)Close(handle);
+		}
+	}
 	for (int handle = 1; handle < VIDEO_OUT_NUM_MAX; handle++) {
 		(void)Close(handle);
 	}
@@ -660,6 +680,7 @@ int VideoOutDriver::Impl::Open(int bus_type, int index) {

 	config.closing = false;
 	config.opened  = true;
+	config.bus     = bus_type;
 	if (++config.generation == 0) {
 		EXIT("video-out port generation wrapped\n");
 	}
@@ -686,11 +707,13 @@ bool VideoOutDriver::Impl::Close(int handle) {
 	VideoOutEventQueues pre_vblank_events;
 	VideoOutEventQueues vblank_events;
 	VideoOutEventQueues output_mode_events;
+	VideoOutConfig* master = nullptr;
 	{
 		Common::LockGuard config_lock(config.mutex);
 		if (config.closing) {
 			return false;
 		}
+		EXIT_IF(config.slave_count != 0);
 		config.opened  = false;
 		config.closing = true;
 		if (++config.generation == 0) {
@@ -703,7 +726,9 @@ bool VideoOutDriver::Impl::Close(int handle) {
 			vblank_events      = std::move(config.events->vblank);
 			output_mode_events = std::move(config.events->output_mode);
 		}
-		config.flip_rate = 0;
+		config.flip_rate   = 0;
+		master             = config.master;
+		config.master      = nullptr;

 		for (const auto& buffer: config.buffers) {
 			if (buffer.Occupied() &&
@@ -720,8 +745,12 @@ bool VideoOutDriver::Impl::Close(int handle) {
 		}
 		config.vblank_cond.SignalAll();
 	}
-
+	if (master != nullptr) {
+		Common::LockGuard master_lock(master->mutex);
+		master->slave_count--;
+	}
 	m_flip_queue.Cancel(config);
+	m_presenter.ClearLayer(config.bus);
 	DeleteVideoOutEvents(flip_events, VideoOutEventKind::Flip);
 	DeleteVideoOutEvents(pre_vblank_events, VideoOutEventKind::PreVblankStart);
 	DeleteVideoOutEvents(vblank_events, VideoOutEventKind::Vblank);
@@ -759,6 +788,31 @@ bool VideoOutDriver::Impl::IsOpened(int handle) {
 	return handle > 0 && handle < VIDEO_OUT_NUM_MAX && m_video_out_ctx[handle].opened;
 }

+int VideoOutDriver::Impl::SetFlipMaster(int slave_handle, int master_handle) {
+	Common::LockGuard lock(m_mutex);
+	if (slave_handle <= 0 || slave_handle >= VIDEO_OUT_NUM_MAX ||
+	    master_handle <= 0 || master_handle >= VIDEO_OUT_NUM_MAX ||
+	    !m_video_out_ctx[slave_handle].opened || !m_video_out_ctx[master_handle].opened) {
+		return VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+	}
+	auto& slave  = m_video_out_ctx[slave_handle];
+	auto& master = m_video_out_ctx[master_handle];
+	if (&slave == &master) {
+		return VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
+	}
+	Common::LockGuard first_lock(m_video_out_ctx[std::min(slave_handle, master_handle)].mutex);
+	Common::LockGuard second_lock(m_video_out_ctx[std::max(slave_handle, master_handle)].mutex);
+	if (slave.master != nullptr || slave.slave_count != 0 || master.master != nullptr) {
+		return VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
+	}
+	if (slave.flip_status.flipPendingNum != 0 || master.flip_status.flipPendingNum != 0) {
+		return VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_RESOURCE_BUSY;
+	}
+	slave.master = &master;
+	master.slave_count++;
+	return OK;
+}
+
 void VideoOutDriver::Impl::VblankBegin() {
 	Common::LockGuard lock(m_mutex);

@@ -821,9 +875,7 @@ void VideoOutDriver::Impl::PresentThread(std::stop_token token) {
 		const auto period  = std::max(frequency / refresh, uint64_t {1});

 		if (m_presenter.IsGuestPaused()) {
-			if (auto* frame = m_presenter.PrepareLastFrame(); frame != nullptr) {
-				m_presenter.Present(*frame, true);
-			}
+			(void)m_presenter.PresentLastFrame();
 			const auto frame_end = Common::Timer::QueryPerformanceCounter();
 			total_wait +=
 			    static_cast<int64_t>(period) - static_cast<int64_t>(frame_end - frame_begin);
@@ -833,8 +885,7 @@ void VideoOutDriver::Impl::PresentThread(std::stop_token token) {
 		VblankBegin();
 		bool presented = m_flip_queue.Flip(0);
 		if (!presented && m_presenter.NeedsSystemOverlayRefresh()) {
-			if (auto* frame = m_presenter.PrepareLastFrame(); frame != nullptr) {
-				m_presenter.Present(*frame, true);
+			if (m_presenter.PresentLastFrame()) {
 				presented = true;
 			} else {
 				uint32_t width  = 0;
@@ -877,25 +928,57 @@ bool FlipQueue::Reserve(VideoOutConfig& cfg, int index, int64_t flip_arg, FlipRe
                        uint64_t& request_id) {
 	Common::LockGuard lock(m_mutex);

-	if (m_requests.size() + m_cpu_requests.size() >= VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_QUEUE_CAPACITY) {
+	// A newer slave request replaces the one not yet captured by a master flip.
+	if (cfg.master != nullptr) {
+		for (auto* queue: {&m_requests, &m_cpu_requests}) {
+			for (auto it = queue->begin(); it != queue->end();) {
+				if (it->cfg != &cfg || it->group != 0) {
+					++it;
+					continue;
+				}
+				cfg.flip_status.flipPendingNum--;
+				cfg.flip_status.gcQueueNum -= it->source == FlipRequestSource::GpuEop;
+				if (it->state == RequestState::Ready) {
+					m_presenter.Discard(*it->frame);
+					it = queue->erase(it);
+				} else {
+					auto cancelled = it++;
+					m_cancelled_requests.splice(m_cancelled_requests.end(), *queue, cancelled);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		m_done_cond_var.SignalAll();
+	}
+	if (cfg.flip_status.flipPendingNum >= VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_QUEUE_CAPACITY) {
 		return false;
 	}
 	auto& pending = source == FlipRequestSource::GpuEop ? m_requests : m_cpu_requests;

 	Request r {};
 	r.id         = m_next_request_id++;
+	r.group      = cfg.master == nullptr ? r.id : 0;
 	r.cfg        = &cfg;
+	r.master     = cfg.master;
 	r.generation = cfg.generation;
 	r.index      = index;
 	r.flip_arg   = flip_arg;
 	r.submit_ptc = LibKernel::KernelGetProcessTimeCounter();
 	r.source     = source;
 	r.state      = RequestState::Reserved;
+	if (cfg.slave_count != 0) {
+		for (auto* queue: {&m_requests, &m_cpu_requests}) {
+			for (auto& slave: *queue) {
+				if (slave.master == &cfg && slave.group == 0) {
+					slave.group = r.id;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}

 	pending.push_back(r);
 	request_id = r.id;

-	cfg.flip_status.flipPendingNum = static_cast<int>(m_requests.size() + m_cpu_requests.size());
+	cfg.flip_status.flipPendingNum++;
 	cfg.flip_status.submitProcessTimeCounter = r.submit_ptc;
 	if (source == FlipRequestSource::GpuEop) {
 		cfg.flip_status.gcQueueNum++;
@@ -917,7 +1000,9 @@ FlipQueue::~FlipQueue() {
 void FlipQueue::Cancel(VideoOutConfig& cfg) {
 	std::vector<Graphics::Presenter::Frame*> frames;
 	m_mutex.Lock();
-	while (m_processing && !m_requests.empty() && m_requests.front().cfg == &cfg) {
+	while (m_processing && std::any_of(m_requests.begin(), m_requests.end(), [&cfg](const auto& r) {
+		       return r.cfg == &cfg && r.state == RequestState::Presenting;
+	       })) {
 		m_done_cond_var.Wait(&m_mutex);
 	}
 	for (auto* queue: {&m_requests, &m_cpu_requests}) {
@@ -991,6 +1076,7 @@ void FlipQueue::Prepare(uint64_t request_id, Graphics::CommandBuffer& buffer) {
 	uint32_t            width   = 0;
 	uint32_t            height  = 0;
 	bool                current = false;
+	bool                premultiplied_alpha = false;
 	{
 		Common::LockGuard lock(cfg->mutex);
 		current = cfg->opened && !cfg->closing && cfg->generation == generation;
@@ -1012,6 +1098,9 @@ void FlipQueue::Prepare(uint64_t request_id, Graphics::CommandBuffer& buffer) {
 					     request_id, index, surface.group_index);
 				}
 				source_info = cfg->groups[surface.group_index].ImageInfo(surface);
+				premultiplied_alpha =
+				    (cfg->groups[surface.group_index].attribute.option &
+				     VIDEO_OUT_BUFFER_ATTRIBUTE_OPTION_ALPHA_PREMULTIPLIED) != 0;
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -1051,6 +1140,7 @@ void FlipQueue::Prepare(uint64_t request_id, Graphics::CommandBuffer& buffer) {
 		EXIT("video-out request changed while recording, id=%" PRIu64 "\n", request_id);
 	}
 	prepared->frame = frame;
+	prepared->premultiplied_alpha = premultiplied_alpha;
 }

 void FlipQueue::Complete(uint64_t request_id) {
@@ -1082,9 +1172,12 @@ void FlipQueue::Complete(uint64_t request_id) {
 	}
 }

-void FlipQueue::WaitForSubmitSlot() {
+void FlipQueue::WaitForSubmitSlot(VideoOutConfig& cfg) {
 	Common::LockGuard lock(m_mutex);
-	while (m_requests.size() + m_cpu_requests.size() >= VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_QUEUE_CAPACITY) {
+	auto belongs_to_port = [&cfg](const auto& request) { return request.cfg == &cfg; };
+	while (std::count_if(m_requests.begin(), m_requests.end(), belongs_to_port) +
+	           std::count_if(m_cpu_requests.begin(), m_cpu_requests.end(), belongs_to_port) >=
+	       VIDEO_OUT_FLIP_QUEUE_CAPACITY) {
 		if (m_requests.empty()) {
 			EXIT("video-out queue is saturated by CPU flips queued behind the current EOP\n");
 		}
@@ -1111,75 +1204,90 @@ bool FlipQueue::Flip(uint32_t micros) {
 	m_mutex.Lock();
 	if (m_requests.empty()) {
 		m_submit_cond_var.WaitFor(&m_mutex, micros);
-
-		if (m_requests.empty()) {
-			m_mutex.Unlock();
-			return false;
-		}
 	}
-	if (m_processing) {
-		EXIT("video-out flip queue processing is already active\n");
-	}
-	if (m_requests.front().state != RequestState::Ready) {
+	EXIT_IF(m_processing);
+	const auto owner = std::find_if(m_requests.begin(), m_requests.end(),
+	                               [](const auto& r) { return r.group == r.id; });
+	if (owner == m_requests.end()) {
 		m_mutex.Unlock();
 		return false;
 	}
-	m_processing = true;
-	auto r       = m_requests.front();
-	m_mutex.Unlock();
-
-	r.cfg->mutex.Lock();
-	if (!IsFlipDueLocked(*r.cfg, r.generation)) {
-		r.cfg->mutex.Unlock();
-		Common::LockGuard queue_lock(m_mutex);
-		m_processing = false;
-		m_done_cond_var.SignalAll();
+	const uint64_t group = owner->id;
+	if (std::any_of(m_cpu_requests.begin(), m_cpu_requests.end(),
+	                [group](const auto& r) { return r.group == group; }) ||
+	    std::any_of(m_requests.begin(), m_requests.end(), [group](const auto& r) {
+		    return r.group == group && r.state != RequestState::Ready;
+	    })) {
+		m_mutex.Unlock();
 		return false;
 	}
-
-	m_mutex.Lock();
-	if (m_requests.empty() || m_requests.front().id != r.id ||
-	    m_requests.front().state != RequestState::Ready || !m_processing) {
-		EXIT("video-out request changed before presentation, id=%" PRIu64 "\n", r.id);
+	std::array<Request, VideoOutDriver::Impl::VIDEO_OUT_BUSES.size()> requests {};
+	size_t count = 0;
+	for (auto& request: m_requests) {
+		if (request.group == group) {
+			EXIT_IF(count == requests.size());
+			request.state = RequestState::Presenting;
+			requests[count++] = request;
+		}
 	}
-	m_requests.front().state = RequestState::Presenting;
+	m_processing = true;
 	m_mutex.Unlock();

-	m_presenter.Present(*r.frame);
+	// Lock each port in bus order, then present and complete the whole group at one Vblank.
+	std::sort(requests.begin(), requests.begin() + count,
+	          [](const auto& a, const auto& b) { return a.cfg->bus < b.cfg->bus; });
+	bool due = true;
+	std::array<Graphics::Presenter::Layer, VideoOutDriver::Impl::VIDEO_OUT_BUSES.size()> layers {};
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+		auto& r = requests[i];
+		r.cfg->mutex.Lock();
+		due &= r.cfg->opened && !r.cfg->closing && r.cfg->generation == r.generation;
+		if (r.id == group) {
+			due &= IsFlipDueLocked(*r.cfg, r.generation);
+		}
+		layers[i] = {r.frame, r.cfg->bus, r.premultiplied_alpha};
+	}
+	if (due) {
+		m_presenter.Present(std::span(layers.data(), count));
+	}

 	m_mutex.Lock();
-	if (m_requests.empty() || m_requests.front().id != r.id ||
-	    m_requests.front().state != RequestState::Presenting) {
-		EXIT("video-out flip queue changed while processing its front request\n");
+	for (auto it = m_requests.begin(); it != m_requests.end();) {
+		if (it->group != group) {
+			++it;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!due) {
+			it++->state = RequestState::Ready;
+			continue;
+		}
+		auto& r = *it;
+		r.cfg->flip_status.count++;
+		r.cfg->flip_status.processTime              = LibKernel::KernelGetProcessTime();
+		r.cfg->flip_status.processTimeCounter       = LibKernel::KernelGetProcessTimeCounter();
+		r.cfg->flip_status.submitProcessTimeCounter = r.submit_ptc;
+		r.cfg->flip_status.flipArg                  = r.flip_arg;
+		r.cfg->flip_status.currentBuffer            = r.index;
+		r.cfg->flip_status.flipPendingNum--;
+		r.cfg->flip_status.gcQueueNum -= r.source == FlipRequestSource::GpuEop;
+		TriggerVideoOutEvents(*r.cfg, VideoOutEventKind::Flip, reinterpret_cast<void*>(r.flip_arg));
+		it = m_requests.erase(it);
 	}
-	m_requests.pop_front();
-
-	r.cfg->flip_status.count++;
-	r.cfg->flip_status.processTime              = LibKernel::KernelGetProcessTime();
-	r.cfg->flip_status.processTimeCounter       = LibKernel::KernelGetProcessTimeCounter();
-	r.cfg->flip_status.submitProcessTimeCounter = r.submit_ptc;
-	r.cfg->flip_status.flipArg                  = r.flip_arg;
-	r.cfg->flip_status.currentBuffer            = r.index;
-	r.cfg->flip_status.flipPendingNum = static_cast<int>(m_requests.size() + m_cpu_requests.size());
-	if (r.source == FlipRequestSource::GpuEop && r.cfg->flip_status.gcQueueNum > 0) {
-		r.cfg->flip_status.gcQueueNum--;
-	}
-	TriggerVideoOutEvents(*r.cfg, VideoOutEventKind::Flip, reinterpret_cast<void*>(r.flip_arg));
-
 	m_processing = false;
 	m_done_cond_var.SignalAll();
-	m_submit_slot_cond_var.Signal();
+	m_submit_slot_cond_var.SignalAll();
 	m_mutex.Unlock();
-	r.cfg->mutex.Unlock();
-
-	Graphics::RenderDocOnGuestFlip(m_presenter.Renderer());
-
-	if (Config::GraphicsDebugDumpEnabled() &&
-	    Config::GetPrintfDirection() != Config::LogDirection::Silent) {
-		LOGF("Flip done: %d\n", r.index);
+	for (size_t i = count; i != 0; i--) {
+		requests[i - 1].cfg->mutex.Unlock();
 	}
-
-	return true;
+	if (due) {
+		Graphics::RenderDocOnGuestFlip(m_presenter.Renderer());
+		if (Config::GraphicsDebugDumpEnabled() &&
+		    Config::GetPrintfDirection() != Config::LogDirection::Silent) {
+			LOGF("Flip done: %d\n", requests[0].index);
+		}
+	}
+	return due;
 }

 void FlipQueue::GetFlipStatus(VideoOutConfig& cfg, VideoOutFlipStatus& out) {
@@ -1188,6 +1296,18 @@ void FlipQueue::GetFlipStatus(VideoOutConfig& cfg, VideoOutFlipStatus& out) {
 	out = cfg.flip_status;
 }

+KYTY_SYSV_ABI int VideoOutSetFlipMaster(int slave_handle, int master_handle) {
+	PRINT_NAME();
+	return DriverState().SetFlipMaster(slave_handle, master_handle);
+}
+
+KYTY_SYSV_ABI void VideoOutAddBufferAttributeOption(VideoOutBufferAttribute2* attribute,
+                                                   uint64_t option) {
+	PRINT_NAME();
+	EXIT_IF(attribute == nullptr);
+	attribute->option |= option;
+}
+
 KYTY_SYSV_ABI int VideoOutOpen(int user_id, int bus_type, int index, const void* param) {
 	PRINT_NAME();

@@ -1467,7 +1587,7 @@ KYTY_SYSV_ABI int VideoOutSubmitFlip(int handle, int index, int flip_mode, int64
 	uint64_t  request_id = 0;
 	const int result     = ReserveFlipRequest(DriverState(), handle, index, flip_mode, flip_arg,
 	                                          FlipRequestSource::Cpu, request_id);
-	if (result == VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE) {
+	if (result == VIDEO_OUT_ERROR_INVALID_FLIP_MODE) {
 		LOGF("\t unsupported flip_mode = %d\n", flip_mode);
 	}
 	if (result != OK) {
@@ -1504,8 +1624,10 @@ void VideoOutDriver::CompleteFlip(uint64_t request_id) {
 	m_impl->GetFlipQueue().Complete(request_id);
 }

-void VideoOutDriver::WaitForSubmitSlot() {
-	m_impl->GetFlipQueue().WaitForSubmitSlot();
+void VideoOutDriver::WaitForSubmitSlot(int handle) {
+	auto* cfg = m_impl->Get(handle);
+	EXIT_IF(cfg == nullptr);
+	m_impl->GetFlipQueue().WaitForSubmitSlot(*cfg);
 }

 void VideoOutDriver::WaitFlipDone(int handle, int index) {
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ public:
 	void PrepareFlip(uint64_t request_id, Graphics::CommandBuffer& buffer);
 	void CompleteFlip(uint64_t request_id);
 	void SubmitFlipPreparation(uint64_t request_id);
-	void WaitForSubmitSlot();
+	void WaitForSubmitSlot(int handle);
 	void WaitFlipDone(int handle, int index);

 	[[nodiscard]] Impl& State() noexcept;
@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ void                          VideoOutShutdown();

 KYTY_SYSV_ABI int  VideoOutOpen(int user_id, int bus_type, int index, const void* param);
 KYTY_SYSV_ABI int  VideoOutClose(int handle);
+KYTY_SYSV_ABI int  VideoOutSetFlipMaster(int slave_handle, int master_handle);
+KYTY_SYSV_ABI void VideoOutAddBufferAttributeOption(VideoOutBufferAttribute2* attribute,
+                                                   uint64_t option);
 KYTY_SYSV_ABI void VideoOutSetBufferAttribute2(VideoOutBufferAttribute2* attribute,
                                               uint64_t pixel_format, uint32_t tiling_mode,
                                               uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint64_t option,
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include "common/logging/log.h"
 #include "common/profiler.h"
 #include "common/threads.h"
+#include "gpu_blit_shaders/gpu_blit_fs_triangle_spv.h"
+#include "gpu_blit_shaders/gpu_video_out_overlay_spv.h"
 #include "graphics/host_gpu/graphicContext.h"
 #include "graphics/host_gpu/renderer/render.h"
 #include "graphics/host_gpu/renderer/renderContext.h"
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@
 #include "graphics/presentation/window/windowInternal.h"

 #include <algorithm>
-#include <deque>
+#include <array>
 #include <limits>
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
@@ -25,10 +27,10 @@
 namespace Libs::Graphics {

 struct Presenter::Frame {
-	VulkanImage image;
-	uint64_t    present_tick = 0;
-	bool        busy         = false;
-	bool        reusing_last = false;
+	VulkanImage   image;
+	vk::ImageView view         = nullptr;
+	uint64_t      present_tick = 0;
+	bool          busy         = false;

 	void Configure(GraphicContext& graphics, vk::Extent2D extent, vk::Format format);
 	void Transit(vk::CommandBuffer command, vk::ImageLayout layout, vk::AccessFlags2 access);
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@ public:
 	~FramePool() {
 		m_scheduler.Wait(m_scheduler.CurrentTick() - 1);
 		for (auto& frame: m_frames) {
+			m_window.graphic_ctx.device.destroyImageView(frame->view, nullptr);
 			if (frame->image.image != nullptr) {
 				m_window.graphic_ctx.DeleteImage(frame->image);
 			}
@@ -60,6 +63,7 @@ public:
 		}
 		m_format = format;
 		m_frames.reserve(count);
+		m_free.reserve(count);
 		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
 			auto frame = std::make_unique<Presenter::Frame>();
 			m_free.push_back(frame.get());
@@ -83,60 +87,45 @@ public:
 		return m_format;
 	}

-	Presenter::Frame* Acquire() {
+	Presenter::Frame* Acquire(vk::Extent2D extent, vk::Format format) {
 		m_mutex.Lock();
 		if (m_frames.empty()) {
 			EXIT("prepared-frame pool was used before swapchain initialization\n");
 		}
-		while (m_free.empty()) {
-			m_available.Wait(&m_mutex);
+		// A synchronized flip may need more frames than the swapchain has images.
+		// Queue capacity bounds growth; waiting here can prevent its master from recording.
+		if (m_free.empty()) {
+			auto frame = std::make_unique<Presenter::Frame>();
+			m_free.push_back(frame.get());
+			m_frames.push_back(std::move(frame));
 		}
-		auto* frame = m_free.front();
-		m_free.pop_front();
+		const auto compatible = std::ranges::find_if(m_free, [&](const auto* frame) {
+			return frame->image.extent.width == extent.width &&
+			       frame->image.extent.height == extent.height && frame->image.format == format;
+		});
+		auto*      frame      = compatible == m_free.end() ? m_free.back() : *compatible;
+		if (compatible != m_free.end()) {
+			*compatible = m_free.back();
+		}
+		m_free.pop_back();
 		if (frame->busy) {
 			EXIT("prepared-frame pool returned an invalid frame\n");
 		}
-		if (m_last_frame == frame) {
-			m_last_frame = nullptr;
-		}
-		frame->busy         = true;
-		frame->reusing_last = false;
+		frame->busy = true;
 		m_mutex.Unlock();

-		WaitForFrame(*frame);
+		m_scheduler.Wait(frame->present_tick);
 		return frame;
 	}

-	Presenter::Frame* AcquireLast() {
-		m_mutex.Lock();
-		auto* frame = m_last_frame;
-		if (frame == nullptr) {
-			m_mutex.Unlock();
-			return nullptr;
-		}
-		auto free = std::find(m_free.begin(), m_free.end(), frame);
-		if (free == m_free.end() || frame->busy) {
-			m_mutex.Unlock();
-			EXIT("last submitted frame is not available for reuse\n");
-		}
-		m_free.erase(free);
-		m_last_frame        = nullptr;
-		frame->busy         = true;
-		frame->reusing_last = true;
-		m_mutex.Unlock();
-
-		WaitForFrame(*frame);
-		return frame;
-	}
-
-	void ValidateForPresent(Presenter::Frame* frame, bool reuse) {
+	void ValidateForPresent(Presenter::Frame* frame) {
 		Common::LockGuard lock(m_mutex);
-		if (frame == nullptr || !frame->busy || frame->reusing_last != reuse) {
+		if (frame == nullptr || !frame->busy) {
 			EXIT("prepared frame has invalid presentation ownership\n");
 		}
 	}

-	void Release(Presenter::Frame* frame, bool make_last = false) {
+	void Release(Presenter::Frame* frame) {
 		if (frame == nullptr) {
 			EXIT("cannot release a null prepared frame\n");
 		}
@@ -144,26 +133,17 @@ public:
 		if (!frame->busy) {
 			EXIT("prepared frame was released twice\n");
 		}
-		frame->busy         = false;
-		frame->reusing_last = false;
-		if (make_last) {
-			m_last_frame = frame;
-		}
+		frame->busy = false;
 		m_free.push_back(frame);
-		m_available.Signal();
 	}

 private:
-	void WaitForFrame(Presenter::Frame& frame) { m_scheduler.Wait(frame.present_tick); }
-
 	WindowContext&                                 m_window;
 	CommandScheduler&                              m_scheduler;
 	Common::Mutex                                  m_mutex;
-	Common::CondVar                                m_available;
 	std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Presenter::Frame>> m_frames;
-	std::deque<Presenter::Frame*>                  m_free;
-	Presenter::Frame*                              m_last_frame = nullptr;
-	vk::Format                                     m_format     = vk::Format::eUndefined;
+	std::vector<Presenter::Frame*>                 m_free;
+	vk::Format                                     m_format = vk::Format::eUndefined;
 };

 void Presenter::Frame::Configure(GraphicContext& graphics, vk::Extent2D extent, vk::Format format) {
@@ -181,13 +161,16 @@ void Presenter::Frame::Configure(GraphicContext& graphics, vk::Extent2D extent,
 	const auto features = graphics.GetFormatProperties(format).optimalTilingFeatures;
 	const auto required =
 	    vk::FormatFeatureFlagBits::eBlitSrc | vk::FormatFeatureFlagBits::eSampledImageFilterLinear |
-	    vk::FormatFeatureFlagBits::eTransferSrc | vk::FormatFeatureFlagBits::eTransferDst;
+	    vk::FormatFeatureFlagBits::eSampledImage | vk::FormatFeatureFlagBits::eTransferSrc |
+	    vk::FormatFeatureFlagBits::eTransferDst;
 	if ((features & required) != required) {
 		EXIT("prepared presentation format lacks optimal blit support: format=%d features=0x%x\n",
 		     static_cast<int>(format), static_cast<vk::FormatFeatureFlags::MaskType>(features));
 	}

 	if (dst.image != nullptr) {
+		graphics.device.destroyImageView(view, nullptr);
+		view = nullptr;
 		graphics.DeleteImage(dst);
 	}

@@ -200,7 +183,8 @@ void Presenter::Frame::Configure(GraphicContext& graphics, vk::Extent2D extent,
 	create.format        = format;
 	create.tiling        = vk::ImageTiling::eOptimal;
 	create.initialLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eUndefined;
-	create.usage = vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst;
+	create.usage = vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferSrc | vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eTransferDst |
+	               vk::ImageUsageFlagBits::eSampled;
 	create.sharingMode = vk::SharingMode::eExclusive;
 	create.samples     = vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1;
 	if (!graphics.CreateImage(create, dst)) {
@@ -258,7 +242,6 @@ void Presenter::Frame::CopyFrom(CommandBuffer& command_buffer, Image& source) {
 	EXIT_IF(copy.srcSubresource.layerCount != copy.dstSubresource.layerCount);
 	command.copyImage(source.backing.image, vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal, image.image,
 	                  vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal, copy);
-	Transit(command, vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal, vk::AccessFlagBits2::eTransferRead);
 }

 void Presenter::Frame::Clear(CommandBuffer& command_buffer, const vk::ClearColorValue& color) {
@@ -267,7 +250,6 @@ void Presenter::Frame::Clear(CommandBuffer& command_buffer, const vk::ClearColor
 	Transit(command, vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal, vk::AccessFlagBits2::eTransferWrite);
 	const vk::ImageSubresourceRange range {vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor, 0, 1, 0, 1};
 	command.clearColorImage(image.image, vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal, &color, 1, &range);
-	Transit(command, vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal, vk::AccessFlagBits2::eTransferRead);
 }

 class Swapchain final {
@@ -283,9 +265,9 @@ public:
 	[[nodiscard]] bool   NeedsResize() const;
 	[[nodiscard]] Status AcquireNextImage();
 	[[nodiscard]] bool   PrepareSystemOverlay();
-	void                 RecordPresentCommands(CommandBuffer& command, VulkanImage& source,
-	                                           bool draw_system_overlay);
-	uint64_t             Submit(CommandScheduler& scheduler);
+	void     RecordPresentCommands(CommandBuffer& command, Presenter::Frame* source,
+	                               const Presenter::Layer& overlay, bool draw_system_overlay);
+	uint64_t Submit(CommandScheduler& scheduler);
 	[[nodiscard]] Status Present();

 	[[nodiscard]] uint32_t ImageCount() const noexcept {
@@ -295,20 +277,25 @@ public:

 private:
 	void Destroy();
+	void DrawOverlay(vk::CommandBuffer command, const Presenter::Layer& layer);

-	WindowContext&              m_window;
-	vk::SwapchainKHR            m_handle = nullptr;
-	vk::Format                  m_format = vk::Format::eUndefined;
-	vk::Extent2D                m_extent {};
+	WindowContext&   m_window;
+	vk::SwapchainKHR m_handle = nullptr;
+	vk::Format       m_format = vk::Format::eUndefined;
+	vk::Extent2D     m_extent {};
 	// Drawable pixel size observed when this swapchain was created.
-	vk::Extent2D                m_window_extent {};
-	std::vector<vk::Image>      m_images;
-	std::vector<vk::ImageView>  m_image_views;
-	std::vector<vk::Semaphore>  m_image_acquired;
-	std::vector<vk::Semaphore>  m_render_complete;
+	vk::Extent2D                   m_window_extent {};
+	std::vector<vk::Image>         m_images;
+	std::vector<vk::ImageView>     m_image_views;
+	std::vector<vk::Semaphore>     m_image_acquired;
+	std::vector<vk::Semaphore>     m_render_complete;
 	std::unique_ptr<SystemOverlay> m_system_overlay;
-	uint32_t                    m_image_index = static_cast<uint32_t>(-1);
-	uint32_t                    m_frame_index = 0;
+	vk::DescriptorSetLayout        m_overlay_descriptors = nullptr;
+	vk::PipelineLayout             m_overlay_layout      = nullptr;
+	vk::Pipeline                   m_overlay_pipeline    = nullptr;
+	vk::Sampler                    m_overlay_sampler     = nullptr;
+	uint32_t                       m_image_index         = static_cast<uint32_t>(-1);
+	uint32_t                       m_frame_index         = 0;
 };

 struct Presenter::Impl {
@@ -347,12 +334,15 @@ struct Presenter::Impl {
 		cache.UpdateImage(image_id);
 		return image;
 	}
+	void Present();

 	RenderContext&        renderer;
 	WindowContext&        window;
 	Swapchain             swapchain;
 	CommandScheduler      present_scheduler;
 	FramePool             frames;
+	Common::Mutex         present_mutex;
+	std::array<Layer, 2>  layers {};
 	std::atomic<uint64_t> presented_overlay_revision {0};
 };

@@ -370,7 +360,7 @@ void Swapchain::Create() {
 	EXIT_IF(m_window_extent.width == 0);
 	EXIT_IF(m_window_extent.height == 0);
 	m_window.RefreshSurfaceCapabilities();
-	const auto&       surface = m_window.surface_capabilities;
+	const auto& surface = m_window.surface_capabilities;
 	EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(surface.formats.empty());

 	m_extent = surface.capabilities.currentExtent;
@@ -442,7 +432,7 @@ void Swapchain::Create() {
 		LOGF("warning: requested present mode is unavailable; falling back to Fifo\n");
 		create_info.presentMode = vk::PresentModeKHR::eFifo;
 	}
-	create_info.clipped          = VK_TRUE;
+	create_info.clipped = VK_TRUE;
 	RequireVulkanSuccess(graphics.device.createSwapchainKHR(&create_info, nullptr, &m_handle),
 	                     "vkCreateSwapchainKHR");
 	EXIT_IF(m_handle == nullptr);
@@ -483,8 +473,8 @@ void Swapchain::Create() {
 		    graphics.device.createSemaphore(&semaphore_info, nullptr, &m_render_complete[i]),
 		    "create swapchain render-complete semaphore");
 	}
-	m_image_index   = static_cast<uint32_t>(-1);
-	m_frame_index   = 0;
+	m_image_index = static_cast<uint32_t>(-1);
+	m_frame_index = 0;
 }

 Swapchain::~Swapchain() {
@@ -505,6 +495,14 @@ void Swapchain::Destroy() {
 	if (m_system_overlay != nullptr) {
 		m_system_overlay->ReleaseVulkan();
 	}
+	graphics.device.destroyPipeline(m_overlay_pipeline, nullptr);
+	graphics.device.destroyPipelineLayout(m_overlay_layout, nullptr);
+	graphics.device.destroyDescriptorSetLayout(m_overlay_descriptors, nullptr);
+	graphics.device.destroySampler(m_overlay_sampler, nullptr);
+	m_overlay_pipeline    = nullptr;
+	m_overlay_layout      = nullptr;
+	m_overlay_descriptors = nullptr;
+	m_overlay_sampler     = nullptr;

 	for (const auto semaphore: m_image_acquired) {
 		if (semaphore != nullptr) {
@@ -544,8 +542,8 @@ void Swapchain::Recreate(bool surface_lost) {
 		// Surface recreation goes through SDL_Vulkan_CreateSurface, which touches the
 		// window's view/layer and must run on the main thread on macOS.
 		EXIT_IF(!SDL_RunOnMainThread(
-		    [](void* window) { static_cast<WindowContext*>(window)->RecreateSurface(); },
-		    &m_window, true));
+		    [](void* window) { static_cast<WindowContext*>(window)->RecreateSurface(); }, &m_window,
+		    true));
 #else
 		m_window.RecreateSurface();
 #endif
@@ -592,14 +590,147 @@ bool Swapchain::PrepareSystemOverlay() {
 	return m_system_overlay->PrepareFrame(m_extent, m_format, ImageCount());
 }

-void Swapchain::RecordPresentCommands(CommandBuffer& command, VulkanImage& source,
-                                      bool draw_system_overlay) {
-	if (source.state.layout != vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal) {
-		EXIT("invalid prepared presentation image, vk_image=%p layout=%d\n",
-		     static_cast<void*>(source.image), static_cast<int>(source.state.layout));
+void Swapchain::DrawOverlay(vk::CommandBuffer command, const Presenter::Layer& layer) {
+	auto device = m_window.graphic_ctx.device;
+	if (m_overlay_pipeline == nullptr) {
+		vk::SamplerCreateInfo sampler {};
+		sampler.magFilter    = vk::Filter::eLinear;
+		sampler.minFilter    = vk::Filter::eLinear;
+		sampler.addressModeU = vk::SamplerAddressMode::eClampToEdge;
+		sampler.addressModeV = vk::SamplerAddressMode::eClampToEdge;
+		sampler.addressModeW = vk::SamplerAddressMode::eClampToEdge;
+		RequireVulkanSuccess(device.createSampler(&sampler, nullptr, &m_overlay_sampler),
+		                     "create video-out overlay sampler");
+		const vk::DescriptorSetLayoutBinding binding {0, vk::DescriptorType::eCombinedImageSampler,
+		                                              1, vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eFragment};
+		vk::DescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo    descriptors {};
+		descriptors.flags        = vk::DescriptorSetLayoutCreateFlagBits::ePushDescriptorKHR;
+		descriptors.bindingCount = 1;
+		descriptors.pBindings    = &binding;
+		RequireVulkanSuccess(
+		    device.createDescriptorSetLayout(&descriptors, nullptr, &m_overlay_descriptors),
+		    "create video-out overlay descriptor layout");
+		const vk::PushConstantRange alpha {vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eFragment, 0, sizeof(uint32_t)};
+		vk::PipelineLayoutCreateInfo layout {};
+		layout.setLayoutCount         = 1;
+		layout.pSetLayouts            = &m_overlay_descriptors;
+		layout.pushConstantRangeCount = 1;
+		layout.pPushConstantRanges    = &alpha;
+		RequireVulkanSuccess(device.createPipelineLayout(&layout, nullptr, &m_overlay_layout),
+		                     "create video-out overlay pipeline layout");
+		const auto vertex   = CompileSPV(GPU_BLIT_FS_TRIANGLE_SPV, device);
+		const auto fragment = CompileSPV(GPU_VIDEO_OUT_OVERLAY_SPV, device);
+		std::array<vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, 2> stages {};
+		stages[0].stage  = vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eVertex;
+		stages[0].module = vertex;
+		stages[0].pName  = "main";
+		stages[1].stage  = vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eFragment;
+		stages[1].module = fragment;
+		stages[1].pName  = "main";
+		vk::PipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo   vertex_input {};
+		vk::PipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo assembly {};
+		assembly.topology = vk::PrimitiveTopology::eTriangleList;
+		vk::PipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewport {};
+		viewport.viewportCount = 1;
+		viewport.scissorCount  = 1;
+		vk::PipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterization {};
+		rasterization.lineWidth = 1.0f;
+		vk::PipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisample {};
+		multisample.rasterizationSamples = vk::SampleCountFlagBits::e1;
+		vk::PipelineColorBlendAttachmentState attachment {};
+		attachment.blendEnable         = VK_TRUE;
+		attachment.srcColorBlendFactor = vk::BlendFactor::eOne;
+		attachment.dstColorBlendFactor = vk::BlendFactor::eOneMinusSrcAlpha;
+		attachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = vk::BlendFactor::eOne;
+		attachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = vk::BlendFactor::eOneMinusSrcAlpha;
+		attachment.colorWriteMask = vk::ColorComponentFlagBits::eR |
+		                            vk::ColorComponentFlagBits::eG |
+		                            vk::ColorComponentFlagBits::eB | vk::ColorComponentFlagBits::eA;
+		vk::PipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo blend {};
+		blend.attachmentCount = 1;
+		blend.pAttachments    = &attachment;
+		const std::array dynamic_states {vk::DynamicState::eViewport, vk::DynamicState::eScissor};
+		vk::PipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamic {};
+		dynamic.dynamicStateCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(dynamic_states.size());
+		dynamic.pDynamicStates    = dynamic_states.data();
+		vk::PipelineRenderingCreateInfo rendering {};
+		rendering.colorAttachmentCount    = 1;
+		rendering.pColorAttachmentFormats = &m_format;
+		vk::GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo create {};
+		create.pNext               = &rendering;
+		create.stageCount          = static_cast<uint32_t>(stages.size());
+		create.pStages             = stages.data();
+		create.pVertexInputState   = &vertex_input;
+		create.pInputAssemblyState = &assembly;
+		create.pViewportState      = &viewport;
+		create.pRasterizationState = &rasterization;
+		create.pMultisampleState   = &multisample;
+		create.pColorBlendState    = &blend;
+		create.pDynamicState       = &dynamic;
+		create.layout              = m_overlay_layout;
+		RequireVulkanSuccess(
+		    device.createGraphicsPipelines(nullptr, 1, &create, nullptr, &m_overlay_pipeline),
+		    "create video-out overlay pipeline");
+		device.destroyShaderModule(fragment, nullptr);
+		device.destroyShaderModule(vertex, nullptr);
 	}
+	auto& frame = *layer.frame;
+	if (frame.view == nullptr) {
+		vk::ImageViewCreateInfo view {};
+		view.image            = frame.image.image;
+		view.viewType         = vk::ImageViewType::e2D;
+		view.format           = frame.image.format;
+		view.subresourceRange = {vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor, 0, 1, 0, 1};
+		RequireVulkanSuccess(device.createImageView(&view, nullptr, &frame.view),
+		                     "create video-out overlay image view");
+	}
+	const vk::DescriptorImageInfo image {m_overlay_sampler, frame.view,
+	                                     vk::ImageLayout::eShaderReadOnlyOptimal};
+	vk::WriteDescriptorSet        write {};
+	write.dstBinding      = 0;
+	write.descriptorCount = 1;
+	write.descriptorType  = vk::DescriptorType::eCombinedImageSampler;
+	write.pImageInfo      = &image;
+	command.pushDescriptorSetKHR(vk::PipelineBindPoint::eGraphics, m_overlay_layout, 0, 1, &write);
+	const uint32_t premultiplied = layer.premultiplied_alpha;
+	command.pushConstants(m_overlay_layout, vk::ShaderStageFlagBits::eFragment, 0,
+	                      sizeof(premultiplied), &premultiplied);
+	command.bindPipeline(vk::PipelineBindPoint::eGraphics, m_overlay_pipeline);
+	vk::RenderingAttachmentInfo attachment {};
+	attachment.imageView   = m_image_views[m_image_index];
+	attachment.imageLayout = vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal;
+	attachment.loadOp      = vk::AttachmentLoadOp::eLoad;
+	attachment.storeOp     = vk::AttachmentStoreOp::eStore;
+	vk::RenderingInfo rendering {};
+	rendering.renderArea.extent    = m_extent;
+	rendering.layerCount           = 1;
+	rendering.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
+	rendering.pColorAttachments    = &attachment;
+	command.beginRendering(&rendering);
+	const vk::Viewport viewport {
+	    0.0f, 0.0f, static_cast<float>(m_extent.width), static_cast<float>(m_extent.height),
+	    0.0f, 1.0f};
+	const vk::Rect2D scissor {{0, 0}, m_extent};
+	command.setViewport(0, 1, &viewport);
+	command.setScissor(0, 1, &scissor);
+	command.draw(3, 1, 0, 0);
+	command.endRendering();
+}
+
+void Swapchain::RecordPresentCommands(CommandBuffer& command, Presenter::Frame* source,
+                                      const Presenter::Layer& overlay, bool draw_system_overlay) {
 	EXIT_IF(m_image_index >= m_images.size());
-	auto vk_command = command.Handle();
+	auto       vk_command      = command.Handle();
+	const bool draw_overlay    = overlay.frame != nullptr;
+	const bool draw_attachment = draw_overlay || draw_system_overlay;
+	if (source != nullptr) {
+		source->Transit(vk_command, vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal,
+		                vk::AccessFlagBits2::eTransferRead);
+	}
+	if (draw_overlay) {
+		overlay.frame->Transit(vk_command, vk::ImageLayout::eShaderReadOnlyOptimal,
+		                       vk::AccessFlagBits2::eShaderRead);
+	}

 	vk::ImageMemoryBarrier to_transfer {};
 	to_transfer.sType                           = vk::StructureType::eImageMemoryBarrier;
@@ -619,49 +750,68 @@ void Swapchain::RecordPresentCommands(CommandBuffer& command, VulkanImage& sourc
 	                           vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTransfer, vk::DependencyFlags {}, 0,
 	                           nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &to_transfer);

-	vk::ImageBlit region {};
-	region.srcSubresource.aspectMask     = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor;
-	region.srcSubresource.mipLevel       = 0;
-	region.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
-	region.srcSubresource.layerCount     = 1;
-	region.srcOffsets[1].x               = static_cast<int>(source.extent.width);
-	region.srcOffsets[1].y               = static_cast<int>(source.extent.height);
-	region.srcOffsets[1].z               = 1;
-	region.dstSubresource.aspectMask     = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor;
-	region.dstSubresource.mipLevel       = 0;
-	region.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
-	region.dstSubresource.layerCount     = 1;
-	region.dstOffsets[1].x               = static_cast<int>(m_extent.width);
-	region.dstOffsets[1].y               = static_cast<int>(m_extent.height);
-	region.dstOffsets[1].z               = 1;
-	vk_command.blitImage(source.image, vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal,
-	                     m_images[m_image_index], vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal, 1, &region,
-	                     vk::Filter::eLinear);
+	if (source != nullptr) {
+		vk::ImageBlit region {};
+		region.srcSubresource.aspectMask     = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor;
+		region.srcSubresource.mipLevel       = 0;
+		region.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
+		region.srcSubresource.layerCount     = 1;
+		region.srcOffsets[1].x               = static_cast<int>(source->image.extent.width);
+		region.srcOffsets[1].y               = static_cast<int>(source->image.extent.height);
+		region.srcOffsets[1].z               = 1;
+		region.dstSubresource.aspectMask     = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor;
+		region.dstSubresource.mipLevel       = 0;
+		region.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
+		region.dstSubresource.layerCount     = 1;
+		region.dstOffsets[1].x               = static_cast<int>(m_extent.width);
+		region.dstOffsets[1].y               = static_cast<int>(m_extent.height);
+		region.dstOffsets[1].z               = 1;
+		vk_command.blitImage(source->image.image, vk::ImageLayout::eTransferSrcOptimal,
+		                     m_images[m_image_index], vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal, 1,
+		                     &region, vk::Filter::eLinear);
+	} else {
+		const vk::ClearColorValue black {};
+		vk_command.clearColorImage(m_images[m_image_index], vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal,
+		                           &black, 1, &to_transfer.subresourceRange);
+	}

 	vk::ImageMemoryBarrier to_present {};
-	to_present.sType         = vk::StructureType::eImageMemoryBarrier;
-	to_present.srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferWrite;
-	to_present.dstAccessMask = draw_system_overlay ? vk::AccessFlagBits::eColorAttachmentRead |
-	                                                     vk::AccessFlagBits::eColorAttachmentWrite
-	                                               : vk::AccessFlagBits::eMemoryRead;
-	to_present.oldLayout     = vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal;
-	to_present.newLayout     = draw_system_overlay ? vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal
-	                                               : vk::ImageLayout::ePresentSrcKHR;
-	to_present.srcQueueFamilyIndex             = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
-	to_present.dstQueueFamilyIndex             = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
-	to_present.image                           = m_images[m_image_index];
+	to_present.sType               = vk::StructureType::eImageMemoryBarrier;
+	to_present.srcAccessMask       = vk::AccessFlagBits::eTransferWrite;
+	to_present.dstAccessMask       = draw_attachment ? vk::AccessFlagBits::eColorAttachmentRead |
+	                                                       vk::AccessFlagBits::eColorAttachmentWrite
+	                                                 : vk::AccessFlagBits::eMemoryRead;
+	to_present.oldLayout           = vk::ImageLayout::eTransferDstOptimal;
+	to_present.newLayout           = draw_attachment ? vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal
+	                                                 : vk::ImageLayout::ePresentSrcKHR;
+	to_present.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
+	to_present.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
+	to_present.image               = m_images[m_image_index];
 	to_present.subresourceRange.aspectMask     = vk::ImageAspectFlagBits::eColor;
 	to_present.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel   = 0;
 	to_present.subresourceRange.levelCount     = 1;
 	to_present.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
 	to_present.subresourceRange.layerCount     = 1;
-	vk_command.pipelineBarrier(
-	    vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTransfer,
-	    draw_system_overlay ? vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput
-	                        : vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eAllCommands,
-	    vk::DependencyFlagBits::eByRegion, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &to_present);
-	if (draw_system_overlay) {
-		m_system_overlay->Record(vk_command, m_image_views[m_image_index]);
+	vk_command.pipelineBarrier(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eTransfer,
+	                           draw_attachment ? vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput
+	                                           : vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eAllCommands,
+	                           vk::DependencyFlagBits::eByRegion, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1,
+	                           &to_present);
+	if (draw_attachment) {
+		if (draw_overlay) {
+			DrawOverlay(vk_command, overlay);
+			if (draw_system_overlay) {
+				to_present.srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eColorAttachmentWrite;
+				to_present.oldLayout     = vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal;
+				vk_command.pipelineBarrier(vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput,
+				                           vk::PipelineStageFlagBits::eColorAttachmentOutput,
+				                           vk::DependencyFlagBits::eByRegion, 0, nullptr, 0,
+				                           nullptr, 1, &to_present);
+			}
+		}
+		if (draw_system_overlay) {
+			m_system_overlay->Record(vk_command, m_image_views[m_image_index]);
+		}
 		to_present.srcAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eColorAttachmentWrite;
 		to_present.dstAccessMask = vk::AccessFlagBits::eMemoryRead;
 		to_present.oldLayout     = vk::ImageLayout::eColorAttachmentOptimal;
@@ -721,19 +871,18 @@ Presenter::~Presenter() = default;
 Presenter::Frame& Presenter::PrepareFrame(CommandBuffer& buffer, const ImageInfo& info) {
 	KYTY_PROFILER_FUNCTION();
 	EXIT_IF(buffer.IsInvalid());
-	auto*             frame = m_impl->frames.Acquire();
-	Common::LockGuard render_lock(m_impl->renderer.GetMutex());
-	auto&             image = m_impl->ResolveSurface(info);
-	if (image.backing.format == vk::Format::eUndefined) {
-		EXIT("unsupported presentation source, image=%p\n", static_cast<const void*>(&image));
-	}
-
 	auto frame_format = info.pixel_format;
 	switch (frame_format) {
 		case vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Srgb: frame_format = vk::Format::eR8G8B8A8Unorm; break;
 		case vk::Format::eB8G8R8A8Srgb: frame_format = vk::Format::eB8G8R8A8Unorm; break;
 		default: break;
 	}
+	auto* frame = m_impl->frames.Acquire({info.extent.width, info.extent.height}, frame_format);
+	Common::LockGuard render_lock(m_impl->renderer.GetMutex());
+	auto&             image = m_impl->ResolveSurface(info);
+	if (image.backing.format == vk::Format::eUndefined) {
+		EXIT("unsupported presentation source, image=%p\n", static_cast<const void*>(&image));
+	}
 	frame->Configure(m_impl->window.graphic_ctx,
 	                 {image.backing.extent.width, image.backing.extent.height}, frame_format);
 	frame->CopyFrom(buffer, image);
@@ -744,7 +893,7 @@ Presenter::Frame& Presenter::PrepareBlankFrame(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
                                               CommandBuffer* producer) {
 	KYTY_PROFILER_FUNCTION();
 	auto              format = m_impl->frames.GetFormat();
-	auto*             frame  = m_impl->frames.Acquire();
+	auto*             frame  = m_impl->frames.Acquire({width, height}, format);
 	Common::LockGuard render_lock(m_impl->renderer.GetMutex());
 	frame->Configure(m_impl->window.graphic_ctx, {width, height}, format);
 	vk::ClearColorValue clear {};
@@ -760,8 +909,13 @@ Presenter::Frame& Presenter::PrepareBlankFrame(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
 	return *frame;
 }

-Presenter::Frame* Presenter::PrepareLastFrame() {
-	return m_impl->frames.AcquireLast();
+bool Presenter::PresentLastFrame() {
+	Common::LockGuard lock(m_impl->present_mutex);
+	if (m_impl->layers[0].frame == nullptr && m_impl->layers[1].frame == nullptr) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	m_impl->Present();
+	return true;
 }

 bool Presenter::IsGuestPaused() const noexcept {
@@ -778,44 +932,76 @@ RenderContext& Presenter::Renderer() const noexcept {
 	return m_impl->renderer;
 }

-void Presenter::Present(Frame& frame, bool reuse) {
+void Presenter::Present(Frame& frame) {
+	const Layer layer {&frame, 0, false};
+	Present(std::span(&layer, 1));
+}
+
+void Presenter::Present(std::span<const Layer> layers) {
+	Common::LockGuard lock(m_impl->present_mutex);
+	for (const auto& layer: layers) {
+		EXIT_IF(layer.bus < 0 || layer.bus >= static_cast<int>(m_impl->layers.size()));
+		m_impl->frames.ValidateForPresent(layer.frame);
+		auto& previous = m_impl->layers[layer.bus];
+		if (previous.frame != nullptr) {
+			m_impl->frames.Release(previous.frame);
+		}
+		previous = layer;
+	}
+	m_impl->Present();
+}
+
+void Presenter::ClearLayer(int bus) {
+	if (static_cast<size_t>(bus) >= m_impl->layers.size()) {
+		return;
+	}
+	Common::LockGuard lock(m_impl->present_mutex);
+	auto& layer = m_impl->layers[bus];
+	if (layer.frame != nullptr) {
+		m_impl->frames.Release(layer.frame);
+		layer = {};
+	}
+}
+
+void Presenter::Impl::Present() {
 	KYTY_PROFILER_FUNCTION();
-	m_impl->frames.ValidateForPresent(&frame, reuse);

 	const auto overlay_visual = GetSystemOverlayVisualState();
-	auto&      swapchain  = m_impl->swapchain;
 	// Some window systems keep presenting an old swapchain after a resize.
 	if (swapchain.NeedsResize()) {
-		m_impl->RecoverSwapchain(Swapchain::Status::Recreate);
+		RecoverSwapchain(Swapchain::Status::Recreate);
 	}
 	for (uint32_t attempt = 0; attempt < 2; attempt++) {
 		auto status = swapchain.AcquireNextImage();
 		if (status != Swapchain::Status::Success) {
-			m_impl->RecoverSwapchain(status);
+			RecoverSwapchain(status);
 			continue;
 		}
 		{
-			Common::LockGuard render_lock(m_impl->renderer.GetMutex());
-			auto&             command          = m_impl->present_scheduler.BeginCommand();
+			Common::LockGuard render_lock(renderer.GetMutex());
+			auto&             command = present_scheduler.BeginCommand();
 			const bool        draw_system_overlay =
 			    overlay_visual.active && swapchain.PrepareSystemOverlay();
-			swapchain.RecordPresentCommands(command, frame.image, draw_system_overlay);
-			frame.present_tick = swapchain.Submit(m_impl->present_scheduler);
+			swapchain.RecordPresentCommands(command, layers[0].frame, layers[1],
+			                                draw_system_overlay);
+			const auto tick = swapchain.Submit(present_scheduler);
+			for (const auto& layer: layers) {
+				if (layer.frame != nullptr) {
+					layer.frame->present_tick = tick;
+				}
+			}
 		}
 		status = swapchain.Present();
 		if (status != Swapchain::Status::Success) {
-			m_impl->RecoverSwapchain(status);
+			RecoverSwapchain(status);
 			continue;
 		}

-		m_impl->presented_overlay_revision.store(overlay_visual.revision,
-		                                         std::memory_order_release);
-		m_impl->window.UpdateTitle();
-		m_impl->frames.Release(&frame, true);
+		presented_overlay_revision.store(overlay_visual.revision, std::memory_order_release);
+		window.UpdateTitle();
 		return;
 	}
 	LOGF("Vulkan presentation retry exhausted; dropping frame\n");
-	m_impl->frames.Release(&frame, reuse);
 }

 void Presenter::Discard(Frame& frame) {
@@ -564,8 +564,10 @@ static vk::Device VulkanCreateDevice(GraphicContext& graphics,
 	vk::PhysicalDeviceVulkan11Properties properties11 {};
 	properties11.pNext = &subgroup_size_control;

+	vk::PhysicalDeviceFloatControlsProperties float_controls {};
+	float_controls.pNext = &properties11;
 	vk::PhysicalDeviceProperties2 properties2 {};
-	properties2.pNext = &properties11;
+	properties2.pNext = &float_controls;

 	if (graphics.mesh_shader_enabled) {
 		subgroup_size_control.pNext = &graphics.mesh_shader_properties;
@@ -628,6 +630,15 @@ static vk::Device VulkanCreateDevice(GraphicContext& graphics,
 	device_features.vertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics       = VK_TRUE;
 	graphics.sample_rate_shading_enabled                 = true;
 	device_features.shaderInt64 = VK_TRUE;
+	device_features.shaderFloat64 =
+	    supported_features2.features.shaderFloat64 &&
+	    float_controls.shaderSignedZeroInfNanPreserveFloat64 &&
+	    float_controls.shaderRoundingModeRTEFloat32;
+	// if (device_features.shaderFloat64 && !float_controls.shaderDenormPreserveFloat64) {
+	// 	Log::WriteToConsoleAndLog(
+	// 	    "WARNING: Vulkan device does not guarantee FP64 denormal preservation; "
+	// 	    "continuing with native FP64 arithmetic. Very small values may be flushed to zero.\n");
+	// }

 	vk::PhysicalDeviceRobustness2FeaturesEXT robustness2 {};
 #if defined(__APPLE__)
@@ -817,6 +817,7 @@ void WindowRun() {
 	EXIT_IF(g_window == nullptr);

 	g_window->Run();
+	Common::LockGuard lock(g_window->render_context->GetMutex());
 	g_window->render_context->GetPipelineCache().Save();
 }

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 #include "graphics/shader/recompiler/ir/passes/ResourceMaterialization.h"
 #include "graphics/shader/recompiler/ir/passes/ResourceTracking.h"
 #include "graphics/shader/recompiler/ir/passes/ShaderInfoCollection.h"
-#include "graphics/shader/recompiler/ir/passes/SrtWalker.h"
 #include "graphics/shader/recompiler/ir/passes/SsaRewrite.h"

 #include <algorithm>
@@ -548,30 +547,40 @@ TranslateResult TranslateProgram(std::span<const uint32_t> code, const CompileOp

 	LOGF("%s phase begin: stage=%s hash=0x%016" PRIx64 " CFG BuildGraph\n", GetDumpLabel(options),
 	     StageName(options.stage), options.shader_hash);
-	auto cfg = CFG::BuildGraph(decoded);
+	auto native_cfg = CFG::BuildGraph(decoded);
+	CFG::Graph structured_cfg;
+	auto* selected_cfg = &native_cfg;
 	LOGF("%s phase end: stage=%s hash=0x%016" PRIx64 " CFG BuildGraph blocks=%" PRIu64
 	     " loops=%" PRIu64 " back_edges=%" PRIu64 " elapsed_ms=%" PRIu64 "\n",
 	     GetDumpLabel(options), StageName(options.stage), options.shader_hash,
-	     static_cast<uint64_t>(cfg.blocks.size()), static_cast<uint64_t>(cfg.natural_loops.size()),
-	     static_cast<uint64_t>(cfg.back_edges.size()), phase_ms());
-	if (cfg.irreducible) {
-		LogDispatcherFallback(options, cfg, "build");
+	     static_cast<uint64_t>(native_cfg.blocks.size()),
+	     static_cast<uint64_t>(native_cfg.natural_loops.size()),
+	     static_cast<uint64_t>(native_cfg.back_edges.size()), phase_ms());
+	if (native_cfg.irreducible) {
+		LogDispatcherFallback(options, native_cfg, "build");
 	} else {
 		LOGF("%s phase begin: stage=%s hash=0x%016" PRIx64 " CFG Structurize\n",
 		     GetDumpLabel(options), StageName(options.stage), options.shader_hash);
-		if (!CFG::Structurize(cfg)) {
-			LogDispatcherFallback(options, cfg, "structurize");
+		structured_cfg = CFG::Structurize(native_cfg);
+		if (structured_cfg.unsupported) {
+			native_cfg.unsupported = true;
+			native_cfg.failure_kind = structured_cfg.failure_kind;
+			native_cfg.failure_block = structured_cfg.failure_block;
+			native_cfg.unsupported_reason = structured_cfg.unsupported_reason;
+			LogDispatcherFallback(options, native_cfg, "structurize");
 		} else {
+			selected_cfg = &structured_cfg;
 			LOGF("%s structured CFG success: blocks=%" PRIu64 "\n", GetDumpLabel(options),
-			     static_cast<uint64_t>(cfg.blocks.size()));
+			     static_cast<uint64_t>(selected_cfg->blocks.size()));
 		}
 		LOGF("%s phase end: stage=%s hash=0x%016" PRIx64 " CFG Structurize blocks=%" PRIu64
 		     " loops=%" PRIu64 " elapsed_ms=%" PRIu64 "\n",
 		     GetDumpLabel(options), StageName(options.stage), options.shader_hash,
-		     static_cast<uint64_t>(cfg.blocks.size()),
-		     static_cast<uint64_t>(cfg.natural_loops.size()), phase_ms());
+		     static_cast<uint64_t>(selected_cfg->blocks.size()),
+		     static_cast<uint64_t>(selected_cfg->natural_loops.size()), phase_ms());
 	}

+	const auto& cfg = *selected_cfg;
 	Frontend::EmbeddedFetchPlan embedded_fetch;
 	if ((options.stage == ShaderType::Vertex || options.stage == ShaderType::Local) &&
 	    options.input_info.vertex != nullptr && options.input_info.vertex->fetch_embedded) {
@@ -614,15 +623,21 @@ TranslateResult TranslateProgram(std::span<const uint32_t> code, const CompileOp
 		IR::EliminateDeadCode(ir.blocks);
 	}
 	LowerTessellationMemory(ir, options);
-	IR::BuildSrtPlan(ir);
-	IR::EliminateDeadCode(ir.blocks);
-	IR::TrackResources(ir);
+	std::string cfg_dump;
+	if (options.dump_ir) {
+		cfg_dump = CFG::GraphToString(cfg);
+		if (options.early_dump) {
+			LOGF("%s native IR before resource tracking:\n%s", GetDumpLabel(options),
+			     MakeIrDump(cfg_dump, ir).c_str());
+		}
+	}
+	IR::TrackResources(ir, decoded, native_cfg);
 	IR::EliminateDeadCode(ir.blocks);
 	TranslateResult result;
 	result.program = std::move(ir);
 	if (options.dump_ir) {
 		result.decoded_dump = std::move(decoded_dump);
-		result.cfg_dump     = CFG::GraphToString(cfg);
+		result.cfg_dump     = std::move(cfg_dump);
 	}
 	return result;
 }
@@ -634,6 +649,35 @@ CompileResult CompileProgram(TranslateResult translated, const CompileOptions& o
 	const auto emit_begin = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 	auto& ir = translated.program;
 	IR::ApplyResourceSpecialization(ir, specialization);
+	// The resource plan owns host descriptor evaluation now. Keep only dependencies consumed
+	// by GPU memory operations; bound descriptor dwords must not retain shader instructions.
+	for (auto& inst: ir.value_storage) {
+		inst.Invalidate();
+	}
+	for (auto* block: ir.blocks) {
+		for (auto& inst: *block) {
+			const auto op = inst.GetOpcode();
+			uint32_t first = 0;
+			if (op == IR::ValueOpcode::GetBufferResource) {
+				if (std::ranges::any_of(inst.Uses(), [&](const IR::Use& use) {
+					return ir.memory_info[use.user->Flags<IR::MemoryFlags>().index].kind ==
+					       IR::ResourceKind::IndirectBuffer;
+				})) {
+					continue;
+				}
+			} else if (op == IR::ValueOpcode::GetImageResource) {
+				const auto resource = inst.Flags<uint32_t>();
+				first = resource < ir.info.images.size() &&
+				                ir.info.images[resource].indirect_root == resource ? 1u : 0u;
+			} else if (op != IR::ValueOpcode::GetSamplerResource) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			for (size_t index = first; index < inst.NumArgs(); index++) {
+				inst.SetArg(index, IR::Value(0u));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	ir.value_storage.clear();
 	IR::RemoveIdentities(ir.blocks);
 	IR::EliminateDeadCode(ir.blocks);

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "graphics/shader/recompiler/backend/spirv/spirvEmitterInternal.h"
 #include "graphics/shader/recompiler/ir/ShaderIR.h"
+#include "graphics/shader/recompiler/ir/passes/BindingLayout.h"

 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
@@ -34,9 +35,6 @@ void ValidateNativeProgram(const IR::Program& program) {
 		present[index]   = true;
 		expected[index]  = std::move(resources);
 	};
-	if (!program.info.buffers.empty()) {
-		Expect(Kind::Buffers, Dense(program.info.buffers.size()));
-	}
 	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < program.info.images.size(); i++) {
 		const auto kind = IR::DescriptorBindingForImage(program.info.images[i]);
 		if (!kind.has_value()) {
@@ -54,23 +52,9 @@ void ValidateNativeProgram(const IR::Program& program) {
 	if (!program.info.samplers.empty()) {
 		Expect(Kind::Samplers, Dense(program.info.samplers.size()));
 	}
-	bool uses_gds = false;
-	for (const auto* block: program.blocks) {
-		for (const auto& inst: *block) {
-			if (IR::SharedAccessOf(inst.GetOpcode()) == IR::SharedAccess::None) {
-				continue;
-			}
-			const auto index = inst.Flags<IR::MemoryFlags>().index;
-			if (index >= program.memory_info.size()) {
-				Fail(program, "shared operation has invalid memory metadata");
-			}
-			const auto kind = program.memory_info[index].kind;
-			if (kind != IR::ResourceKind::Lds && kind != IR::ResourceKind::Gds) {
-				Fail(program, "shared operation has invalid resource kind");
-			}
-			uses_gds |= kind == IR::ResourceKind::Gds;
-		}
-	}
+	auto& buffers = expected[static_cast<size_t>(Kind::Buffers)];
+	const bool uses_gds = IR::CollectMemoryResources(program, buffers);
+	present[static_cast<size_t>(Kind::Buffers)] = !buffers.empty();
 	if (uses_gds) {
 		Expect(Kind::Gds);
 	}
@@ -78,12 +62,7 @@ void ValidateNativeProgram(const IR::Program& program) {
 		Expect(Kind::BdaPagetable);
 		Expect(Kind::FaultBuffer);
 	}
-	const bool uses_flattened_runtime =
-	    !program.srt_reads.empty() ||
-	     std::ranges::any_of(program.info.images, [](const IR::ImageResource& image) {
-		     return image.indirect_search_iterations != 0u;
-	     });
-	if (uses_flattened_runtime) {
+	if (IR::UsesFlattenedSrt(program)) {
 		Expect(Kind::FlattenedSrt);
 	}
 	if (program.bindings.ShaderDataDwords() != 0 && !program.bindings.UsesPushData()) {
@@ -109,7 +88,7 @@ void ValidateNativeProgram(const IR::Program& program) {
 	if ((program.bindings.UsesPushData() &&
 	     !IR::PushData::CanFit(program.bindings.push_data_start_dword, shader_data_dwords)) ||
 	    program.bindings.memory_offset_dword != program.bindings.user_data_registers.size() ||
-	    program.bindings.memory_offset_count != program.info.buffers.size() ||
+	    program.bindings.memory_offset_count != buffers.size() ||
 	    has_shader_data_storage != (shader_data_dwords != 0 && !program.bindings.UsesPushData()) ||
 	    !std::is_sorted(program.bindings.user_data_registers.begin(),
 	                    program.bindings.user_data_registers.end()) ||
@@ -198,6 +177,7 @@ Emitter::SpirvRequirements Emitter::AnalyzeProgramRequirements(const IR::Program
 	SpirvRequirements requirements {};
 	for (const auto* block: program.blocks) {
 		for (const auto& inst: *block) {
+			requirements.float64 |= inst.GetType() == IR::Type::F64;
 			if (IR::BufferAccessOf(inst.GetOpcode()) == IR::BufferAccess::Atomic &&
 			    inst.GetType() == IR::Type::U64) {
 				requirements.buffer_int64_atomics = true;
@@ -291,9 +291,25 @@ uint32_t EmitConvertU32F32(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0) {
 	return EmitF32ToU32(state, arg0, false);
 }

-uint32_t EmitConvertF32S32(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0) {
-	const auto signed_value = Unary(state, spv::OpBitcast, TypeI32(state), arg0);
-	return EmitNative<spv::OpConvertSToF, IR::Type::F32>(state, signed_value);
+uint32_t EmitConvertF32F64(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0) {
+	const auto converted = Unary(state, spv::OpFConvert, TypeF32(state), arg0);
+	const auto source    = EmitNative<spv::OpCompositeExtract, IR::Type::U32>(
+	    state, Unary(state, spv::OpBitcast, TypeU64(state), arg0), 1u);
+	const auto exponent = EmitAndConstant(state, source, 0x7ff00000u);
+	const auto overflow =
+	    Binary(state, spv::OpLogicalAnd, TypeBool(state),
+	           EmitCompareU32Constant(state, spv::OpUGreaterThan, exponent, 0x47e00000u),
+	           EmitCompareU32Constant(state, spv::OpULessThan, exponent, 0x7ff00000u));
+	const auto clamped = EmitOrU32(state, EmitAndConstant(state, source, 0x80000000u),
+	                               ConstantU32(state, 0x7f7fffffu));
+	return EmitFlushF32DenormToSignedZero(
+	    state, Select(state, TypeF32(state), overflow,
+	                  Unary(state, spv::OpBitcast, TypeF32(state), clamped), converted));
+}
+
+uint32_t EmitConvertF64F32(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0) {
+	return EmitNative<spv::OpFConvert, IR::Type::F64>(state,
+	                                                  EmitFlushF32DenormToSignedZero(state, arg0));
 }

 uint32_t EmitCompositeExtractU64(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0, IR::Value arg1) {
@@ -453,6 +469,11 @@ uint32_t EmitFPRecip32(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0) {
 	return Binary(state, spv::OpFDiv, TypeF32(state), ConstantF32(state, 0x3f800000u), source);
 }

+uint32_t EmitFPRecip64(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0) {
+	const auto one = state.builder.Constant(spv::OpConstant, TypeF64(state), 0u, 0x3ff00000u);
+	return EmitNative<spv::OpFDiv, IR::Type::F64>(state, one, arg0);
+}
+
 uint32_t EmitFPRecipIFlag32(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0) {
 	// Integer-to-float inputs used by IFLAG cannot be denormal.
 	return Binary(state, spv::OpFDiv, TypeF32(state), ConstantF32(state, 0x3f800000u), arg0);
@@ -203,9 +203,7 @@ uint32_t EmitFlushF32DenormToSignedZero(EmitterState& state, uint32_t value) {
 	const auto bits      = state.builder.AllocateId();
 	const auto abs_bits  = state.builder.AllocateId();
 	const auto sign_bits = state.builder.AllocateId();
-	const auto non_zero  = state.builder.AllocateId();
 	const auto subnormal = state.builder.AllocateId();
-	const auto flush     = state.builder.AllocateId();
 	const auto selected  = state.builder.AllocateId();
 	const auto ret       = state.builder.AllocateId();
 	state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpBitcast, TypeU32(state), bits, value);
@@ -213,12 +211,9 @@ uint32_t EmitFlushF32DenormToSignedZero(EmitterState& state, uint32_t value) {
 	                          ConstantU32(state, 0x7fffffffu));
 	state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpBitwiseAnd, TypeU32(state), sign_bits, bits,
 	                          ConstantU32(state, 0x80000000u));
-	state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpINotEqual, TypeBool(state), non_zero, abs_bits,
-	                          ConstantU32(state, 0));
 	state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpULessThan, TypeBool(state), subnormal, abs_bits,
 	                          ConstantU32(state, 0x00800000u));
-	state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpLogicalAnd, TypeBool(state), flush, non_zero, subnormal);
-	state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpSelect, TypeU32(state), selected, flush, sign_bits, bits);
+	state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpSelect, TypeU32(state), selected, subnormal, sign_bits, bits);
 	state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpBitcast, TypeF32(state), ret, selected);
 	return ret;
 }
@@ -636,6 +636,29 @@ uint32_t EmitDppUpdateU32(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst) {
 	                                                ctx.Arg(inst, 1));
 }

+uint32_t EmitConditionRef(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst) {
+	if (ctx.other_half == nullptr) return ctx.Arg(inst, 0);
+	// A native scalar branch makes one decision for both emulated wave halves.
+	if (ctx.half != 0) return ctx.other_half->Def(IR::Value(&inst));
+	const auto kind = inst.Flags<CFG::BranchCondition>();
+	if (kind == CFG::BranchCondition::ScalarInstruction) return ctx.Arg(inst, 0);
+	const auto ballot = ctx.Ballot(inst.Arg(0));
+	const auto low = ctx.state.builder.AllocateId();
+	const auto high = ctx.state.builder.AllocateId();
+	const auto combined = ctx.state.builder.AllocateId();
+	const auto result = ctx.state.builder.AllocateId();
+	ctx.state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpCompositeExtract, TypeU32(ctx.state), low, ballot, 0);
+	ctx.state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpCompositeExtract, TypeU32(ctx.state), high, ballot, 1);
+	const bool zero = kind == CFG::BranchCondition::ExecZero ||
+	                  kind == CFG::BranchCondition::VccZero || kind == CFG::BranchCondition::SccZero;
+	ctx.state.builder.AddFunction(zero ? spv::OpBitwiseAnd : spv::OpBitwiseOr,
+	                              TypeU32(ctx.state), combined, low, high);
+	ctx.state.builder.AddFunction(zero ? spv::OpIEqual : spv::OpINotEqual,
+	                              TypeBool(ctx.state), result, combined,
+	                              ConstantU32(ctx.state, zero ? ~0u : 0u));
+	return result;
+}
+
 uint32_t EmitBallot(ValueEmitContext& ctx, IR::Value predicate) {
 	return ctx.Ballot(predicate);
 }
@@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ void EmitImage(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst) {
 		return;
 	}
 	const auto atomic_opcode = ImageAtomicOpcode(op);
-	if (atomic_opcode != spv::OpNop) {
+	if (image_info.access == IR::ImageAccess::Atomic) {
 		const auto dimension = image.dimension;
 		ctx.Define(inst, EmitValueOrZeroIfCondition(state, ctx.Arg(inst, 3), [&]() {
 			           const auto pointer      = state.builder.AllocateId();
@@ -887,6 +887,15 @@ void EmitImage(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst) {
 			                                     StorageImageDescriptorPointer(state, mem.resource),
 			                                     CoordU32(ctx, mem, *address, dimension),
 			                                     ConstantU32(state, 0));
+			           if (op == IR::ValueOpcode::ImageAtomicFMin32 ||
+			               op == IR::ValueOpcode::ImageAtomicFMax32) {
+				           return AtomicUpdate(state, pointer, IR::ResourceKind::Image,
+				                               [&](uint32_t old) {
+					                               return EmitFloatAtomicReplacement(
+					                                   state, old, ctx.Arg(inst, 2),
+					                                   op == IR::ValueOpcode::ImageAtomicFMax32);
+				                               });
+			           }
 			           const auto old = state.builder.AllocateId();
 			           state.builder.AddFunction(atomic_opcode, TypeU32(state), old, pointer,
 			                                     ConstantU32(state, spv::ScopeDevice),
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@

 #include "graphics/shader/recompiler/backend/spirv/spirvEmitterInternal.h"

+#include <bit>
+
 namespace Libs::Graphics::ShaderRecompiler::Spirv::Emitter {
 // Operand signatures distinguish SPIR-V IDs (uint32_t), raw literals/values
 // (IR::Value), and instructions whose metadata or operand loads must stay lazy.
@@ -13,14 +15,25 @@ inline constexpr auto EmitConvertU32U16 = EmitBitCastU16F16;
 inline constexpr auto EmitConvertU32U8  = EmitBitCastU16F16;
 inline constexpr auto EmitBitCastU32F32 = EmitBitCastU16F16;
 EMIT_NATIVE(BitCastF32U32, OpBitcast, F32, uint32_t)
+EMIT_NATIVE(BitCastU64F64, OpBitcast, U64, uint32_t)
+EMIT_NATIVE(BitCastF64U64, OpBitcast, F64, uint32_t)
 uint32_t              EmitConvertU16U32(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0);
 uint32_t              EmitConvertU8U32(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0);
 uint32_t              EmitConvertF16F32(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0);
 inline constexpr auto EmitConvertF32F16 = EmitF16BitsToF32;
 uint32_t              EmitConvertS32F32(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0);
 uint32_t              EmitConvertU32F32(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0);
-uint32_t              EmitConvertF32S32(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0);
+template <IR::Type type>
+uint32_t EmitConvertSigned32ToFloat(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0) {
+	const auto signed_value = Unary(state, spv::OpBitcast, TypeI32(state), arg0);
+	return EmitNative<spv::OpConvertSToF, type>(state, signed_value);
+}
+inline constexpr auto EmitConvertF32S32 = EmitConvertSigned32ToFloat<IR::Type::F32>;
+inline constexpr auto EmitConvertF64S32 = EmitConvertSigned32ToFloat<IR::Type::F64>;
+uint32_t              EmitConvertF32F64(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0);
+uint32_t              EmitConvertF64F32(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0);
 EMIT_NATIVE(ConvertF32U32, OpConvertUToF, F32, uint32_t)
+EMIT_NATIVE(ConvertF64U32, OpConvertUToF, F64, uint32_t)
 EMIT_NATIVE(CompositeConstructU64, OpCompositeConstruct, U64, uint32_t, uint32_t)
 EMIT_NATIVE(CompositeConstructU32x2, OpCompositeConstruct, U32x2, uint32_t, uint32_t)
 EMIT_NATIVE(CompositeConstructU32x3, OpCompositeConstruct, U32x3, uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t)
@@ -103,23 +116,43 @@ EMIT_NATIVE(LogicalOr, OpLogicalOr, U1, uint32_t, uint32_t)
 EMIT_NATIVE(LogicalAnd, OpLogicalAnd, U1, uint32_t, uint32_t)
 EMIT_NATIVE(LogicalXor, OpLogicalNotEqual, U1, uint32_t, uint32_t)
 EMIT_NATIVE(LogicalNot, OpLogicalNot, U1, uint32_t)
-EMIT_NATIVE(FPOrdEqual32, OpFOrdEqual, U1, uint32_t, uint32_t)
-EMIT_NATIVE(FPUnordEqual32, OpFUnordEqual, U1, uint32_t, uint32_t)
-EMIT_NATIVE(FPOrdNotEqual32, OpFOrdNotEqual, U1, uint32_t, uint32_t)
-EMIT_NATIVE(FPUnordNotEqual32, OpFUnordNotEqual, U1, uint32_t, uint32_t)
-EMIT_NATIVE(FPOrdLessThan32, OpFOrdLessThan, U1, uint32_t, uint32_t)
-EMIT_NATIVE(FPUnordLessThan32, OpFUnordLessThan, U1, uint32_t, uint32_t)
-EMIT_NATIVE(FPOrdGreaterThan32, OpFOrdGreaterThan, U1, uint32_t, uint32_t)
-EMIT_NATIVE(FPUnordGreaterThan32, OpFUnordGreaterThan, U1, uint32_t, uint32_t)
-EMIT_NATIVE(FPOrdLessThanEqual32, OpFOrdLessThanEqual, U1, uint32_t, uint32_t)
-EMIT_NATIVE(FPUnordLessThanEqual32, OpFUnordLessThanEqual, U1, uint32_t, uint32_t)
-EMIT_NATIVE(FPOrdGreaterThanEqual32, OpFOrdGreaterThanEqual, U1, uint32_t, uint32_t)
-EMIT_NATIVE(FPUnordGreaterThanEqual32, OpFUnordGreaterThanEqual, U1, uint32_t, uint32_t)
+template <spv::Op opcode>
+uint32_t EmitFloatCompare32(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst) {
+	// SPIR-V's DenormFlushToZero mode does not require comparison operands to flush.
+	const bool flush = inst.Flags<IR::FPCompareFlags>().flush_input_denorms;
+	const auto operand = [&](size_t index) {
+		const auto value = inst.Arg(index);
+		if (flush && value.IsImmediate()) {
+			const auto bits = std::bit_cast<uint32_t>(value.F32Value());
+			return ConstantF32(ctx.state, (bits & 0x7fffffffu) < 0x00800000u
+			                                  ? bits & 0x80000000u : bits);
+		}
+		const auto id = ctx.Arg(inst, index);
+		return flush ? EmitFlushF32DenormToSignedZero(ctx.state, id) : id;
+	};
+	return EmitNative<opcode, IR::Type::U1>(ctx.state, operand(0), operand(1));
+}
+inline constexpr auto EmitFPOrdEqual32 = EmitFloatCompare32<spv::OpFOrdEqual>;
+inline constexpr auto EmitFPUnordEqual32 = EmitFloatCompare32<spv::OpFUnordEqual>;
+inline constexpr auto EmitFPOrdNotEqual32 = EmitFloatCompare32<spv::OpFOrdNotEqual>;
+inline constexpr auto EmitFPUnordNotEqual32 = EmitFloatCompare32<spv::OpFUnordNotEqual>;
+inline constexpr auto EmitFPOrdLessThan32 = EmitFloatCompare32<spv::OpFOrdLessThan>;
+inline constexpr auto EmitFPUnordLessThan32 = EmitFloatCompare32<spv::OpFUnordLessThan>;
+inline constexpr auto EmitFPOrdGreaterThan32 = EmitFloatCompare32<spv::OpFOrdGreaterThan>;
+inline constexpr auto EmitFPUnordGreaterThan32 = EmitFloatCompare32<spv::OpFUnordGreaterThan>;
+inline constexpr auto EmitFPOrdLessThanEqual32 = EmitFloatCompare32<spv::OpFOrdLessThanEqual>;
+inline constexpr auto EmitFPUnordLessThanEqual32 = EmitFloatCompare32<spv::OpFUnordLessThanEqual>;
+inline constexpr auto EmitFPOrdGreaterThanEqual32 = EmitFloatCompare32<spv::OpFOrdGreaterThanEqual>;
+inline constexpr auto EmitFPUnordGreaterThanEqual32 = EmitFloatCompare32<spv::OpFUnordGreaterThanEqual>;
 uint32_t              EmitFPIsNan32(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0);
 inline constexpr auto EmitFPCmpClass32 = EmitClassMaskF32;
 EMIT_NATIVE(FPAdd32, OpFAdd, F32, uint32_t, uint32_t)
 EMIT_NATIVE(FPSub32, OpFSub, F32, uint32_t, uint32_t)
 EMIT_NATIVE(FPMul32, OpFMul, F32, uint32_t, uint32_t)
+EMIT_NATIVE(FPMul64, OpFMul, F64, uint32_t, uint32_t)
+inline constexpr auto EmitFPFma64 =
+    EmitGlsl<GLSLstd450Fma, IR::Type::F64, uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t>;
+uint32_t              EmitFPRecip64(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0);
 inline constexpr auto EmitFPFma32 =
    EmitGlsl<GLSLstd450Fma, IR::Type::F32, uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t>;
 uint32_t EmitFPMin32(EmitterState& state, uint32_t arg0, uint32_t arg1);
@@ -169,6 +202,7 @@ uint32_t              EmitDppUpdateU32(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& in
 uint32_t              EmitWqmU64(EmitterState& state, uint32_t value);
 uint32_t              EmitLaneId(EmitterState& state);
 uint32_t              EmitBallot(ValueEmitContext& ctx, IR::Value predicate);
+uint32_t              EmitConditionRef(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst);
 uint32_t              EmitReadFirstLane(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst);
 uint32_t              EmitReadLane(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst);
 uint32_t              EmitWriteLane(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst);
@@ -271,6 +305,8 @@ inline constexpr auto EmitImageAtomicUMax32    = EmitImage;
 inline constexpr auto EmitImageAtomicAnd32     = EmitImage;
 inline constexpr auto EmitImageAtomicOr32      = EmitImage;
 inline constexpr auto EmitImageAtomicXor32     = EmitImage;
+inline constexpr auto EmitImageAtomicFMin32    = EmitImage;
+inline constexpr auto EmitImageAtomicFMax32    = EmitImage;
 void                  EmitUnreachable(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst);
 inline constexpr auto EmitPhi                        = EmitUnreachable;
 inline constexpr auto EmitTessellationBase           = EmitUnreachable;
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ struct SpirvRequirements {
 	bool pixel_valid_mask             = false;
 	bool buffer_int64_atomics         = false;
 	bool coherent_buffers             = false;
+	bool float64                      = false;
 };

 SpirvRequirements AnalyzeProgramRequirements(const IR::Program& program);
@@ -139,6 +140,7 @@ uint32_t TypeU32Pair(EmitterState& state);
 uint32_t TypeI32(EmitterState& state);
 uint32_t TypeI32Pair(EmitterState& state);
 uint32_t TypeF32(EmitterState& state);
+uint32_t TypeF64(EmitterState& state);
 uint32_t TypeU32Vector(EmitterState& state, uint32_t components);

 uint32_t TypeU32Composite(EmitterState& state, uint32_t components);
@@ -167,6 +169,10 @@ template <spv::Op opcode, IR::Type type, typename... Args>
 uint32_t EmitNative(EmitterState& state, Args... args) {
 	const auto result = state.builder.AllocateId();
 	state.builder.AddFunction(opcode, TypeId(state, type), result, args...);
+	if constexpr (type == IR::Type::F64 &&
+	              (opcode == spv::OpFMul || opcode == spv::OpFDiv || opcode == spv::OpExtInst)) {
+		state.builder.AddAnnotation(spv::OpDecorate, result, spv::DecorationNoContraction);
+	}
 	return result;
 }

@@ -146,7 +146,12 @@ uint32_t GuestAddress(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst, const IR::Mem
 			ctx.Fail(inst, "has no address base pair");
 			return ConstantDeviceAddress(state, 0);
 		}
-		const auto base = DeviceAddressFromWords(state, ctx.Arg(*handle, 0), ctx.Arg(*handle, 1));
+		auto base_low = ctx.Arg(*handle, 0);
+		if (mem.kind == IR::ResourceKind::ScalarAddress) {
+			base_low = Binary(state, spv::OpBitwiseAnd, TypeU32(state), base_low,
+			                  ConstantU32(state, ~3u));
+		}
+		const auto base = DeviceAddressFromWords(state, base_low, ctx.Arg(*handle, 1));
 		address         = Binary(state, spv::OpIAdd, TypeScalarU64(state), base,
 		                         Unary(state, spv::OpUConvert, TypeScalarU64(state), low));
 	}
@@ -706,26 +711,66 @@ uint32_t FormattedOutOfBoundsValue(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::MemoryInfo&
 	return ConstructU32Composite(ctx.state, components, values);
 }

-void StoreFormattedInBounds(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::MemoryInfo& mem,
-                            const PreparedFormattedMemory& plan, uint32_t component,
-                            uint32_t data) {
-	if (component >= plan.info.component_count) return;
-	const auto bits = plan.info.component_bits[component];
-	if (bits == 16u && (plan.info.type == Format::ComponentType::Snorm ||
-	                    plan.info.type == Format::ComponentType::Float)) {
+uint32_t EncodeFormattedStoreComponent(ValueEmitContext& ctx,
+                                       const Format::BufferFormatInfo& info,
+                                       uint32_t component, uint32_t data) {
+	const auto bits = info.component_bits[component];
+	if (info.type == Format::ComponentType::Unorm) {
+		const auto value = EmitBitCastF32U32(ctx.state, data);
+		const auto clamped = EmitFPMin32(
+		    ctx.state, EmitFPMax32(ctx.state, value, ConstantF32Value(ctx.state, 0.0f)),
+		    ConstantF32Value(ctx.state, 1.0f));
+		const auto scaled = EmitFPMul32(
+		    ctx.state, clamped, ConstantF32Value(ctx.state, float((1u << bits) - 1u)));
+		return Unary(ctx.state, spv::OpConvertFToU, TypeU32(ctx.state),
+		             EmitFPRoundEven32(ctx.state, scaled));
+	}
+	if (bits == 16u && (info.type == Format::ComponentType::Snorm ||
+	                    info.type == Format::ComponentType::Float)) {
 		const auto value = EmitBitCastF32U32(ctx.state, data);
 		const auto pair = EmitCompositeConstructF32x2(ctx.state, value,
 		                                               ConstantF32Value(ctx.state, 0.0f));
-		data = plan.info.type == Format::ComponentType::Float
-		           ? EmitPackHalf2x16(ctx.state, pair)
-		           : EmitPackSnorm2x16(ctx.state, pair);
-	}
-	if (bits == 8u || bits == 16u) {
-		StoreSubwordInBounds(ctx, mem, plan.resource, plan.addresses[component],
-		                     plan.indices[component], bits, data);
-	} else {
-		StoreWordInBounds(ctx, plan.resource, plan.indices[component], data);
+		return info.type == Format::ComponentType::Float ? EmitPackHalf2x16(ctx.state, pair)
+		                                               : EmitPackSnorm2x16(ctx.state, pair);
 	}
+	return data;
+}
+
+void StoreFormattedPrepared(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst,
+                             const IR::MemoryInfo& mem, const MemoryResourceAccess& resource,
+                             const Format::BufferFormatInfo& info, uint32_t data,
+                             uint32_t components) {
+	// RDNA2 formatted stores transfer the entire format, zero-filling missing VGPRs.
+	const auto plan = PrepareFormattedMemory(ctx, inst, mem, resource, info, info.component_count,
+	                                         FormattedAccess::Store);
+	EmitIfCondition(ctx.state, plan.in_bounds, [&]() {
+		auto packed = ConstantU32(ctx.state, 0);
+		for (uint32_t component = 0; component < info.component_count; component++) {
+			auto value = ConstantU32(ctx.state, 0);
+			if (component < components) {
+				value = data;
+				if (components != 1u) {
+					value = ctx.state.builder.AllocateId();
+					ctx.state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpCompositeExtract, TypeU32(ctx.state),
+					                              value, data, component);
+				}
+			}
+			value = EncodeFormattedStoreComponent(ctx, info, component, value);
+			const auto bits = info.component_bits[component];
+			if (info.packed_bitfield) {
+				packed = EmitBitFieldInsert(
+				    ctx.state, packed, value,
+				    ConstantU32(ctx.state, info.component_bit_offset[component]),
+				    ConstantU32(ctx.state, bits));
+			} else if (bits == 8u || bits == 16u) {
+				StoreSubwordInBounds(ctx, mem, resource, plan.addresses[component],
+				                     plan.indices[component], bits, value);
+			} else {
+				StoreWordInBounds(ctx, resource, plan.indices[component], value);
+			}
+		}
+		if (info.packed_bitfield) StoreWordInBounds(ctx, resource, plan.indices[0], packed);
+	});
 }

 void FormattedStore(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst, const IR::MemoryInfo& mem) {
@@ -737,11 +782,7 @@ void FormattedStore(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst, const IR::Memor
 			StoreWordPrepared(ctx, inst, RebaseRawComponent(mem, 0u), resource, data);
 			return;
 		}
-		const auto plan = PrepareFormattedMemory(ctx, inst, mem, resource, info, 1u,
-		                                         FormattedAccess::Store);
-		EmitIfCondition(ctx.state, plan.in_bounds, [&]() {
-			StoreFormattedInBounds(ctx, mem, plan, 0u, data);
-		});
+		StoreFormattedPrepared(ctx, inst, mem, resource, info, data, 1u);
 	});
 }

@@ -859,16 +900,7 @@ void StoreWideBuffer(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst, uint32_t compo
 		const auto info = Format::GetFormatInfo(
 		    mem.formatted ? BufferFormat(ctx, mem) : Prospero::BufferFormat::kInvalid);
 		if (info.type != Format::ComponentType::Unknown) {
-			const auto plan = PrepareFormattedMemory(ctx, inst, mem, resource, info, components,
-			                                         FormattedAccess::Store);
-			EmitIfCondition(state, plan.in_bounds, [&]() {
-				for (uint32_t component = 0; component < components; component++) {
-					const auto data = state.builder.AllocateId();
-					state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpCompositeExtract, TypeU32(state), data,
-					                          composite, component);
-					StoreFormattedInBounds(ctx, mem, plan, component, data);
-				}
-			});
+			StoreFormattedPrepared(ctx, inst, mem, resource, info, composite, components);
 			return;
 		}
 		for (uint32_t component = 0; component < components; component++) {
@@ -943,7 +975,14 @@ void DefineGetBdaPointer(EmitterState& state) {
 	state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpFunctionParameter, type, address);
 	EmitLabel(state, entry_label);

-	const auto page64        = Binary(state, spv::OpShiftRightLogical, type, address,
+	const auto extended = Binary(state, spv::OpUGreaterThanEqual, TypeBool(state), address,
+	                             ConstantDeviceAddress(state, LibKernel::Memory::kExtendedMemoryBase));
+	const auto packed = Select(state, type, extended,
+	                           Binary(state, spv::OpISub, type, address,
+	                                  ConstantDeviceAddress(state,
+	                                      LibKernel::Memory::kExtendedMemoryBase - LOWER_ADDRESS_SIZE)),
+	                           address);
+	const auto page64        = Binary(state, spv::OpShiftRightLogical, type, packed,
 	                                  ConstantDeviceAddress(state, BufferCache::CACHING_PAGEBITS));
 	const auto page          = Unary(state, spv::OpUConvert, TypeU32(state), page64);
 	const auto entry_pointer = state.builder.AllocateId();
@@ -1072,16 +1111,27 @@ uint32_t EmitAppendConsume(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst) {
 	if (ctx.half == 1) {
 		return ctx.other_half->Def(IR::Value(const_cast<IR::Inst*>(&inst)));
 	}
-	const auto m0 = ctx.Arg(inst, 0);
-	const auto base =
-	    Binary(state, spv::OpShiftRightLogical, TypeU32(state), m0, ConstantU32(state, 16));
-	const auto size =
-	    Binary(state, spv::OpBitwiseAnd, TypeU32(state), m0, ConstantU32(state, 0xffffu));
-	const auto address = Binary(state, spv::OpIAdd, TypeU32(state), base,
-	                            ConstantU32(state, ctx.Memory(inst).offset));
+	const auto mem           = ctx.Memory(inst);
+	const auto offset        = mem.offset & 0xfffcu;
+	auto       address       = ConstantU32(state, offset);
+	uint32_t   region_bounds = 0;
+	if (mem.kind == IR::ResourceKind::Gds) {
+		const auto m0 = ctx.Arg(inst, 0);
+		const auto base =
+		    Binary(state, spv::OpShiftRightLogical, TypeU32(state), m0, ConstantU32(state, 16));
+		const auto size =
+		    Binary(state, spv::OpBitwiseAnd, TypeU32(state), m0, ConstantU32(state, 0xffffu));
+		address = Binary(state, spv::OpIAdd, TypeU32(state), base, address);
+		// The entire M0 region must fit the PS5's 48 KiB GDS partition.
+		region_bounds = AndCondition(
+		    state, Binary(state, spv::OpULessThan, TypeBool(state),
+		                  ConstantU32(state, offset + 3u), size),
+		    Binary(state, spv::OpULessThanEqual, TypeBool(state),
+		           Binary(state, spv::OpIAdd, TypeU32(state), base, size),
+		           ConstantU32(state, 0xc000u)));
+	}
 	const auto raw_index =
 	    Binary(state, spv::OpShiftRightLogical, TypeU32(state), address, ConstantU32(state, 2));
-	const auto mem    = ctx.Memory(inst);
 	const auto access = PrepareMemoryResourceAccess(state, mem);
 	const auto index  = EmitMemoryElementIndex(state, access, raw_index);
 	const auto exec   = ctx.Arg(inst, 1);
@@ -1100,19 +1150,17 @@ uint32_t EmitAppendConsume(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst) {
 	        : first;
 	const auto is_first       = Binary(state, spv::OpIEqual, TypeBool(state),
 	                                   EmitSubgroupLocalInvocationId(state), source_lane);
-	const auto storage_bounds = EmitMemoryElementInBounds(state, access, index);
-	const auto m0_bounds =
-	    mem.kind == IR::ResourceKind::Gds
-	        ? Binary(state, spv::OpINotEqual, TypeBool(state), size, ConstantU32(state, 0))
-	        : Binary(state, spv::OpULessThan, TypeBool(state),
-	                 ConstantU32(state, ctx.Memory(inst).offset + 3u), size);
+	auto bounds = EmitMemoryElementInBounds(state, access, index);
+	if (mem.kind == IR::ResourceKind::Gds) {
+		bounds = AndCondition(state, bounds, region_bounds);
+	}
 	const auto condition = AndCondition(
 	    state, is_first,
 	    AndCondition(state,
 	                 state.lane_count == 2 ? Binary(state, spv::OpINotEqual, TypeBool(state), count,
 	                                                ConstantU32(state, 0))
 	                                       : exec,
-	                 AndCondition(state, storage_bounds, m0_bounds)));
+	                 bounds));
 	const auto atomic = EmitValueOrZeroIfCondition(state, condition, [&]() {
 		const auto value = state.builder.AllocateId();
 		state.builder.AddFunction(append ? spv::OpAtomicIAdd : spv::OpAtomicISub, TypeU32(state),
@@ -1146,10 +1194,11 @@ void EmitReadConstBuffer(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst) {
 	if (mem.planning_only) return;
 	auto& state        = ctx.state;
 	mem.kind           = IR::ResourceKind::ScalarBuffer;
-	const auto address = Binary(state, spv::OpIAdd, TypeU32(state), ctx.Arg(inst, 1),
-	                            ConstantU32(state, mem.offset));
-	const auto index =
-	    Binary(state, spv::OpShiftRightLogical, TypeU32(state), address, ConstantU32(state, 2));
+	auto index = Binary(state, spv::OpShiftRightLogical, TypeU32(state), ctx.Arg(inst, 1),
+	                    ConstantU32(state, 2));
+	if (mem.offset >= 4u) {
+		index = Binary(state, spv::OpIAdd, TypeU32(state), index, ConstantU32(state, mem.offset >> 2u));
+	}
 	const auto access    = PrepareMemoryResourceAccess(state, mem);
 	const auto element   = EmitMemoryElementIndex(state, access, index);
 	const auto condition = EmitMemoryElementInBounds(state, access, element);
@@ -1171,6 +1220,8 @@ void EmitLoadMemory(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Inst& inst) {
 		value = LoadWideBuffer(ctx, inst, buffer_components);
 	else if (shared_components > 1u)
 		value = LoadWideShared(ctx, inst, shared_components);
+	else if (mem.kind == IR::ResourceKind::ScalarAddress)
+		value = LoadBdaDword(ctx, GuestAddress(ctx, inst, mem));
 	else if (address_info.access == IR::AddressAccess::Read &&
 	         mem.kind != IR::ResourceKind::Scratch)
 		value = LoadBda(ctx, GuestAddress(ctx, inst, mem), ctx.Arg(inst, inst.NumArgs() - 1),
@@ -47,6 +47,10 @@ uint32_t TypeF32(EmitterState& state) {
 	return state.builder.Type(spv::OpTypeFloat, 32);
 }

+uint32_t TypeF64(EmitterState& state) {
+	return state.builder.Type(spv::OpTypeFloat, 64);
+}
+
 uint32_t TypeU32Vector(EmitterState& state, uint32_t components) {
 	return state.builder.Type(spv::OpTypeVector, TypeU32(state), components);
 }
@@ -679,6 +683,19 @@ void DefineModule(EmitterState& state) {
 	// contract prevents host compilers from treating synthesized IEEE values as finite.
 	state.builder.AddExecutionMode(state.main_func, spv::ExecutionModeSignedZeroInfNanPreserve,
 	                               32u);
+	if (state.requirements.float64) {
+		EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(state.program.stage == ShaderType::Compute &&
+		                     state.input_info.compute->float_mode != 0xc0);
+		// MODE=0xc0 uses round-to-nearest-even and preserves FP64 input/output denormals.
+		state.builder.RequireCapability(spv::CapabilityFloat64);
+		state.builder.RequireCapability(spv::CapabilityRoundingModeRTE);
+		state.builder.AddExecutionMode(state.main_func, spv::ExecutionModeSignedZeroInfNanPreserve,
+		                               64u);
+		// FP64 denormal preservation is temporarily disabled.
+		// state.builder.RequireCapability(spv::CapabilityDenormPreserve);
+		// state.builder.AddExecutionMode(state.main_func, spv::ExecutionModeDenormPreserve, 64u);
+		state.builder.AddExecutionMode(state.main_func, spv::ExecutionModeRoundingModeRTE, 32u);
+	}
 	if (const auto* cs = ShaderWorkgroupInput(state.program.stage, state.input_info)) {
 		uint32_t    local_x = state.requirements.compute_derivatives ? 2u : 1u;
 		uint32_t    local_y = state.requirements.compute_derivatives ? 2u : 1u;
@@ -97,30 +97,6 @@ void EmitReturn(ValueEmitContext& ctx) {
 	ctx.state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpReturn);
 }

-uint32_t BranchCondition(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::BlockInfo& info) {
-	// Scalar-instruction conditions already test the full wave's raw register values.
-	if (ctx.other_half == nullptr ||
-	    info.terminator.condition == CFG::BranchCondition::ScalarInstruction ||
-	    info.terminator.condition == CFG::BranchCondition::GotoVariable) {
-		return ctx.Def(info.condition);
-	}
-	const auto ballot = ctx.Ballot(info.condition);
-	const auto low    = ctx.state.builder.AllocateId();
-	const auto high   = ctx.state.builder.AllocateId();
-	const auto result = ctx.state.builder.AllocateId();
-	ctx.state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpCompositeExtract, TypeU32(ctx.state), low, ballot, 0);
-	ctx.state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpCompositeExtract, TypeU32(ctx.state), high, ballot, 1);
-	const auto kind     = info.terminator.condition;
-	const bool zero     = kind == CFG::BranchCondition::ExecZero ||
-	                      kind == CFG::BranchCondition::VccZero ||
-	                      kind == CFG::BranchCondition::SccZero;
-	const auto combined =
-	    EmitBinaryU32(ctx.state, zero ? spv::OpBitwiseAnd : spv::OpBitwiseOr, low, high);
-	ctx.state.builder.AddFunction(zero ? spv::OpIEqual : spv::OpINotEqual, TypeBool(ctx.state),
-	                              result, combined, ConstantU32(ctx.state, zero ? ~0u : 0u));
-	return result;
-}
-
 void EmitStructuredTerminator(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Block* block,
                              const IR::BlockInfo& info) {
 	const auto& program = ctx.state.program;
@@ -160,7 +136,7 @@ void EmitStructuredTerminator(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const IR::Block* block,
 				EmitReturn(ctx);
 				return;
 			}
-			const auto condition = BranchCondition(ctx, info);
+			const auto condition = ctx.Def(info.condition);
 			emit_merge();
 			ctx.state.builder.AddFunction(spv::OpBranchConditional, condition,
 			                              ctx.Label(true_block), ctx.Label(false_block));
@@ -193,7 +169,7 @@ uint32_t EmitDispatcherNextPc(ValueEmitContext& ctx, const DispatcherFunctionSta
 			EmitDispatcherTarget(ctx, dispatcher, block, term.false_block);
 			const auto selected = ctx.state.builder.AllocateId();
 			ctx.state.builder.AddFunction(
-			    spv::OpSelect, TypeU32(ctx.state), selected, BranchCondition(ctx, info),
+			    spv::OpSelect, TypeU32(ctx.state), selected, ctx.Def(info.condition),
 			    ConstantU32(ctx.state, term.true_block), ConstantU32(ctx.state, term.false_block));
 			return selected;
 		}
@@ -440,6 +416,7 @@ uint32_t TypeId(EmitterState& state, IR::Type type) {
 		case IR::Type::U64: return TypeU64(state);
 		case IR::Type::U32x2: return TypeU32Pair(state);
 		case IR::Type::F32: return TypeF32(state);
+		case IR::Type::F64: return TypeF64(state);
 		case IR::Type::U32x3: return TypeU32Vector(state, 3);
 		case IR::Type::U32x4: return TypeU32Vector(state, 4);
 		case IR::Type::F32x2: return TypeF32Vector(state, 2);
@@ -18,10 +18,17 @@ enum class BranchCondition {
 	ExecZero,
 	ExecNonZero,
 	ScalarInstruction,
-	GotoVariable,
+	Expression,
 	Unknown
 };

+struct ConditionExpression {
+	enum class Op { Constant, Variable, Native, Not, Or };
+	Op       op;
+	uint32_t lhs;
+	uint32_t rhs = UINT32_MAX;
+};
+
 enum class TerminatorKind { Branch, ConditionalBranch, IndirectBranch, Return, Unsupported };

 enum class FailureKind {
@@ -48,8 +55,7 @@ struct Terminator {
 	std::vector<uint32_t> indirect_targets;
 	std::vector<uint32_t> indirect_selector_values;
 	std::vector<uint32_t> indirect_selector_targets;
-	uint32_t              goto_variable = UINT32_MAX;
-	int32_t               goto_value    = -1;
+	uint32_t              expression    = UINT32_MAX;
 	bool                  loop_header   = false;
 };

@@ -59,10 +65,11 @@ struct BasicBlock {
 	uint32_t              end_pc     = 0;
 	uint32_t              inst_begin = 0;
 	uint32_t              inst_end   = 0;
+	struct Assignment { uint32_t variable; uint32_t expression; };
+	std::vector<Assignment> assignments;
 	std::vector<uint32_t> predecessors;
 	std::vector<uint32_t> successors;
 	std::vector<uint32_t> dominators;
-	std::vector<uint32_t> post_dominators;
 	Terminator            terminator;
 };

@@ -73,12 +80,9 @@ struct BackEdge {
 };

 struct NaturalLoop {
-	uint32_t              header         = UINT32_MAX;
-	uint32_t              latch          = UINT32_MAX;
-	uint32_t              merge          = UINT32_MAX;
-	uint32_t              continue_block = UINT32_MAX;
+	uint32_t              header = UINT32_MAX;
+	uint32_t              latch  = UINT32_MAX;
 	std::vector<uint32_t> body_blocks;
-	std::vector<uint32_t> exit_blocks;
 };

 struct StronglyConnectedComponent {
@@ -89,6 +93,7 @@ struct StronglyConnectedComponent {

 struct Graph {
 	std::vector<BasicBlock>                 blocks;
+	std::vector<ConditionExpression>        expressions;
 	std::vector<BackEdge>                   back_edges;
 	std::vector<NaturalLoop>                natural_loops;
 	std::vector<StronglyConnectedComponent> components;
@@ -105,14 +110,12 @@ struct Graph {
 	const BasicBlock* FindBlockByPc(uint32_t pc) const;
 	BasicBlock*       FindBlockByPc(uint32_t pc);
 	bool              Dominates(uint32_t dominator, uint32_t block) const;
-	bool              PostDominates(uint32_t post_dominator, uint32_t block) const;
-	uint32_t          FindNearestCommonPostDominator(uint32_t block_a, uint32_t block_b) const;
 };

 Graph       BuildGraph(const Decoder::Program& program);
-// Commits structured control flow on success; preserves the original graph with
-// failure diagnostics on failure. failure_block is an original block ID or UINT32_MAX.
-bool        Structurize(Graph& graph);
+// Returns structured control flow or failure diagnostics without changing the native graph.
+// On failure, failure_block is an original block ID or UINT32_MAX.
+Graph       Structurize(const Graph& graph);
 std::string BranchConditionToString(BranchCondition condition);
 std::string FailureKindToString(FailureKind kind);
 std::string GraphToString(const Graph& graph);
@@ -198,6 +198,8 @@ constexpr Detail::OpcodeMap MIMG_ATOMIC_OPCODE_LIST[] = {
    {0x18u, Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_AND},
    {0x19u, Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_OR},
    {0x1au, Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_XOR},
+    {0x1eu, Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_FMIN},
+    {0x1fu, Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_FMAX},
 };

 constexpr auto MIMG_SAMPLE_OPS = Detail::MakeOpcodeTable<0x100>(MIMG_SAMPLE_OPCODE_LIST);
@@ -579,6 +579,8 @@ std::string InstructionToString(const Instruction& inst) {
 		case Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_AND:
 		case Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_OR:
 		case Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_XOR:
+		case Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_FMIN:
+		case Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_FMAX:
 		case Opcode::IMAGE_LOAD:
 		case Opcode::IMAGE_LOAD_MIP:
 		case Opcode::IMAGE_GET_RESINFO:
@@ -154,6 +154,10 @@ enum class Opcode {
 	V_CUBEMA_F32,
 	V_CNDMASK_B32,
 	V_DOT2C_F32_F16,
+	V_CVT_F64_I32,
+	V_CVT_F32_F64,
+	V_CVT_F64_F32,
+	V_CVT_F64_U32,
 	V_CVT_F32_I32,
 	V_CVT_F32_U32,
 	V_CVT_U32_F32,
@@ -173,6 +177,7 @@ enum class Opcode {
 	V_CVT_F32_UBYTE1,
 	V_CVT_F32_UBYTE2,
 	V_CVT_F32_UBYTE3,
+	V_RCP_F64,
 	V_RCP_F32,
 	V_RCP_IFLAG_F32,
 	V_FRACT_F32,
@@ -234,6 +239,8 @@ enum class Opcode {
 	V_MAD_I32_I24,
 	V_MAD_U32_U24,
 	V_MAD_U64_U32,
+	V_FMA_F64,
+	V_MUL_F64,
 	V_FMA_F32,
 	V_FMA_F16,
 	V_PACK_B32_F16,
@@ -571,6 +578,8 @@ enum class Opcode {
 	IMAGE_ATOMIC_AND,
 	IMAGE_ATOMIC_OR,
 	IMAGE_ATOMIC_XOR,
+	IMAGE_ATOMIC_FMIN,
+	IMAGE_ATOMIC_FMAX,
 	IMAGE_SAMPLE,
 	IMAGE_GATHER4_L,
 	IMAGE_GATHER4_LZ,
@@ -87,6 +87,11 @@ constexpr OpcodeMap VOP1_OPCODE_LIST[] = {
    {0x00u, Opcode::V_NOP},
    {0x01u, Opcode::V_MOV_B32},
    {0x02u, Opcode::V_READFIRSTLANE_B32},
+    {0x04u, Opcode::V_CVT_F64_I32},
+    {0x0fu, Opcode::V_CVT_F32_F64},
+    {0x10u, Opcode::V_CVT_F64_F32},
+    {0x16u, Opcode::V_CVT_F64_U32},
+    {0x2fu, Opcode::V_RCP_F64},
    {0x05u, Opcode::V_CVT_F32_I32},
    {0x06u, Opcode::V_CVT_F32_U32},
    {0x07u, Opcode::V_CVT_U32_F32},
@@ -146,6 +151,11 @@ constexpr OpcodeMap VOP3_ENCODED_VOP1_OPCODE_LIST[] = {
    {0x00u, Opcode::V_NOP},
    {0x01u, Opcode::V_MOV_B32},
    {0x02u, Opcode::V_READFIRSTLANE_B32},
+    {0x04u, Opcode::V_CVT_F64_I32},
+    {0x0fu, Opcode::V_CVT_F32_F64},
+    {0x10u, Opcode::V_CVT_F64_F32},
+    {0x16u, Opcode::V_CVT_F64_U32},
+    {0x2fu, Opcode::V_RCP_F64},
    {0x05u, Opcode::V_CVT_F32_I32},
    {0x06u, Opcode::V_CVT_F32_U32},
    {0x07u, Opcode::V_CVT_U32_F32},
@@ -267,6 +277,8 @@ constexpr OpcodeMap VOP3_OPCODE_LIST[] = {
    {0x146u, Opcode::V_CUBETC_F32},
    {0x147u, Opcode::V_CUBEMA_F32},
    {0x14bu, Opcode::V_FMA_F32},
+    {0x14cu, Opcode::V_FMA_F64},
+    {0x165u, Opcode::V_MUL_F64},
    {0x148u, Opcode::V_BFE_U32},
    {0x149u, Opcode::V_BFE_I32},
    {0x14au, Opcode::V_BFI_B32},
@@ -452,6 +464,9 @@ bool IsVopcCompareExec(Opcode opcode);

 bool IsVop1FloatSourceOpcode(Opcode opcode) {
 	switch (opcode) {
+		case Opcode::V_CVT_F32_F64:
+		case Opcode::V_CVT_F64_F32:
+		case Opcode::V_RCP_F64:
 		case Opcode::V_MOV_B32:
 		case Opcode::V_CVT_F32_F16:
 		case Opcode::V_CVT_U32_F32:
@@ -527,6 +542,7 @@ constexpr Vop1SdwaRule VOP1_SDWA_RULES[] = {
    {Opcode::V_NOT_B32, SdwaSelBytes() | SdwaSelWords() | SdwaSelFull(), SdwaSelBytes() | SdwaSelWords(),
     SdwaSelBytes() | SdwaSelWords() | SdwaSelFull(), false},
    {Opcode::V_FFBL_B32, SdwaSelBytes() | SdwaSelWords() | SdwaSelFull(), 0, 0, false},
+    {Opcode::V_FFBH_U32, SdwaSelBytes() | SdwaSelWords() | SdwaSelFull(), 0, 0, false},
    {Opcode::V_CVT_F32_F16, SdwaSelWords() | SdwaSelFull(), 0, 0, true},
    {Opcode::V_CVT_F16_F32, SdwaSelBytes() | SdwaSelWords() | SdwaSelFull(), SdwaSelWords(),
     SdwaSelBytes() | SdwaSelWords() | SdwaSelFull(), true},
@@ -709,6 +725,12 @@ void ApplyDppModifier(Operand& operand, uint32_t modifier, uint32_t encoding) {

 void DecodeVop1Dpp(uint32_t pc, std::span<const uint32_t> code, uint32_t word_index,
                   uint32_t opcode, uint32_t vdst, Instruction& inst) {
+	if (inst.opcode == Opcode::V_CVT_F64_I32 || inst.opcode == Opcode::V_CVT_F32_F64 ||
+	    inst.opcode == Opcode::V_CVT_F64_F32 || inst.opcode == Opcode::V_CVT_F64_U32 ||
+	    inst.opcode == Opcode::V_RCP_F64) {
+		SetUnsupported(inst, Family::VOP1, opcode, "FP64 instructions do not support DPP");
+		return;
+	}
 	const auto modifier = code[word_index + 1u];
 	const auto src0     = modifier & 0xffu;
 	SetRawWords(inst, code, word_index, 2);
@@ -758,6 +780,7 @@ bool IsVop2FloatOpcode(Opcode opcode) {

 bool IsVop1FloatResultOpcode(Opcode opcode) {
 	switch (opcode) {
+		case Opcode::V_CVT_F32_F64:
 		case Opcode::V_CVT_F32_I32:
 		case Opcode::V_CVT_F32_U32:
 		case Opcode::V_CVT_F32_F16:
@@ -1178,6 +1201,7 @@ void DecodeVopcDpp(uint32_t pc, std::span<const uint32_t> code, uint32_t word_in

 uint32_t NativeVop3SourceCount(Opcode opcode) {
 	switch (opcode) {
+		case Opcode::V_MUL_F64:
 		case Opcode::V_MUL_LO_U32:
 		case Opcode::V_MUL_HI_U32:
 		case Opcode::V_MUL_LO_I32:
@@ -1328,6 +1352,8 @@ bool SupportsNativeVop3SourceModifiers(Opcode opcode) {
 		case Opcode::V_MAX_F32:
 		case Opcode::V_MAC_F32:
 		case Opcode::V_MAD_F32:
+		case Opcode::V_MUL_F64:
+		case Opcode::V_FMA_F64:
 		case Opcode::V_FMA_F32:
 		case Opcode::V_PACK_B32_F16:
 		case Opcode::V_CUBEID_F32:
@@ -1360,6 +1386,7 @@ bool SupportsNativeVop3ResultModifiers(Opcode opcode) {
 		case Opcode::V_MAD_F32:
 		case Opcode::V_FMA_F32:
 		case Opcode::V_FMA_F16:
+		case Opcode::V_CUBEID_F32:
 		case Opcode::V_CVT_PKRTZ_F16_F32:
 		case Opcode::V_LDEXP_F32:
 		case Opcode::V_MIN3_F32:
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ void Translator::EmitFloatCompare(const Decoder::Instruction& inst, IR::ValueOpc
 	    half ? IR::Value(ReadF16AsF32(inst.src0)) : ReadOperand(inst.src0, IR::Type::F32);
 	const auto rhs =
 	    half ? IR::Value(ReadF16AsF32(inst.src1)) : ReadOperand(inst.src1, IR::Type::F32);
-	EmitCompareResult(inst, IR::U1(ir.Emit(opcode, {lhs, rhs})), false, cmpx);
+	const IR::FPCompareFlags flags{.flush_input_denorms = !half && flush_f32_inputs};
+	EmitCompareResult(inst, IR::U1(ir.Emit(opcode, {lhs, rhs}, flags)), false, cmpx);
 }

 void Translator::EmitFloatOrderedCompare(const Decoder::Instruction& inst, bool ordered, bool cmpx) {
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ Decoder::Operand MemorySourceAt(const Decoder::Instruction& decoded, uint32_t in
 		const bool store_or_atomic = decoded.opcode == Decoder::Opcode::IMAGE_STORE ||
 		                             decoded.opcode == Decoder::Opcode::IMAGE_STORE_MIP ||
 		                             (decoded.opcode >= Decoder::Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_SWAP &&
-		                              decoded.opcode <= Decoder::Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_XOR);
+		                              decoded.opcode <= Decoder::Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_FMAX);
 		if (store_or_atomic) {
 			return index == 0u ? decoded.dst : decoded.src0;
 		}
@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ Decoder::Operand MemorySourceAt(const Decoder::Instruction& decoded, uint32_t in
 				return index == 0u ? decoded.src0 : MakeImmediate(decoded.offset & 0xffffu);
 			case Decoder::Opcode::DS_CONSUME:
 			case Decoder::Opcode::DS_APPEND:
+				return decoded.gds ? MakeM0Operand() : MakeImmediate(0);
 			case Decoder::Opcode::DS_READ_ADDTID_B32: return MakeM0Operand();
 			case Decoder::Opcode::DS_WRITE_ADDTID_B32:
 				return index == 0u ? decoded.src1 : MakeM0Operand();
@@ -845,8 +846,7 @@ void Translator::DS_MINMAX_F32(const Decoder::Instruction& inst, IR::ValueOpcode
 void Translator::DS_APPEND_CONSUME(const Decoder::Instruction& inst, IR::ValueOpcode opcode) {
 	const auto memory = MemoryInfoFromDecoded(inst);
 	WriteOperand(inst.dst, ir.Emit(opcode,
-	                               {ReadU32(MemorySourceAt(inst, 0)), ir.GetExec(), ir.GetExecLo(),
-	                                ir.GetExecHi()},
+	                               {ReadU32(MemorySourceAt(inst, 0)), ir.GetExec()},
 	                               AddMemoryInfo(memory, inst.pc)));
 }

@@ -1026,6 +1026,10 @@ void Translator::EmitMemory(const Decoder::Instruction& inst) {
 			return IMAGE_ATOMIC(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::ImageAtomicOr32);
 		case Decoder::Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_XOR:
 			return IMAGE_ATOMIC(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::ImageAtomicXor32);
+		case Decoder::Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_FMIN:
+			return IMAGE_ATOMIC(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::ImageAtomicFMin32);
+		case Decoder::Opcode::IMAGE_ATOMIC_FMAX:
+			return IMAGE_ATOMIC(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::ImageAtomicFMax32);

 		case Decoder::Opcode::FLAT_LOAD_UBYTE:
 		case Decoder::Opcode::FLAT_LOAD_SBYTE:
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@

 #include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
+#include <bit>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <utility>

@@ -225,9 +226,28 @@ IR::Value Translator::ReadOperand(const Decoder::Operand& operand, IR::Type type
 		}
 		return ir.INotEqual(ReadRawU32(operand), IR::U32(IR::Value(0u)));
 	}
-	if (type == IR::Type::U64) {
-		const auto pair = ReadU32Pair(operand);
-		return ir.ConstructU64(pair[0], pair[1]);
+	if (type == IR::Type::U64 || type == IR::Type::F64) {
+		auto pair = ReadU32Pair(operand);
+		if (type == IR::Type::F64) {
+			if (operand.kind == Decoder::OperandKind::LiteralConstant) {
+				pair = {IR::U32(IR::Value(0u)), IR::U32(IR::Value(operand.value))};
+			} else if (operand.kind == Decoder::OperandKind::FloatInlineConstant) {
+				const auto bits = operand.value == 0x3e22f983u
+				                      ? 0x3fc45f306dc9c882ull
+				                      : std::bit_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<double>(
+				                            std::bit_cast<float>(operand.value)));
+				pair            = {IR::U32(IR::Value(static_cast<uint32_t>(bits))),
+				                   IR::U32(IR::Value(static_cast<uint32_t>(bits >> 32u)))};
+			}
+			if (operand.absolute) {
+				pair[1] = ir.BitwiseAnd(pair[1], IR::U32(IR::Value(0x7fffffffu)));
+			}
+			if (operand.negate) {
+				pair[1] = ir.BitwiseXor(pair[1], IR::U32(IR::Value(0x80000000u)));
+			}
+		}
+		const auto bits = ir.ConstructU64(pair[0], pair[1]);
+		return type == IR::Type::F64 ? ir.Emit(IR::ValueOpcode::BitCastF64U64, {bits}) : IR::Value(bits);
 	}
 	auto bits = ApplyBitSourceModifiers(operand, ReadRawU32(operand));
 	if (TypesOverlap(type, IR::Type::F32) && !TypesOverlap(type, IR::Type::U32)) {
@@ -297,6 +317,7 @@ void Translator::WriteRawU32(const Decoder::Operand& operand, IR::U32 value) {
 		case Decoder::OperandKind::Sgpr: {
 			const auto reg = static_cast<IR::ScalarReg>(operand.reg);
 			ir.SetScalarReg(reg, value);
+			program.scalar_writes.push_back({current_pc, reg});
 			ir.SetScalarMaskTag(reg, IR::U1(IR::Value(false)));
 			if (IR::RegIndex(reg) > 0u) {
 				ir.SetScalarMaskTag(static_cast<IR::ScalarReg>(IR::RegIndex(reg) - 1u),
@@ -403,6 +424,10 @@ void Translator::WriteOperand(const Decoder::Operand& operand, IR::Value value)
 		Write16Bits(operand, IR::U32(ir.Emit(IR::ValueOpcode::ConvertU32U16, {bits})));
 		return;
 	}
+	if (type == IR::Type::F64) {
+		value = ir.Emit(IR::ValueOpcode::BitCastU64F64, {value});
+		type  = IR::Type::U64;
+	}
 	if (type == IR::Type::U64) {
 		WriteU32Pair(operand, {ir.CompositeExtract(value, 0), ir.CompositeExtract(value, 1)});
 		return;
@@ -675,11 +700,13 @@ std::array<IR::U32, 2> Translator::WriteMask(const Decoder::Operand& operand, IR
 				                    IR::U1(IR::Value(false)));
 			}
 			ir.SetScalarReg(reg, mask[0]);
+			program.scalar_writes.push_back({current_pc, reg});
 			// A wave32 VALU mask destination must not overwrite the neighboring SGPR.
 			if ((write_64 || program.wave_size == 64u) &&
 			    IR::RegIndex(reg) + 1u < IR::NumScalarRegs) {
 				const auto high = static_cast<IR::ScalarReg>(IR::RegIndex(reg) + 1u);
 				ir.SetScalarReg(high, mask[1]);
+				program.scalar_writes.push_back({current_pc, high});
 				ir.SetThreadBitScalarReg(high, IR::U1(IR::Value(false)));
 				ir.SetScalarMaskTag(high, IR::U1(IR::Value(false)));
 			}
@@ -722,55 +749,61 @@ void Translator::WriteCompareResult(const Decoder::Operand& operand, IR::U1 valu
 	WriteMask(operand, ir.LogicalAnd(ir.GetExec(), value));
 }

-void Translator::AddBranchCondition(const CFG::BasicBlock& source, IR::BlockInfo& info) {
-	if (source.terminator.goto_value >= 0) {
-		if (source.terminator.goto_variable == UINT32_MAX) {
-			EXIT("block %u sets an invalid goto variable", source.id);
+void Translator::AddBranchCondition(const CFG::Graph& graph, const CFG::BasicBlock& source,
+                                    IR::BlockInfo& info) {
+	const auto native_condition = [&](CFG::BranchCondition kind) -> IR::U1 {
+		IR::U1 condition;
+		switch (kind) {
+			case CFG::BranchCondition::Always: condition = IR::U1(IR::Value(true)); break;
+			case CFG::BranchCondition::SccZero: condition = ir.LogicalNot(ir.GetScc()); break;
+			case CFG::BranchCondition::SccNonZero: condition = ir.GetScc(); break;
+			case CFG::BranchCondition::VccZero: condition = ir.LogicalNot(ir.GetVcc()); break;
+			case CFG::BranchCondition::VccNonZero: condition = ir.GetVcc(); break;
+			case CFG::BranchCondition::ExecZero: condition = ir.LogicalNot(ir.GetExec()); break;
+			case CFG::BranchCondition::ExecNonZero: condition = ir.GetExec(); break;
+			case CFG::BranchCondition::ScalarInstruction:
+				EXIT_IF(instruction_branch_condition.IsEmpty());
+				condition = instruction_branch_condition;
+				break;
+			default: EXIT("block %u has an invalid native branch condition", source.id);
 		}
-		ir.SetGotoVariable(source.terminator.goto_variable,
-		                   IR::U1(IR::Value(source.terminator.goto_value != 0)));
+		return IR::U1(ir.Emit(IR::ValueOpcode::ConditionRef, {condition}, kind));
+	};
+	const auto expression = [&](auto&& self, uint32_t index) -> IR::U1 {
+		const auto& value = graph.expressions.at(index);
+		switch (value.op) {
+			case CFG::ConditionExpression::Op::Constant: return IR::U1(IR::Value(value.lhs != 0));
+			case CFG::ConditionExpression::Op::Variable: return ir.GetGotoVariable(value.lhs);
+			case CFG::ConditionExpression::Op::Native:
+				return native_condition(static_cast<CFG::BranchCondition>(value.lhs));
+			case CFG::ConditionExpression::Op::Not: return ir.LogicalNot(self(self, value.lhs));
+			case CFG::ConditionExpression::Op::Or:
+				return ir.LogicalOr(self(self, value.lhs), self(self, value.rhs));
+		}
+		EXIT("invalid CFG condition expression");
+	};
+	for (const auto& assignment: source.assignments) {
+		ir.SetGotoVariable(assignment.variable, expression(expression, assignment.expression));
 	}
-	if (source.terminator.kind == CFG::TerminatorKind::IndirectBranch) {
-		if (source.terminator.indirect_selector_code != UINT32_MAX) {
-			info.indirect_target = ReadScalarCode(source.terminator.indirect_selector_code);
-		} else if (source.terminator.indirect_pc_sgpr != UINT32_MAX) {
-			info.indirect_target =
-			    ir.GetScalarReg(static_cast<IR::ScalarReg>(source.terminator.indirect_pc_sgpr));
+	const auto& term = source.terminator;
+	if (term.kind == CFG::TerminatorKind::IndirectBranch) {
+		if (term.indirect_selector_code != UINT32_MAX) {
+			info.indirect_target = ReadScalarCode(term.indirect_selector_code);
+		} else if (term.indirect_pc_sgpr != UINT32_MAX) {
+			info.indirect_target = ir.GetScalarReg(static_cast<IR::ScalarReg>(term.indirect_pc_sgpr));
 		} else {
 			EXIT("block %u has no indirect branch selector", source.id);
 		}
 		ir.Emit(IR::ValueOpcode::ReferenceU32, {info.indirect_target});
 		return;
 	}
-	if (source.terminator.kind != CFG::TerminatorKind::ConditionalBranch) {
-		return;
+	if (term.kind == CFG::TerminatorKind::ConditionalBranch) {
+		const auto condition = term.expression != UINT32_MAX
+		                           ? expression(expression, term.expression)
+		                           : native_condition(term.condition);
+		info.condition = condition;
+		ir.Emit(IR::ValueOpcode::Reference, {condition});
 	}
-	// EXEC and VCC are invocation-local Boolean masks. Branching on that Boolean lets inactive
-	// invocations leave the region without reconstructing a host-subgroup mask.
-	IR::U1 condition;
-	switch (source.terminator.condition) {
-		case CFG::BranchCondition::Always: condition = IR::U1(IR::Value(true)); break;
-		case CFG::BranchCondition::SccZero: condition = ir.LogicalNot(ir.GetScc()); break;
-		case CFG::BranchCondition::SccNonZero: condition = ir.GetScc(); break;
-		case CFG::BranchCondition::VccZero: condition = ir.LogicalNot(ir.GetVcc()); break;
-		case CFG::BranchCondition::VccNonZero: condition = ir.GetVcc(); break;
-		case CFG::BranchCondition::ExecZero: condition = ir.LogicalNot(ir.GetExec()); break;
-		case CFG::BranchCondition::ExecNonZero: condition = ir.GetExec(); break;
-		case CFG::BranchCondition::ScalarInstruction:
-			EXIT_IF(instruction_branch_condition.IsEmpty());
-			condition = instruction_branch_condition;
-			break;
-		case CFG::BranchCondition::GotoVariable:
-			if (source.terminator.goto_variable == UINT32_MAX) {
-				EXIT("block %u reads an invalid goto variable", source.id);
-			}
-			condition = ir.GetGotoVariable(source.terminator.goto_variable);
-			break;
-		case CFG::BranchCondition::Unknown:
-			EXIT("block %u has an unknown branch condition", source.id);
-	}
-	info.condition = condition;
-	ir.Emit(IR::ValueOpcode::Reference, {condition});
 }

 namespace {
@@ -842,6 +875,16 @@ void IncludeInstructionVectorRegisters(const Decoder::Instruction& inst, uint32_
 	include_vector(inst.src1);
 	include_vector(inst.src2);
 	include_vector(inst.src3);
+	switch (inst.opcode) {
+		case Decoder::Opcode::V_CVT_F64_I32:
+		case Decoder::Opcode::V_CVT_F64_F32:
+		case Decoder::Opcode::V_CVT_F64_U32: include_vector(inst.dst, 2u); break;
+		case Decoder::Opcode::V_FMA_F64: include_vector(inst.src2, 2u); [[fallthrough]];
+		case Decoder::Opcode::V_MUL_F64: include_vector(inst.src1, 2u); [[fallthrough]];
+		case Decoder::Opcode::V_RCP_F64: include_vector(inst.dst, 2u); [[fallthrough]];
+		case Decoder::Opcode::V_CVT_F32_F64: include_vector(inst.src0, 2u); break;
+		default: break;
+	}
 	if (inst.family == Decoder::Family::DS) {
 		switch (inst.opcode) {
 			case Decoder::Opcode::DS_WRITE_B64:
@@ -1240,9 +1283,11 @@ IR::Program TranslateProgram(const Decoder::Program& decoded, const CFG::Graph&
 			                      builtin(IR::StageInputKind::InstanceIndex));
 		}
 	}
+	const bool flush_f32_inputs = options.stage == ShaderType::Compute &&
+	                             (options.input_info.compute->float_mode & 0x10u) == 0;
 	for (const auto& cfg_block: cfg.blocks) {
 		const auto typed_index = block_indices.at(cfg_block.id);
-		Translator translator(result, result.blocks[typed_index], vector_limit);
+		Translator translator(result, result.blocks[typed_index], vector_limit, flush_f32_inputs);
 		for (uint32_t index = cfg_block.inst_begin; index < cfg_block.inst_end; index++) {
 			const auto& instruction = decoded.instructions[index];
 			if (IsCodeTableLoad(cfg, instruction.pc)) {
@@ -1265,7 +1310,7 @@ IR::Program TranslateProgram(const Decoder::Program& decoded, const CFG::Graph&
 			}
 			translator.TranslateInstruction(instruction);
 		}
-		translator.AddBranchCondition(cfg_block, result.block_info[typed_index]);
+		translator.AddBranchCondition(cfg, cfg_block, result.block_info[typed_index]);
 	}
 	IR::ValidateProgram(result, false);
 	return result;
@@ -9,13 +9,15 @@ namespace Libs::Graphics::ShaderRecompiler::Frontend {

 class Translator {
 public:
-	Translator(IR::Program& program, IR::Block* block, uint32_t vector_limit)
-	    : program(program), ir(block), current_vector_limit(vector_limit) {}
+	Translator(IR::Program& program, IR::Block* block, uint32_t vector_limit,
+	           bool flush_f32_inputs)
+	    : program(program), ir(block), current_vector_limit(vector_limit),
+	      flush_f32_inputs(flush_f32_inputs) {}

 	void TranslateInstruction(const Decoder::Instruction& inst);
 	void TranslateEmbeddedFetch(const Decoder::Instruction& inst, uint32_t attribute,
 	                            uint32_t component_count, const ShaderBufferResource& resource);
-	void AddBranchCondition(const CFG::BasicBlock& source, IR::BlockInfo& info);
+	void AddBranchCondition(const CFG::Graph& graph, const CFG::BasicBlock& source, IR::BlockInfo& info);

 private:
 	const Decoder::Operand& SourceAt(const Decoder::Instruction& inst, uint32_t index);
@@ -261,6 +263,7 @@ private:
 	Decoder::Opcode current_opcode       = Decoder::Opcode::UNKNOWN;
 	uint32_t        current_pc           = 0;
 	uint32_t        current_vector_limit = 1;
+	bool            flush_f32_inputs;
 };

 } // namespace Libs::Graphics::ShaderRecompiler::Frontend
@@ -297,6 +297,10 @@ void Translator::EmitVector(const Decoder::Instruction& inst) {
 		case O::V_CVT_F32_UBYTE3: V_CVT_F32_UBYTE(inst, 3); return;
 		case O::V_CVT_F32_U32: V_CVT_F32_U32(inst); return;
 		case O::V_CVT_F32_I32: V_CVT_F32_I32(inst); return;
+		case O::V_CVT_F64_I32: return FloatUnary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::ConvertF64S32);
+		case O::V_CVT_F32_F64: return FloatUnary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::ConvertF32F64);
+		case O::V_CVT_F64_F32: return FloatUnary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::ConvertF64F32);
+		case O::V_CVT_F64_U32: return FloatUnary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::ConvertF64U32);
 		case O::V_CVT_U32_F32: V_CVT_U32_F32(inst); return;
 		case O::V_CVT_I32_F32: V_CVT_I32_F32(inst); return;
 		case O::V_CVT_F16_F32: V_CVT_F16_F32(inst); return;
@@ -394,6 +398,7 @@ void Translator::EmitVector(const Decoder::Instruction& inst) {

 		case O::V_FREXP_MANT_F32: return V_FREXP_MANT_F32(inst);
 		case O::V_RCP_F32: return FloatUnary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPRecip32);
+		case O::V_RCP_F64: return FloatUnary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPRecip64);
 		case O::V_RCP_IFLAG_F32: return FloatUnary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPRecipIFlag32);
 		case O::V_FRACT_F32: return FloatUnary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPFract32);
 		case O::V_TRUNC_F32: return FloatUnary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPTrunc32);
@@ -410,6 +415,7 @@ void Translator::EmitVector(const Decoder::Instruction& inst) {
 		case O::V_SUB_F32: return FloatBinary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPSub32, false);
 		case O::V_SUBREV_F32: return FloatBinary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPSub32, true);
 		case O::V_MUL_F32: return FloatBinary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPMul32, false);
+		case O::V_MUL_F64: return FloatBinary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPMul64, false);
 		case O::V_MIN_F32: return FloatBinary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPMin32, false);
 		case O::V_MAX_F32: return FloatBinary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPMax32, false);
 		case O::V_LDEXP_F32: return FloatBinary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPLdexp, false);
@@ -418,6 +424,7 @@ void Translator::EmitVector(const Decoder::Instruction& inst) {
 		case O::V_MADAK_F32:
 		case O::V_MAD_F32:
 		case O::V_FMA_F32: return FloatTernary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPFma32, false, true);
+		case O::V_FMA_F64: return FloatTernary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPFma64, false, false);
 		case O::V_MIN3_F32: return FloatTernary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPMinTri32, false, false);
 		case O::V_MAX3_F32: return FloatTernary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPMaxTri32, false, false);
 		case O::V_MED3_F32: return FloatTernary(inst, IR::ValueOpcode::FPMedTri32, false, false);
@@ -81,7 +81,8 @@ bool EquivalentValue(const ResourcePlan& program, Value left, Value right,
 		    program.memory_info[li] != program.memory_info[ri]) {
 			return false;
 		}
-	} else if (lhs->Flags<uint64_t>() != rhs->Flags<uint64_t>()) {
+	} else if (lhs->GetOpcode() != ValueOpcode::ReadConst &&
+	           lhs->Flags<uint64_t>() != rhs->Flags<uint64_t>()) {
 		return false;
 	}
 	for (size_t index = 0; index < lhs->NumArgs(); index++) {
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ struct SamplerResource {
 	uint32_t first_use_pc          = 0;
 	bool     force_point_filtering = false;
 	bool     depth_compare         = false;
+	bool     integer_border        = false;

 	bool operator==(const SamplerResource& other) const = default;
 };
@@ -548,7 +549,7 @@ struct ResourcePlan {
 	std::vector<SrtRead>                srt_reads;
 	std::vector<uint8_t>                clean_flat_slots;
 	bool                                requires_specialization_memory = false;
-	bool                                has_address_writes = false;
+	bool                                capture_specialization_reads = false;
 	bool                                srt_plan_complete          = false;
 	bool                                resource_tracking_complete = false;
 	ShaderInfo                          info;
@@ -582,10 +583,12 @@ struct Program: ResourcePlan {
 	CFG::FailureKind              cfg_failure_kind    = CFG::FailureKind::None;
 	std::string                   fallback_reason;
 	std::vector<BlockInfo>        block_info;
+	struct ScalarWrite { uint32_t pc; ScalarReg reg; };
+	std::vector<ScalarWrite>      scalar_writes;
 	// Typed memory and export instructions reference shader-local metadata by dense index.
 	// Decoder-only details (such as NSA register numbers) have already become IR operands.
 	std::vector<ExportInfo>       export_info;
-	std::vector<Value>            dynamic_reads;
+	bool                          has_address_writes = false;
 	bool                          shader_info_complete = false;
 	BindingLayout                 bindings;
 	bool                          binding_layout_complete = false;
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ std::string TypeName(Type type) {
 	    "ImageResource",
 	    "SamplerResource",
 	    "ImageAddress",
+	    "F64",
 	};
 	const auto bits = static_cast<uint32_t>(type);
 	if (bits == 0) {
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ enum class Type : uint32_t {
 	ImageResource   = 1u << 17u,
 	SamplerResource = 1u << 18u,
 	ImageAddress    = 1u << 19u,
+	F64             = 1u << 20u,
 };

 constexpr Type operator|(Type lhs, Type rhs) {
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ constexpr Type U32             = Type::U32;
 constexpr Type U64             = Type::U64;
 constexpr Type F16             = Type::F16;
 constexpr Type F32             = Type::F32;
+constexpr Type F64             = Type::F64;
 constexpr Type U32x2           = Type::U32x2;
 constexpr Type U32x3           = Type::U32x3;
 constexpr Type U32x4           = Type::U32x4;
@@ -220,6 +221,8 @@ ImageOpcodeInfo ImageOpcodeInfoOf(ValueOpcode opcode) {
 		case ValueOpcode::ImageAtomicAnd32:
 		case ValueOpcode::ImageAtomicOr32:
 		case ValueOpcode::ImageAtomicXor32:
+		case ValueOpcode::ImageAtomicFMin32:
+		case ValueOpcode::ImageAtomicFMax32:
 			return {ImageAccess::Atomic, ImageResourceClass::Storage, false};
 		default: return {};
 	}
@@ -52,6 +52,10 @@ struct PermlaneFlags {
 static_assert(sizeof(PermlaneFlags) <= sizeof(uint64_t));
 static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable_v<PermlaneFlags>);

+struct FPCompareFlags {
+	bool flush_input_denorms = false;
+};
+
 struct MemoryFlags {
 	uint32_t index = 0;
 	uint32_t pc    = 0;
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ VALUE_OPCODE(Identity, Opaque, Opaque)
 VALUE_OPCODE(Void, Void)
 VALUE_OPCODE(Reference, Void, U1)
 VALUE_OPCODE(ReferenceU32, Void, U32)
+VALUE_OPCODE(ConditionRef, U1, U1)

 // Translation and register-state pseudo operations.
 VALUE_OPCODE(GetUserData, U32, ScalarReg)
@@ -52,6 +53,8 @@ VALUE_OPCODE(BitCastU16F16, U16, F16)
 VALUE_OPCODE(BitCastF16U16, F16, U16)
 VALUE_OPCODE(BitCastU32F32, U32, F32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(BitCastF32U32, F32, U32)
+VALUE_OPCODE(BitCastU64F64, U64, F64)
+VALUE_OPCODE(BitCastF64U64, F64, U64)
 VALUE_OPCODE(ConvertU16U32, U16, U32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(ConvertU32U16, U32, U16)
 VALUE_OPCODE(ConvertU8U32, U8, U32)
@@ -61,7 +64,11 @@ VALUE_OPCODE(ConvertF16F32, F16, F32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(ConvertS32F32, U32, F32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(ConvertU32F32, U32, F32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(ConvertF32S32, F32, U32)
+VALUE_OPCODE(ConvertF64S32, F64, U32)
+VALUE_OPCODE(ConvertF32F64, F32, F64)
+VALUE_OPCODE(ConvertF64F32, F64, F32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(ConvertF32U32, F32, U32)
+VALUE_OPCODE(ConvertF64U32, F64, U32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(CompositeConstructU64, U64, U32, U32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(CompositeConstructU32x2, U32x2, U32, U32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(CompositeConstructU32x3, U32x3, U32, U32, U32)
@@ -166,6 +173,9 @@ VALUE_OPCODE(FPAdd32, F32, F32, F32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(FPSub32, F32, F32, F32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(FPFma32, F32, F32, F32, F32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(FPMul32, F32, F32, F32)
+VALUE_OPCODE(FPMul64, F64, F64, F64)
+VALUE_OPCODE(FPFma64, F64, F64, F64, F64)
+VALUE_OPCODE(FPRecip64, F64, F64)
 VALUE_OPCODE(FPMin32, F32, F32, F32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(FPMax32, F32, F32, F32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(FPMinTri32, F32, F32, F32, F32)
@@ -267,8 +277,8 @@ VALUE_OPCODE(SharedAtomicUMax32, U32, U32, U32, U1)
 VALUE_OPCODE(SharedAtomicAnd32, U32, U32, U32, U1)
 VALUE_OPCODE(SharedAtomicOr32, U32, U32, U32, U1)
 VALUE_OPCODE(SharedAtomicXor32, U32, U32, U32, U1)
-VALUE_OPCODE(DataAppend, U32, U32, U1, U32, U32)
-VALUE_OPCODE(DataConsume, U32, U32, U1, U32, U32)
+VALUE_OPCODE(DataAppend, U32, U32, U1)
+VALUE_OPCODE(DataConsume, U32, U32, U1)
 VALUE_OPCODE(SwizzleU32, U32, U32, U32, U1)

 VALUE_OPCODE(ImageQueryDimensions, U32x4, ImageResource, ImageAddress)
@@ -284,6 +294,8 @@ VALUE_OPCODE(ImageAtomicUMax32, U32, ImageResource, ImageAddress, U32, U1)
 VALUE_OPCODE(ImageAtomicAnd32, U32, ImageResource, ImageAddress, U32, U1)
 VALUE_OPCODE(ImageAtomicOr32, U32, ImageResource, ImageAddress, U32, U1)
 VALUE_OPCODE(ImageAtomicXor32, U32, ImageResource, ImageAddress, U32, U1)
+VALUE_OPCODE(ImageAtomicFMin32, U32, ImageResource, ImageAddress, U32, U1)
+VALUE_OPCODE(ImageAtomicFMax32, U32, ImageResource, ImageAddress, U32, U1)
 VALUE_OPCODE(GetAttribute, U32, U32, U32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(GetInterpolationParameter, U32, U32, U32, U32)
 VALUE_OPCODE(SetAttribute, Void, U32x4, U1)
@@ -46,28 +46,54 @@ void AddBinding(BindingLayout& layout, DescriptorBindingKind kind,
 	layout.descriptors.push_back({kind, std::move(resources)});
 }

-bool UsesGds(const Program& program) {
+} // namespace
+
+bool CollectMemoryResources(const Program& program, std::vector<uint32_t>& buffers) {
+	std::array<bool, ShaderInfo::MaxBuffers> live_buffers {};
 	bool uses_gds = false;
 	for (const auto* block: program.blocks) {
 		for (const auto& inst: *block) {
-			if (SharedAccessOf(inst.GetOpcode()) == SharedAccess::None) {
+			const auto op = inst.GetOpcode();
+			if (BufferAccessOf(op) == BufferAccess::None &&
+			    SharedAccessOf(op) == SharedAccess::None) {
 				continue;
 			}
 			const auto index = inst.Flags<MemoryFlags>().index;
 			if (index >= program.memory_info.size()) {
-				BindingFail("typed shader contains invalid shared-memory metadata");
+				BindingFail("typed shader contains invalid memory metadata");
 			}
-			const auto kind = program.memory_info[index].kind;
-			if (kind != ResourceKind::Lds && kind != ResourceKind::Gds) {
-				BindingFail("typed shader contains invalid shared-memory metadata");
+			const auto& memory = program.memory_info[index];
+			if (memory.planning_only) {
+				continue;
 			}
-			uses_gds |= kind == ResourceKind::Gds;
+			if (SharedAccessOf(op) != SharedAccess::None) {
+				if (memory.kind != ResourceKind::Lds && memory.kind != ResourceKind::Gds) {
+					BindingFail("typed shader contains invalid shared-memory metadata");
+				}
+				uses_gds |= memory.kind == ResourceKind::Gds;
+			} else if (memory.kind == ResourceKind::Buffer || memory.kind == ResourceKind::ScalarBuffer) {
+				EXIT_IF(memory.resource >= program.info.buffers.size());
+				live_buffers.at(memory.resource) = true;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < program.info.buffers.size(); i++) {
+		if (live_buffers.at(i)) {
+			buffers.push_back(i);
 		}
 	}
 	return uses_gds;
 }

-} // namespace
+bool UsesFlattenedSrt(const Program& program) {
+	return std::ranges::any_of(program.blocks, [](const Block* block) {
+		return std::ranges::any_of(*block, [](const Inst& inst) {
+			return inst.GetOpcode() == ValueOpcode::ReadConst;
+		});
+	}) || std::ranges::any_of(program.info.images, [](const ImageResource& image) {
+		return image.indirect_search_iterations != 0u;
+	});
+}

 void AllocateBindings(Program& program, uint32_t push_data_start_dword) {
 	if (!program.shader_info_complete || program.binding_layout_complete) {
@@ -76,18 +102,17 @@ void AllocateBindings(Program& program, uint32_t push_data_start_dword) {
 		                                             : "binding layout already allocated");
 	}
 	BindingLayout next;
+	std::vector<uint32_t> buffers;
+	const bool            uses_gds = CollectMemoryResources(program, buffers);
 	next.user_data_registers = CollectUserData(program);
 	next.memory_offset_dword = static_cast<uint32_t>(next.user_data_registers.size());
-	next.memory_offset_count = static_cast<uint32_t>(program.info.buffers.size());
+	next.memory_offset_count       = static_cast<uint32_t>(buffers.size());
 	next.push_data_start_dword =
 	    PushData::StartFor(push_data_start_dword, next.ShaderDataDwords());

-	if (!program.info.buffers.empty()) {
-		std::vector<uint32_t> resources(program.info.buffers.size());
-		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < resources.size(); i++) {
-			resources[i] = i;
-		}
-		AddBinding(next, DescriptorBindingKind::Buffers, std::move(resources));
+	if (!buffers.empty()) {
+		// Draw binding accesses this first group directly when memory_offset_count is nonzero.
+		AddBinding(next, DescriptorBindingKind::Buffers, std::move(buffers));
 	}

 	std::array<std::vector<uint32_t>, ImageBindingCount> image_groups;
@@ -123,19 +148,14 @@ void AllocateBindings(Program& program, uint32_t push_data_start_dword) {
 		}
 		AddBinding(next, DescriptorBindingKind::Samplers, std::move(resources));
 	}
-	if (UsesGds(program)) {
+	if (uses_gds) {
 		AddBinding(next, DescriptorBindingKind::Gds);
 	}
 	if (program.info.uses_dma) {
 		AddBinding(next, DescriptorBindingKind::BdaPagetable);
 		AddBinding(next, DescriptorBindingKind::FaultBuffer);
 	}
-	const bool uses_flattened_runtime =
-	    !program.srt_reads.empty() ||
-	    std::ranges::any_of(program.info.images, [](const ImageResource& image) {
-		    return image.indirect_search_iterations != 0u;
-	    });
-	if (uses_flattened_runtime) {
+	if (UsesFlattenedSrt(program)) {
 		AddBinding(next, DescriptorBindingKind::FlattenedSrt);
 	}

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ namespace Libs::Graphics::ShaderRecompiler::IR {

 void AllocateBindings(Program& program, uint32_t push_data_start_dword = 0);

+// Collect live direct buffer indices and report whether the shader accesses GDS.
+bool CollectMemoryResources(const Program& program, std::vector<uint32_t>& buffers);
+bool UsesFlattenedSrt(const Program& program);
+
 const DescriptorBinding* FindBinding(const BindingLayout& layout, DescriptorBindingKind kind);

 } // namespace Libs::Graphics::ShaderRecompiler::IR
@@ -630,6 +630,11 @@ void FoldInstruction(Block& block, Block::iterator instruction,
 				}
 			}
 			return;
+		case ValueOpcode::ConditionRef: {
+			const auto value = Arg(inst, 0);
+			if (IsImmediate(value, Type::U1)) Replace(inst, value);
+			return;
+		}
 		case ValueOpcode::LogicalNot: {
 			const auto value = Arg(inst, 0);
 			if (IsImmediate(value, Type::U1)) {
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@

 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "graphics/guest_gpu/gpu_format.h"
+#include "graphics/shader/recompiler/BufferFormat.h"
 #include "graphics/shader/recompiler/ir/ShaderIR.h"
 #include "graphics/shader/shaderBindings.h"

@@ -106,14 +107,16 @@ Prospero::BufferFormat ImageConversionFormat(Prospero::BufferFormat format) {
 	                                                      : Prospero::BufferFormat::kInvalid;
 }

-bool RequiresPointSampler(const ImageResource& image) {
-	return image.numeric_class == Prospero::TextureNumericClass::Sint ||
-	       image.conversion_format != Prospero::BufferFormat::kInvalid;
-}
+enum class SamplerClass : uint8_t { Float, Integer, PointInteger };

-bool RequiresPointSampler(const ResourceSpecialization::Image& image) {
-	return image.numeric_class == Prospero::TextureNumericClass::Sint ||
-	       image.conversion_format != Prospero::BufferFormat::kInvalid;
+template <typename Image>
+SamplerClass ClassifySampler(const Image& image) {
+	if (image.numeric_class == Prospero::TextureNumericClass::Sint ||
+	    image.conversion_format != Prospero::BufferFormat::kInvalid) {
+		return SamplerClass::PointInteger;
+	}
+	return image.numeric_class == Prospero::TextureNumericClass::Uint ? SamplerClass::Integer
+	                                                               : SamplerClass::Float;
 }

 bool DescriptorIsCube(const DescriptorValue& descriptor) {
@@ -222,9 +225,9 @@ void MarkCleanFlatSlots(const ResourcePlan& program, const DescriptorSource* sou
 	}
 }

-bool ReadScalarTable(uint64_t base, uint64_t size, uint32_t dynamic_offset,
+bool ReadScalarTable(uint64_t base, uint64_t size, uint64_t dynamic_offset,
                     const SrtRuntime& runtime, std::span<uint32_t> words) {
-	const auto offset = static_cast<uint64_t>(dynamic_offset) & ~uint64_t {3};
+	const auto offset = dynamic_offset & ~uint64_t {3};
 	const auto count = std::min<uint64_t>(words.size(), offset < size ? (size - offset) / 4u : 0u);
 	std::ranges::fill(words.subspan(count), 0u);
 	if (count == 0u) {
@@ -303,26 +306,24 @@ bool MaterializeIndirectImage(const ResourcePlan& program,
 		    material.Stride() != indirect.selector_stride) {
 			return false;
 		}
-		// Enumerate every wrapped scalar-buffer offset that can pass the descriptor bounds.
-		const auto step = std::gcd<uint64_t>(indirect.selector_stride, uint64_t {1} << 32u);
-		const auto residue = static_cast<uint64_t>(indirect.selector_offset) % step;
-		const auto limit = std::min<uint64_t>(UINT32_MAX, material.GetSize() + 3u);
-		const auto probe_count = residue <= limit ? (limit - residue) / step + 1u : 0u;
+		// The first aligned offset includes the immediate added after shader U32 arithmetic.
+		const auto step = std::max<uint64_t>(4u,
+		    std::gcd<uint64_t>(indirect.selector_stride, uint64_t {1} << 32u));
+		const uint64_t first = indirect.selector_offset;
+		const auto size = material.GetSize();
+		const auto limit = std::min(first + (uint64_t {1} << 32u) - step, size >= 4u ? size - 4u : 0u);
+		const auto probe_count = size >= 4u && first <= limit ? (limit - first) / step + 1u : 0u;
 		if (probe_count > MaxIndirectImageProbes) {
 			return false;
 		}
 		keys.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(probe_count) + 1u);
 		keys.push_back(0u);
-		for (uint64_t offset = residue; offset <= limit && probe_count != 0u; offset += step) {
+		for (uint64_t probe = 0, offset = first; probe < probe_count; ++probe, offset += step) {
 			uint32_t key = 0;
-			if (!ReadScalarTable(material.Base48(), material.GetSize(),
-			                     static_cast<uint32_t>(offset), runtime, {&key, 1})) {
+			if (!ReadScalarTable(material.Base48(), size, offset, runtime, {&key, 1})) {
 				return false;
 			}
 			keys.push_back(key);
-			if (limit - offset < step) {
-				break;
-			}
 		}
 		std::ranges::sort(keys);
 		keys.erase(std::unique(keys.begin(), keys.end()), keys.end());
@@ -379,8 +380,13 @@ bool MaterializeIndirectImage(const ResourcePlan& program,
 } // namespace

 struct SamplerPlan {
-	std::array<uint32_t, ShaderInfo::MaxSamplers> point_sampler {};
-	uint32_t                                      sampler_count = 0;
+	struct Binding {
+		uint32_t     source;
+		SamplerClass type;
+	};
+	std::array<std::array<uint32_t, 3>, ShaderInfo::MaxSamplers> mapping;
+	std::array<Binding, ShaderInfo::MaxSamplers>                bindings;
+	uint32_t                                                  sampler_count = 0;
 };

 struct ImageRemap {
@@ -400,6 +406,9 @@ struct ImageRemap {
 	template <typename T>
 	void Apply(std::vector<T>& images) const {
 		EXIT_IF(images.size() != source_count);
+		if (count == source_count) {
+			return;
+		}
 		for (uint32_t index = 0; index < source_count; index++) {
 			if (indices[index] != UINT32_MAX && indices[index] != index) {
 				images[indices[index]] = std::move(images[index]);
@@ -446,6 +455,7 @@ static bool BuildResourceSpecialization(const ResourcePlan& program, ResourceSna
 		                             : Prospero::BufferFormat::kInvalid,
 		    .descriptor_swizzle =
 		        program.info.buffers[i].formatted ? descriptor.DstSelXYZW() : DstSel(4, 5, 6, 7),
+		    .zero_stride_oob = descriptor.OutOfBounds() == 0u && stride == 0u,
 		});
 	}
 	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < specialization.images.size(); i++) {
@@ -485,7 +495,8 @@ static bool BuildResourceSpecialization(const ResourcePlan& program, ResourceSna
 		image.cube      = DescriptorIsCube(descriptor);
 		const auto format =
 		    static_cast<Prospero::BufferFormat>((descriptor.dwords[1] >> 20u) & 0x1ffu);
-		if (base.atomic && format != Prospero::BufferFormat::k32UInt) {
+		if (base.atomic && format != Prospero::BufferFormat::k32UInt &&
+		    format != Prospero::BufferFormat::k32Float) {
 			return SpecializationFail(
 			    fmt::format("atomic image descriptor {} uses unsupported format {}", i,
 			                static_cast<uint32_t>(format)));
@@ -514,7 +525,7 @@ static bool BuildResourceSpecialization(const ResourcePlan& program, ResourceSna
 				    fmt::format("storage image descriptor {} uses unsupported format {}", i,
 				                static_cast<uint32_t>(format)));
 			}
-			if (raw_sint_storage) {
+			if (raw_sint_storage || base.atomic) {
 				image.numeric_class = Prospero::TextureNumericClass::Uint;
 			}
 		} else if (image.numeric_class == Prospero::TextureNumericClass::Unsupported ||
@@ -589,11 +600,9 @@ static bool BuildResourceSpecialization(const ResourcePlan& program, ResourceSna
 	if (!BuildSamplerPlan(program.info, specialization.images, sampler_plan)) {
 		return SpecializationFail("specialized sampler layout exceeds its resource limit");
 	}
-	for (uint32_t index = 0; index < program.info.samplers.size(); index++) {
-		const auto target = sampler_plan.point_sampler[index];
-		if (target != UINT32_MAX && target >= program.info.samplers.size()) {
-			snapshot.samplers.push_back(snapshot.samplers[index]);
-		}
+	for (uint32_t index = static_cast<uint32_t>(program.info.samplers.size());
+	     index < sampler_plan.sampler_count; index++) {
+		snapshot.samplers.push_back(snapshot.samplers[sampler_plan.bindings[index].source]);
 	}
 	ImageRemap(specialization).Apply(snapshot.images);
 	return true;
@@ -601,29 +610,29 @@ static bool BuildResourceSpecialization(const ResourcePlan& program, ResourceSna

 template <typename Images>
 bool BuildSamplerPlan(const ShaderInfo& base, const Images& images, SamplerPlan& plan) {
-	if (base.samplers.size() > plan.point_sampler.size()) {
+	if (base.samplers.size() > plan.mapping.size()) {
 		return false;
 	}
 	std::array<uint8_t, ShaderInfo::MaxSamplers> usage {};
-	plan.point_sampler.fill(UINT32_MAX);
 	plan.sampler_count = static_cast<uint32_t>(base.samplers.size());
 	for (const auto& pair: base.sampled_pairs) {
 		if (pair.image >= images.size() || pair.sampler >= base.samplers.size()) {
 			return false;
 		}
-		usage[pair.sampler] |= RequiresPointSampler(images[pair.image]) ? 2u : 1u;
+		usage[pair.sampler] |= 1u << static_cast<uint32_t>(ClassifySampler(images[pair.image]));
 	}
 	for (uint32_t index = 0; index < base.samplers.size(); index++) {
-		if ((usage[index] & 2u) == 0u) {
-			continue;
-		}
-		if ((usage[index] & 1u) == 0u) {
-			plan.point_sampler[index] = index;
-		} else {
-			if (plan.sampler_count >= ShaderInfo::MaxSamplers) {
-				return false;
-			}
-			plan.point_sampler[index] = plan.sampler_count++;
+		auto& mapping = plan.mapping[index];
+		mapping.fill(UINT32_MAX);
+		const auto classes = usage[index] == 0u ? 1u : usage[index];
+		bool       first   = true;
+		for (uint32_t type = 0; type < mapping.size(); type++) {
+			if ((classes & (1u << type)) == 0u) continue;
+			const auto target = first ? index : plan.sampler_count++;
+			if (target >= ShaderInfo::MaxSamplers) return false;
+			mapping[type]         = target;
+			plan.bindings[target] = {index, static_cast<SamplerClass>(type)};
+			first                = false;
 		}
 	}
 	return true;
@@ -856,7 +865,6 @@ ResourcePlan ExtractResourcePlan(const Program& program) {
 	plan.memory_info                = program.memory_info;
 	plan.srt_plan_complete          = program.srt_plan_complete;
 	plan.resource_tracking_complete = program.resource_tracking_complete;
-	plan.has_address_writes         = program.has_address_writes;

 	std::unordered_map<const Inst*, Inst*> cloned;
 	std::function<Value(Value)>            Clone = [&](Value value) -> Value {
@@ -915,17 +923,25 @@ ResourcePlan ExtractResourcePlan(const Program& program) {
 		plan.uniform_fill.values[i] = Clone(plan.uniform_fill.values[i]);
 	}
 	plan.clean_flat_slots.resize(plan.srt_reads.size());
+	bool masked_image = false;
 	for (const auto& image: plan.info.images) {
 		const auto* source = Source(plan, image.source);
 		if (source == nullptr || !source->indirect_image.has_value()) {
 			continue;
 		}
 		plan.requires_specialization_memory = true;
+		masked_image |= !source->indirect_image->selector_mask.IsEmpty();
 		MarkCleanFlatSlots(plan, Source(plan, source->indirect_image->material_source),
 		                   plan.clean_flat_slots, source->indirect_image->selector_mask);
 		MarkCleanFlatSlots(plan, Source(plan, source->indirect_image->table_source),
 		                   plan.clean_flat_slots);
 	}
+	if (masked_image) {
+		plan.resource_tracking_complete &= !program.has_address_writes &&
+		    !std::ranges::any_of(plan.info.images, &ImageResource::written);
+		plan.capture_specialization_reads =
+		    std::ranges::any_of(plan.info.buffers, &BufferResource::written);
+	}
 	return plan;
 }

@@ -935,18 +951,7 @@ bool MaterializeResources(const ResourcePlan& program, const SrtRuntime& runtime
 	    (program.requires_specialization_memory && runtime.read_specialization_memory == nullptr)) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	const bool masked_image = std::ranges::any_of(program.info.images, [&](const auto& image) {
-		const auto* source = Source(program, image.source);
-		return source != nullptr && source->indirect_image.has_value() &&
-		       !source->indirect_image->selector_mask.IsEmpty();
-	});
-	if (masked_image &&
-	    (program.has_address_writes ||
-	     std::ranges::any_of(program.info.images, &ImageResource::written))) {
-		return false;
-	}
-	const bool capture_reads = masked_image &&
-	    std::ranges::any_of(program.info.buffers, &BufferResource::written);
+	const bool capture_reads = program.capture_specialization_reads;
 	auto& reads = program.specialization_reads;
 	ReadCapture capture {runtime, reads};
 	SrtRuntime observed = runtime;
@@ -1099,25 +1104,18 @@ void ApplyResourceSpecialization(Program& program, const ResourceSpecialization&
 	auto samplers      = program.info.samplers;
 	auto sampled_pairs = program.info.sampled_pairs;
 	samplers.reserve(sampler_plan.sampler_count);
-	for (uint32_t index = 0; index < program.info.samplers.size(); index++) {
-		const auto target = sampler_plan.point_sampler[index];
-		if (target == UINT32_MAX) {
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (target == index) {
-			samplers[index].force_point_filtering = true;
-		} else {
-			EXIT_IF(target != samplers.size());
-			auto sampler                  = samplers[index];
-			sampler.force_point_filtering = true;
-			samplers.push_back(std::move(sampler));
+	for (uint32_t index = 0; index < sampler_plan.sampler_count; index++) {
+		const auto& binding = sampler_plan.bindings[index];
+		if (index >= program.info.samplers.size()) {
+			samplers.push_back(program.info.samplers[binding.source]);
 		}
+		samplers[index].force_point_filtering = binding.type == SamplerClass::PointInteger;
+		samplers[index].integer_border        = binding.type != SamplerClass::Float;
 	}
 	for (auto& pair: sampled_pairs) {
-		if (RequiresPointSampler(images[pair.image])) {
-			EXIT_IF(sampler_plan.point_sampler[pair.sampler] == UINT32_MAX);
-			pair.sampler = sampler_plan.point_sampler[pair.sampler];
-		}
+		const auto type = static_cast<uint32_t>(ClassifySampler(images[pair.image]));
+		pair.sampler = sampler_plan.mapping[pair.sampler][type];
+		EXIT_IF(pair.sampler == UINT32_MAX);
 		samplers[pair.sampler].depth_compare |= images[pair.image].depth_compare;
 	}

@@ -1126,6 +1124,49 @@ void ApplyResourceSpecialization(Program& program, const ResourceSpecialization&
 	for (auto* block: program.blocks) {
 		for (auto it = block->begin(); it != block->end(); ++it) {
 			auto& inst = *it;
+			if (BufferAccessOf(inst.GetOpcode()) == BufferAccess::Read) {
+				const auto& memory = memory_info[inst.Flags<MemoryFlags>().index];
+				if (memory.kind == ResourceKind::Buffer &&
+				    specialization.buffers[memory.resource].zero_stride_oob) {
+					// Bounds mode 0 checks offset >= stride, so zero stride
+					// makes every vector read out of bounds regardless of its address.
+					const auto count = BufferComponentCount(inst.GetOpcode());
+					std::array<Value, 4> values {Value(0u), Value(0u), Value(0u), Value(0u)};
+					if (memory.formatted && !memory.typed) {
+						const auto& buffer = buffers[memory.resource];
+						const auto format = Format::GetFormatInfo(buffer.descriptor_format);
+						for (uint32_t component = 0; component < count; component++) {
+							if (format.type == Format::ComponentType::Unknown ||
+							    GetDstSel(buffer.descriptor_swizzle, component) != 1u) continue;
+							const auto one = Format::FormattedConstantBits(
+							    format, Format::FormattedSourceKind::One);
+							values[component] = Value(&*block->PrependNewInst(
+							    it, ValueOpcode::SelectU32,
+							    {inst.Arg(inst.NumArgs() - 1), Value(one), Value(0u)}));
+						}
+					}
+					Value result = values[0];
+					switch (inst.GetType()) {
+						case Type::U8: result = Value(uint8_t {0}); break;
+						case Type::U16: result = Value(uint16_t {0}); break;
+						case Type::U32x2:
+							result = Value(&*block->PrependNewInst(it, ValueOpcode::CompositeConstructU32x2,
+							                                      {values[0], values[1]}));
+							break;
+						case Type::U32x3:
+							result = Value(&*block->PrependNewInst(it, ValueOpcode::CompositeConstructU32x3,
+							                                      {values[0], values[1], values[2]}));
+							break;
+						case Type::U32x4:
+							result = Value(&*block->PrependNewInst(it, ValueOpcode::CompositeConstructU32x4,
+							                                      {values[0], values[1], values[2], values[3]}));
+							break;
+						default: break;
+					}
+					inst.ReplaceUsesWith(result);
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
 			const auto image_opcode = ImageOpcodeInfoOf(inst.GetOpcode());
 			if (image_opcode.access == ImageAccess::None) {
 				continue;
@@ -1152,10 +1193,11 @@ void ApplyResourceSpecialization(Program& program, const ResourceSpecialization&
 				inst.ReplaceUsesWith(Value(&*result));
 				continue;
 			}
-			if (image_opcode.needs_sampler && RequiresPointSampler(image) &&
+			if (image_opcode.needs_sampler &&
 			    memory.sampler < program.info.samplers.size()) {
-				EXIT_IF(sampler_plan.point_sampler[memory.sampler] == UINT32_MAX);
-				memory.sampler = sampler_plan.point_sampler[memory.sampler];
+				const auto type = static_cast<uint32_t>(ClassifySampler(image));
+				memory.sampler = sampler_plan.mapping[memory.sampler][type];
+				EXIT_IF(memory.sampler == UINT32_MAX);
 			}
 			EXIT_IF(image.indirect_root == memory.resource &&
 			        inst.GetOpcode() != ValueOpcode::ImageSampleRaw);
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ struct ResourceSpecialization {
 		uint32_t               packed_stride                   = 0;
 		Prospero::BufferFormat descriptor_format               = Prospero::BufferFormat::kInvalid;
 		uint32_t               descriptor_swizzle              = DstSel(4, 5, 6, 7);
+		bool                   zero_stride_oob                 = false;
 		bool                   operator==(const Buffer&) const = default;
 	};

@@ -5,9 +5,8 @@

 namespace Libs::Graphics::ShaderRecompiler::IR {

-// Collects immutable resource topology from typed SSA handles, interns their resolved dwords in
-// descriptor_sources, then writes dense indices to handle flags and MemoryInfo.
-void TrackResources(Program& program);
+// Resolves native descriptor sources, plans their scalar reads, and assigns dense resource bindings.
+void TrackResources(Program& program, const Decoder::Program& decoded, const CFG::Graph& native_cfg);

 } // namespace Libs::Graphics::ShaderRecompiler::IR

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include <bit>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstring>
-#include <fmt/format.h>
 #include <unordered_set>

 namespace Libs::Graphics::ShaderRecompiler::IR {
@@ -23,21 +22,6 @@ namespace {

 constexpr uint64_t AddressMask = 0x0000ffffffffffffull;

-const char* StageName(ShaderType stage) {
-	switch (stage) {
-		case ShaderType::Vertex: return "vertex";
-		case ShaderType::Pixel: return "pixel";
-		case ShaderType::Fetch: return "fetch";
-		case ShaderType::Compute: return "compute";
-		default: return "unknown";
-	}
-}
-
-std::string Diagnostic(const ResourcePlan& program, uint32_t pc, const std::string& message) {
-	return fmt::format("shader SRT: hash=0x{:016x} stage={} pc=0x{:08x} {}", program.shader_hash,
-	                   StageName(program.stage), pc, message);
-}
-
 bool AddSignedAddress(uint64_t base, int64_t offset, uint64_t& result) {
 	if (base > AddressMask) {
 		return false;
@@ -89,6 +73,7 @@ bool IsRuntimeSelect(ValueOpcode op) {

 bool IsRuntimeUniformOp(ValueOpcode op) {
 	switch (op) {
+		case ValueOpcode::ConditionRef:
 		case ValueOpcode::BitCastU32F32:
 		case ValueOpcode::BitCastF32U32:
 		case ValueOpcode::ConvertU32F32:
@@ -312,151 +297,6 @@ private:
 	std::unordered_set<const Inst*> m_validated_dependencies;
 };

-class PlanBuilder {
-public:
-	explicit PlanBuilder(Program& program): m_program(program) {}
-
-	void Run() {
-		m_program.srt_reads.clear();
-		m_program.dynamic_reads.clear();
-		for (auto* block: m_program.blocks) {
-			for (auto& inst: *block) {
-				const auto op = inst.GetOpcode();
-				if (op == ValueOpcode::LoadAddressU32 || op == ValueOpcode::ReadConstBuffer) {
-					const auto flags = inst.Flags<MemoryFlags>();
-					if (flags.index < m_program.memory_info.size()) {
-						const auto kind       = m_program.memory_info[flags.index].kind;
-						const bool crosswired = (op == ValueOpcode::LoadAddressU32 &&
-						                         kind == ResourceKind::ScalarBuffer) ||
-						                        (op == ValueOpcode::ReadConstBuffer &&
-						                         kind == ResourceKind::ScalarAddress);
-						if (crosswired) {
-							Fail(flags.pc,
-							     fmt::format("{} has incompatible scalar memory metadata",
-							                 ValueOpcodeName(op)));
-						}
-					}
-				}
-				if (IsDescriptorHandle(inst.GetOpcode())) {
-					for (size_t index = 0; index < inst.NumArgs(); index++) {
-						Collect(inst.Arg(index), 0);
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		for (auto* block: m_program.blocks) {
-			for (auto& inst: *block) {
-				if (inst.GetOpcode() == ValueOpcode::LoadAddressU32 && IsRawRead(m_program, inst) &&
-				    inst.Arg(1).Resolve().IsImmediate() &&
-				    ValidateRuntimeValue(m_program, Value(&inst))) {
-					Collect(Value(&inst), inst.Flags<MemoryFlags>().pc);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		PatchReads();
-	}
-
-private:
-	struct Patch {
-		Inst*    inst = nullptr;
-		uint32_t slot = 0;
-		bool     keep = false;
-	};
-
-	[[noreturn]] void Fail(uint32_t pc, const std::string& message) const {
-		const auto diagnostic = Diagnostic(m_program, pc, message);
-		EXIT("shader SRT planning failed: %s", diagnostic.c_str());
-		std::abort();
-	}
-
-	void Collect(Value value, uint32_t use_pc) {
-		value = value.Resolve();
-		if (value.IsImmediate()) {
-			return;
-		}
-		auto* inst = value.TryInstruction();
-		if (inst == nullptr) {
-			Fail(use_pc, "invalid typed planning value");
-		}
-		const auto cycle = std::ranges::find(m_visiting, inst);
-		if (cycle != m_visiting.end()) {
-			const auto contains_phi = std::any_of(cycle, m_visiting.end(), [](const Inst* value) {
-				return value->GetOpcode() == ValueOpcode::Phi;
-			});
-			if (contains_phi) {
-				return;
-			}
-			Fail(use_pc, fmt::format("cyclic typed planning value {} without a phi",
-			                         ValueOpcodeName(inst->GetOpcode())));
-		}
-		if (std::ranges::find(m_visited, inst) != m_visited.end()) {
-			return;
-		}
-		m_visiting.push_back(inst);
-		for (size_t index = 0; index < inst->NumArgs(); index++) {
-			Collect(inst->Arg(index), use_pc);
-		}
-		m_visiting.pop_back();
-		m_visited.push_back(inst);
-		if (!IsRawRead(m_program, *inst)) {
-			return;
-		}
-		const auto offset = inst->Arg(1).Resolve();
-		if (!offset.IsImmediate() || offset.GetType() != Type::U32) {
-			if (std::ranges::find(m_program.dynamic_reads, value) ==
-			    m_program.dynamic_reads.end()) {
-				m_program.dynamic_reads.push_back(value);
-			}
-			return;
-		}
-		for (uint32_t slot = 0; slot < m_program.srt_reads.size(); slot++) {
-			if (EquivalentValue(m_program, value, m_program.srt_reads[slot].value)) {
-				m_patches.push_back({inst, slot, false});
-				return;
-			}
-		}
-		const auto slot = static_cast<uint32_t>(m_program.srt_reads.size());
-		m_program.srt_reads.push_back({value, slot});
-		m_patches.push_back({inst, slot, true});
-	}
-
-	void PatchReads() {
-		for (const auto& patch: m_patches) {
-			auto* block = patch.inst->Parent();
-			auto& list  = block->Instructions();
-			auto  where =
-			    std::ranges::find_if(list, [&](const Inst& inst) { return &inst == patch.inst; });
-			const auto resource =
-			    Value(&*block->PrependNewInst(where, ValueOpcode::GetSrtResource));
-			const auto flat = Value(&*block->PrependNewInst(where, ValueOpcode::ReadConst,
-			                                                {resource, Value(patch.slot)}));
-			const auto uses = patch.inst->Uses();
-			for (const auto& use: uses) {
-				use.user->SetArg(use.operand, flat);
-			}
-			for (auto& info: m_program.block_info) {
-				if (info.condition.Resolve() == Value(patch.inst)) {
-					info.condition = flat;
-				}
-				if (info.indirect_target.Resolve() == Value(patch.inst)) {
-					info.indirect_target = flat;
-				}
-			}
-			if (patch.keep) {
-				const auto memory = patch.inst->Flags<MemoryFlags>().index;
-				if (memory < m_program.memory_info.size()) {
-					m_program.memory_info[memory].planning_only = true;
-				}
-				block->AppendNewInst(ValueOpcode::ReferenceU32, {Value(patch.inst)});
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	Program&           m_program;
-	std::vector<Inst*> m_visiting;
-	std::vector<Inst*> m_visited;
-	std::vector<Patch> m_patches;
-};

 } // namespace

@@ -616,16 +456,15 @@ bool SrtWalker::EvaluateRawRead(const Inst& inst, uint64_t& result) {
 			return false;
 		}
 		const auto byte_offset =
-		    static_cast<uint64_t>(immediate) + static_cast<uint32_t>(offset);
-		const auto aligned = byte_offset & ~uint64_t {3};
+		    (static_cast<uint64_t>(immediate) & ~uint64_t {3}) + (static_cast<uint32_t>(offset) & ~3u);
 		const auto stride  = (static_cast<uint32_t>(high) >> 16u) & 0x3fffu;
 		const auto size = stride == 0u
 		                      ? static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<uint32_t>(records))
 		                      : static_cast<uint64_t>(stride) * static_cast<uint32_t>(records);
-		if (aligned > size || size - aligned < sizeof(uint32_t)) {
+		if (byte_offset > size || size - byte_offset < sizeof(uint32_t)) {
 			return false;
 		}
-		address = ((base & ~uint64_t {3}) + byte_offset) & ~uint64_t {3};
+		address = (base & ~uint64_t {3}) + byte_offset;
 	} else {
 		const auto relative = (immediate & ~int64_t {3}) +
 		                      static_cast<int64_t>(static_cast<uint32_t>(offset) & ~3u);
@@ -780,14 +619,18 @@ bool SrtWalker::EvaluateInst(const Inst& inst, uint64_t& result) {
 			}
 			return false;
 		case ValueOpcode::FPOrdLessThanEqual32:
-			if (binary()) {
-				result = Float32(a) <= Float32(b);
-				return true;
-			}
-			return false;
 		case ValueOpcode::FPOrdGreaterThanEqual32:
 			if (binary()) {
-				result = Float32(a) >= Float32(b);
+				const auto operand = [&](uint64_t bits) {
+					if (inst.Flags<FPCompareFlags>().flush_input_denorms &&
+					    (bits & 0x7fffffffu) < 0x00800000u) {
+						bits &= 0x80000000u;
+					}
+					return Float32(bits);
+				};
+				result = inst.GetOpcode() == ValueOpcode::FPOrdLessThanEqual32
+				             ? operand(a) <= operand(b)
+				             : operand(a) >= operand(b);
 				return true;
 			}
 			return false;
@@ -970,6 +813,7 @@ bool SrtWalker::EvaluateInst(const Inst& inst, uint64_t& result) {
 				return true;
 			}
 			return false;
+		case ValueOpcode::ConditionRef: return Arg(inst, 0, result);
 		case ValueOpcode::LogicalNot:
 			if (Arg(inst, 0, a)) {
 				result = a == 0u;
@@ -1061,13 +905,5 @@ bool ValidateRuntimeValue(const ResourcePlan& program, Value value, RuntimeValue
 	return RuntimeValidator(program, type).Run(value);
 }

-void BuildSrtPlan(Program& program) {
-	if (program.resource_tracking_complete) {
-		EXIT("shader SRT planning failed: cannot rebuild SRT after resource tracking");
-	}
-	program.srt_plan_complete = false;
-	PlanBuilder(program).Run();
-	program.srt_plan_complete = true;
-}

 } // namespace Libs::Graphics::ShaderRecompiler::IR
@@ -21,9 +21,6 @@ struct SrtRuntime {

 enum class RuntimeValueType { Any, Integer };

-// Collects reachable ReadConst values. Immediate offsets receive compact flat-buffer slots;
-// dynamic offsets remain explicit and are never assigned a fake slot.
-void BuildSrtPlan(Program& program);
 bool ValidateRuntimeValue(const ResourcePlan& program, Value value,
                          RuntimeValueType type = RuntimeValueType::Any);
 // Uses the strict reader for values that affect shader specialization.
@@ -336,14 +336,15 @@ static void ShaderDetectBuffers(ShaderVertexInputInfo& info) {
 	for (int ri = 0; ri < info.resources_num; ri++) {
 		const auto& r = info.resources[ri];

-		bool merged = false;
-		for (int bi = 0; bi < info.buffers_num; bi++) {
+		auto& destination = info.resources_dst[ri];
+		int bi = 0;
+		for (; bi < info.buffers_num; bi++) {
 			auto& b = info.buffers[bi];

 			uint64_t stride = b.stride;

 			if (stride == r.Stride() &&
-			    b.fetch_index == static_cast<uint32_t>(info.resources_dst[ri].fetch_index)) {
+			    b.fetch_index == destination.fetch_index) {
 				uint64_t rbase   = r.Base48();
 				uint64_t base    = std::min(rbase, b.addr);
 				uint64_t offset1 = rbase - base;
@@ -352,45 +353,33 @@ static void ShaderDetectBuffers(ShaderVertexInputInfo& info) {
 				if (offset1 < stride && offset2 < stride) {
 					EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(b.num_records != r.NumRecords());
 					b.addr = base;
-					EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(b.attr_num >= ShaderVertexInputBuffer::ATTR_MAX);
-					b.attr_indices[b.attr_num++] = ri;
-					merged                       = true;
 					break;
 				}
 			}
 		}

-		if (!merged) {
+		if (bi == info.buffers_num) {
 			EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(info.buffers_num >= ShaderVertexInputInfo::RES_MAX);
-			int bi                           = info.buffers_num++;
-			info.buffers[bi].addr            = r.Base48();
-			info.buffers[bi].stride          = r.Stride();
-			info.buffers[bi].num_records     = r.NumRecords();
-			info.buffers[bi].fetch_index     = info.resources_dst[ri].fetch_index;
-			info.buffers[bi].attr_num        = 1;
-			info.buffers[bi].attr_indices[0] = ri;
-		}
-	}
-
-	for (int bi = 0; bi < info.buffers_num; bi++) {
-		auto& b = info.buffers[bi];
-		for (int ri = 0; ri < b.attr_num; ri++) {
-			b.attr_offsets[ri] = info.resources[b.attr_indices[ri]].Base48() - b.addr;
+			info.buffers[bi] = {.addr = r.Base48(),
+			                    .stride = r.Stride(),
+			                    .num_records = r.NumRecords(),
+			                    .fetch_index = destination.fetch_index};
+			info.buffers_num++;
 		}
+		destination.buffer_index = bi;
 	}
 }

 static void ShaderApplyAttribSemantics(ShaderVertexInputInfo& info,
-                                       const ShaderSemantic*  input_semantics,
-                                       uint32_t num_input_semantics, const uint32_t* attrib,
-                                       const uint32_t* buffer) {
+                                       std::span<const ShaderSemantic> input_semantics,
+                                       const uint32_t* attrib, const uint32_t* buffer) {
 	KYTY_PROFILER_FUNCTION();

 	EXIT_IF(attrib == nullptr || buffer == nullptr);

 	const bool debug_dump = Config::GraphicsDebugDumpEnabled();

-	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_input_semantics; i++) {
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < input_semantics.size(); i++) {
 		const auto& in = input_semantics[i];

 		EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(in.static_vb_index == 1 || in.static_attribute == 1);
@@ -544,8 +533,7 @@ static bool ShaderGetStaticVertexInputInfo(uint64_t shader_addr, const HW::UserS
 			     shader_addr);
 			return false;
 		}
-		ShaderApplyAttribSemantics(info, metadata.input_semantics.data(),
-		                           metadata.input_semantics_count, attrib, buffer);
+		ShaderApplyAttribSemantics(info, metadata.input_semantics, attrib, buffer);
 		ShaderDetectBuffers(info);
 	}
 	return true;
@@ -622,6 +610,7 @@ static void ShaderGetStaticInputInfoCS(const HW::ComputeShaderInfo& regs,
 	info.threads_num[2]                   = regs.cs_regs.num_thread_z;
 	info.lds_size_dwords                  = static_cast<uint32_t>(regs.cs_regs.lds_size) * 128u;
 	info.scratch_size_dwords              = data.scratch_size_dwords;
+	info.float_mode                       = regs.cs_regs.float_mode;
 	info.group_id[0]                      = regs.cs_regs.tgid_x_en != 0;
 	info.group_id[1]                      = regs.cs_regs.tgid_y_en != 0;
 	info.group_id[2]                      = regs.cs_regs.tgid_z_en != 0;
@@ -677,15 +666,8 @@ void BuildStageStaticKey(const ShaderVertexInputInfo& info, std::vector<uint32_t
 		key.push_back(destination.registers_num);
 		key.push_back(destination.fetch_index);
 		key.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(destination.attr_id));
-		key.push_back(resource.Stride());
-		key.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(resource.SwizzleEnabled()));
-		key.push_back(resource.DstSelX());
-		key.push_back(resource.DstSelY());
-		key.push_back(resource.DstSelZ());
-		key.push_back(resource.DstSelW());
-		key.push_back(resource.RawFormat());
-		key.push_back(resource.OutOfBounds());
-		key.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(resource.AddTid()));
+		key.push_back(resource.fields[1] & 0xbfff0000u); // Stride and swizzle enable.
+		key.push_back(resource.fields[3] & 0x3087ffffu); // Channels, format, OOB, and add TID.
 	}
 }

@@ -727,7 +709,7 @@ void BuildStageStaticKey(const ShaderPixelInputInfo& info, std::vector<uint32_t>
 void BuildStageStaticKey(const ShaderComputeInputInfo& info, std::vector<uint32_t>& key) {
 	key.clear();
 	key.push_back(info.workgroup_register);
-	key.push_back(info.wave_size);
+	key.push_back(info.wave_size | (static_cast<uint32_t>(info.float_mode) << 8u));
 	key.push_back(info.host_subgroup_size);
 	key.push_back(info.thread_ids_num);
 	key.push_back(info.lds_size_dwords);
@@ -906,8 +888,9 @@ void ShaderDbgDumpInputInfo(const ShaderVertexInputInfo& info) {

 		LOGF("\t\t register_start   = %d\n"
 		     "\t\t registers_num    = %d\n"
-		     "\t\t fetch_index      = %" PRIu32 "\n",
-		     rd.register_start, rd.registers_num, rd.fetch_index);
+		     "\t\t fetch_index      = %" PRIu32 "\n"
+		     "\t\t buffer_index     = %d\n",
+		     rd.register_start, rd.registers_num, rd.fetch_index, rd.buffer_index);
 		LOGF("\t\t fields           = %08" PRIx32 "%08" PRIx32 "%08" PRIx32 "%08" PRIx32 "\n",
 		     r.fields[3], r.fields[2], r.fields[1], r.fields[0]);
 		LOGF("\t\t Base()           = %" PRIx64 "\n"
@@ -933,14 +916,8 @@ void ShaderDbgDumpInputInfo(const ShaderVertexInputInfo& info) {
 		LOGF("\t\t addr        = %" PRIx64 "\n"
 		     "\t\t stride      = %" PRIu32 "\n"
 		     "\t\t num_records = %" PRIu32 "\n"
-		     "\t\t fetch_index = %" PRIu32 "\n"
-		     "\t\t attr_num    = %" PRId32 "\n",
-		     r.addr, r.stride, r.num_records, r.fetch_index, r.attr_num);
-		for (int j = 0; j < r.attr_num; j++) {
-			LOGF("\t\t attr_indices[%d]  = %d\n"
-			     "\t\t attr_offsets[%d]  = %u\n",
-			     j, r.attr_indices[j], j, r.attr_offsets[j]);
-		}
+		     "\t\t fetch_index = %" PRIu32 "\n",
+		     r.addr, r.stride, r.num_records, r.fetch_index);
 	}
 }

@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ struct ShaderVertexInputInfo {
 };

 struct ShaderComputeInputInfo: ShaderWorkgroupInputInfo {
+	uint8_t            float_mode                 = 0xc0;
 	uint32_t           dispatch_threads_num[3]    = {0, 0, 0};
 	bool               group_id[3]                = {false, false, false};
 	bool               dispatch_thread_dimensions = false;
@@ -174,15 +174,10 @@ struct ShaderSamplerResource {
 };

 struct ShaderVertexInputBuffer {
-	static constexpr int ATTR_MAX = 32;
-
-	uint64_t addr                   = 0;
-	uint32_t stride                 = 0;
-	uint32_t num_records            = 0;
-	uint32_t fetch_index            = 0;
-	int      attr_num               = 0;
-	int      attr_indices[ATTR_MAX] = {0};
-	uint32_t attr_offsets[ATTR_MAX] = {0};
+	uint64_t addr        = 0;
+	uint32_t stride      = 0;
+	uint32_t num_records = 0;
+	uint32_t fetch_index = 0;
 };

 struct ShaderVertexDestination {
@@ -190,6 +185,7 @@ struct ShaderVertexDestination {
 	int      registers_num  = 0;
 	int      attr_id        = -1;
 	uint32_t fetch_index    = 0;
+	int      buffer_index   = 0;
 };

 enum class ShaderStorageUsage {
@@ -68,13 +68,10 @@ bool ShaderReadVertexMetadata(const ShaderMappedData& data, uint32_t max_user_sg
 		return ShaderError::Fail(error, "vertex semantic count is outside the supported domain");
 	}

-	const auto semantic_size =
-	    static_cast<uint64_t>(data.num_input_semantics) * sizeof(ShaderSemantic);
 	if (data.input_semantics == nullptr) {
 		return ShaderError::Fail(error, "missing vertex input semantics");
 	}
-	std::memcpy(next.input_semantics.data(), data.input_semantics, semantic_size);
-	next.input_semantics_count = data.num_input_semantics;
+	next.input_semantics = {data.input_semantics, data.num_input_semantics};
 	metadata                   = next;
 	return true;
 }
@@ -3,19 +3,18 @@

 #include "graphics/shader/shader.h"

-#include <array>
+#include <span>
 #include <string>

 namespace Libs::Graphics {

 struct ShaderVertexMetadata {
-	int                                                        vertex_buffer_reg = -1;
-	int                                                        vertex_attrib_reg = -1;
-	std::array<ShaderSemantic, ShaderVertexInputInfo::RES_MAX> input_semantics {};
-	uint32_t                                                   input_semantics_count = 0;
+	int                             vertex_buffer_reg = -1;
+	int                             vertex_attrib_reg = -1;
+	std::span<const ShaderSemantic> input_semantics;
 };

-// Copies the small AGC metadata subset used by the vertex path after validating every guest range.
+// Validates the vertex metadata and returns a view into the shader header.
 bool ShaderReadVertexMetadata(const ShaderMappedData& data, uint32_t max_user_sgprs,
                              ShaderVertexMetadata& metadata, std::string* error);

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "kernel/fileSystem.h"

+#include "common/archive.h"
 #include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/common.h"
 #include "common/dateTime.h"
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ public:
 	struct MountPair {
 		std::filesystem::path dir;
 		std::string           point;
+		std::shared_ptr<Common::ArchiveReader> archive;
 	};

 	MountPoints() { EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(!Common::Thread::IsMainThread()); }
@@ -260,6 +262,7 @@ void MountPoints::Mount(const std::filesystem::path& folder, const std::string&
 	MountPair p;
 	p.dir   = folder;
 	p.point = point_str;
+	p.archive = Common::OpenArchive(folder);

 	m_mount_pairs.push_back(std::move(p));
 }
@@ -346,11 +349,13 @@ std::filesystem::path MountPoints::ResolvePath(const std::string& mounted_name)
 		}

 		const auto native_rel_path = Common::PathFromUtf8(rel_path);
+		if (Common::IsArchivePath(p.dir)) {
+			return p.dir / native_rel_path;
+		}

 #if KYTY_PLATFORM == KYTY_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 		if (HasWindowsForbiddenFilenameCharacter(rel_path)) {
-			::printf("FileSystem: Windows-incompatible guest filename: %s\n",
-			         mounted_name.c_str());
+			::printf("FileSystem: Windows-incompatible guest filename: %s\n", mounted_name.c_str());
 		}
 		return p.dir / native_rel_path;
 #else
@@ -358,7 +363,8 @@ std::filesystem::path MountPoints::ResolvePath(const std::string& mounted_name)
 #endif
 	}

-	return mounted_name;
+	// Unmounted guest paths must not fall through to the host filesystem.
+	return {};
 }

 void Initialize() {
@@ -461,14 +467,24 @@ int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelOpen(const char* path, int flags, uint16_t mode) {
 	}

 	file->real_name = g_mount_points->ResolvePath(file->name);
+	if (file->real_name.empty()) {
+		g_files->DeleteDescriptor(descriptor);
+		return KERNEL_ERROR_ENOENT;
+	}
+	if (Common::IsArchivePath(file->real_name) &&
+	    (rw_mode != Common::File::Mode::Read || trunc || creat)) {
+		g_files->DeleteDescriptor(descriptor);
+		return KERNEL_ERROR_EROFS;
+	}

 	if (trunc && rw_mode == Common::File::Mode::Read) {
 		g_files->DeleteDescriptor(descriptor);
 		return KERNEL_ERROR_EACCES;
 	}

-	bool dir_exist  = Common::File::IsDirectoryExisting(file->real_name);
-	bool file_exist = Common::File::IsFileExisting(file->real_name);
+	const auto info = Common::File::GetInfo(file->real_name);
+	const bool dir_exist = info && !info->is_file;
+	const bool file_exist = info && info->is_file;

 	// A missing path opened without O_CREAT is ENOENT
 	if (!creat && !dir_exist && !file_exist) {
@@ -666,7 +682,7 @@ int64_t KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelWrite(int d, const void* buf, size_t nbytes) {

 	auto* file = g_files->GetFile(d);

-	if (file == nullptr) {
+	if (file == nullptr || !file->opened || !file->writable) {
 		return KERNEL_ERROR_EBADF;
 	}

@@ -881,7 +897,7 @@ int64_t KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelPwrite(int d, const void* buf, size_t nbytes, int64_

 	auto* file = g_files->GetFile(d);

-	if (file == nullptr) {
+	if (file == nullptr || !file->opened || !file->writable) {
 		return KERNEL_ERROR_EBADF;
 	}

@@ -1058,15 +1074,13 @@ int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelStat(const char* path, FileStat* sb) {

 	auto real_file_name = g_mount_points->ResolvePath(path);

-	bool is_dir  = Common::File::IsDirectoryExisting(real_file_name);
-	bool is_file = Common::File::IsFileExisting(real_file_name);
-
-	if (!is_dir && !is_file) {
+	const auto info = Common::File::GetInfo(real_file_name);
+	if (!info) {
 		LOGF("\t file not found\n");
 		return KERNEL_ERROR_ENOENT;
 	}

-	EXIT_NOT_IMPLEMENTED(is_dir && is_file);
+	const bool is_dir = !info->is_file;

 	FileStat stat {};
 	stat.st_mode = 0000777u | (is_dir ? 0040000u : 0100000u);
@@ -1080,7 +1094,7 @@ int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelStat(const char* path, FileStat* sb) {
 		stat.st_blksize = 512;
 		stat.st_blocks  = stat.st_size / 512;
 	} else {
-		stat.st_size    = static_cast<int64_t>(Common::File::Size(real_file_name));
+		stat.st_size    = static_cast<int64_t>(info->size);
 		stat.st_blksize = 512;
 		stat.st_blocks  = (stat.st_size + 511) / 512;

@@ -1217,6 +1231,9 @@ int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelUnlink(const char* path) {
 	}

 	auto real_file_name = g_mount_points->ResolvePath(path);
+	if (Common::IsArchivePath(real_file_name)) {
+		return KERNEL_ERROR_EROFS;
+	}

 	bool is_dir  = Common::File::IsDirectoryExisting(real_file_name);
 	bool is_file = Common::File::IsFileExisting(real_file_name);
@@ -1254,8 +1271,11 @@ int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelRename(const char* from, const char* to) {
 	auto to_path   = std::string(to);
 	auto real_from = g_mount_points->ResolvePath(from_path);
 	auto real_to   = g_mount_points->ResolvePath(to_path);
+	if (Common::IsArchivePath(real_from) || Common::IsArchivePath(real_to)) {
+		return KERNEL_ERROR_EROFS;
+	}

-	if (!Common::File::IsFileExisting(real_from)) {
+	if (real_to.empty() || !Common::File::IsFileExisting(real_from)) {
 		return KERNEL_ERROR_ENOENT;
 	}

@@ -1335,6 +1355,12 @@ int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelMkdir(const char* path, uint16_t mode) {
 	     path, mode);

 	auto real_name = g_mount_points->ResolvePath(std::string(path));
+	if (real_name.empty()) {
+		return KERNEL_ERROR_ENOENT;
+	}
+	if (Common::IsArchivePath(real_name)) {
+		return KERNEL_ERROR_EROFS;
+	}

 	if (Common::File::IsDirectoryExisting(real_name)) {
 		return KERNEL_ERROR_EEXIST;
@@ -1361,6 +1387,9 @@ int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelRmdir(const char* path) {
 	LOGF("\t path = %s\n", path);

 	auto real_name = g_mount_points->ResolvePath(std::string(path));
+	if (Common::IsArchivePath(real_name)) {
+		return KERNEL_ERROR_EROFS;
+	}

 	if (!Common::File::IsDirectoryExisting(real_name)) {
 		return KERNEL_ERROR_ENOENT;
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ struct Lifecycle {

 void                  Mount(const std::filesystem::path& folder, const std::string& point);
 void                  Umount(const std::string& folder_or_point);
+// Returns an empty path when the guest path has no mounted filesystem.
 std::filesystem::path GetRealFilename(const std::string& mounted_file_name);

 int KYTY_SYSV_ABI     KernelOpen(const char* path, int flags, uint16_t mode);
@@ -78,8 +78,7 @@ static Graphics::RenderContext& GetGpuResources() {
 }

 static bool IsGpuAddressRange(uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t size) {
-	constexpr uint64_t GPU_ADDRESS_LIMIT = 1ull << 40u;
-	return vaddr != 0 && size != 0 && vaddr < GPU_ADDRESS_LIMIT && size < GPU_ADDRESS_LIMIT - vaddr;
+	return Graphics::GuestRange {vaddr, size}.Valid();
 }

 static void MapGpuRange(uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t size) {
@@ -660,6 +659,9 @@ static bool     g_test_fail_next_fixed_reserve_range_add     = false;

 class PhysicalMemory {
 public:
+	enum class AllocationKind { Direct, Pooled, Automatic };
+	using PhysicalRanges = std::vector<std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t>>;
+
 	struct AllocatedBlock {
 		uint64_t            start_addr;
 		uint64_t            size;
@@ -671,7 +673,7 @@ public:
 		VirtualMemory::Mode mode;
 		GpuAccessMode       gpu_mode;
 		int                 memory_type;
-		bool                pool_expansion;
+		AllocationKind      kind;
 		char                name[KERNEL_MAXIMUM_NAME_LENGTH];
 	};

@@ -690,7 +692,10 @@ public:
 	}

 	bool Alloc(uint64_t search_start, uint64_t search_end, size_t len, size_t alignment,
-	           uint64_t* phys_addr_out, int memory_type, bool pool_expansion = false);
+	           uint64_t* phys_addr_out, int memory_type,
+	           AllocationKind kind = AllocationKind::Direct);
+	bool ReserveAutomatic(uint64_t size, PhysicalRanges* ranges);
+	void RestoreAutomatic(const PhysicalRanges& ranges);
 	bool Available(uint64_t search_start, uint64_t search_end, size_t alignment,
 	               uint64_t* phys_addr_out, uint64_t* size_out);
 	bool Release(uint64_t start, size_t len, uint64_t* vaddr, uint64_t* size,
@@ -718,12 +723,14 @@ public:
 	[[nodiscard]] const std::vector<AllocatedBlock>& GetMappings() const { return m_mappings; }

 private:
-	void ConsumeFreeRange(std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t>::iterator range, uint64_t start,
-	                      uint64_t size);
-	void AddFreeRange(uint64_t start, uint64_t size);
+	static void RemoveFreeRange(std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t>& ranges, uint64_t start,
+	                            uint64_t size);
+	static void AddFreeRange(std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t>& ranges, uint64_t start, uint64_t size);
+	void        ReclaimAutomatic(uint64_t start, uint64_t size);

 	std::map<uint64_t, AllocatedBlock> m_physical;
 	std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t>       m_free;
+	std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t>       m_automatic_free;
 	std::vector<AllocatedBlock>        m_mappings;
 	Common::Mutex                      m_mutex;
 };
@@ -1093,7 +1100,7 @@ void SetFlexibleMemorySize(uint64_t size) {
 }

 bool PhysicalMemory::Alloc(uint64_t search_start, uint64_t search_end, size_t len, size_t alignment,
-                           uint64_t* phys_addr_out, int memory_type, bool pool_expansion) {
+                           uint64_t* phys_addr_out, int memory_type, AllocationKind kind) {
 	if (phys_addr_out == nullptr) {
 		return false;
 	}
@@ -1128,10 +1135,13 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::Alloc(uint64_t search_start, uint64_t search_end, size_t le
 		b.prot           = 0;
 		b.mode           = VirtualMemory::Mode::NoAccess;
 		b.memory_type    = memory_type;
-		b.pool_expansion = pool_expansion;
+		b.kind           = kind;

-		ConsumeFreeRange(range, free_pos, len);
+		RemoveFreeRange(m_free, free_pos, len);
 		EXIT_IF(!m_physical.emplace(b.start_addr, b).second);
+		if (kind == AllocationKind::Automatic) {
+			AddFreeRange(m_automatic_free, free_pos, len);
+		}

 		*phys_addr_out = free_pos;
 		return true;
@@ -1180,35 +1190,99 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::Available(uint64_t search_start, uint64_t search_end, size_
 	return true;
 }

-void PhysicalMemory::ConsumeFreeRange(std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t>::iterator range, uint64_t start,
-                                      uint64_t size) {
-	const auto range_start = range->first;
-	const auto range_end   = range->first + range->second;
-	m_free.erase(range);
-	if (range_start < start) {
-		m_free.emplace(range_start, start - range_start);
+void PhysicalMemory::RemoveFreeRange(std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t>& ranges, uint64_t start,
+                                     uint64_t size) {
+	const auto end   = start + size;
+	auto       range = ranges.upper_bound(start);
+	if (range != ranges.begin()) {
+		--range;
 	}
-	if (start + size < range_end) {
-		m_free.emplace(start + size, range_end - start - size);
+	while (range != ranges.end() && range->first < end) {
+		const auto range_start = range->first;
+		const auto range_end   = range_start + range->second;
+		if (range_end <= start) {
+			++range;
+			continue;
+		}
+		range = ranges.erase(range);
+		if (range_start < start) {
+			ranges.emplace(range_start, start - range_start);
+		}
+		if (end < range_end) {
+			ranges.emplace(end, range_end - end);
+		}
 	}
 }

-void PhysicalMemory::AddFreeRange(uint64_t start, uint64_t size) {
+void PhysicalMemory::AddFreeRange(std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t>& ranges, uint64_t start,
+                                  uint64_t size) {
 	auto end  = start + size;
-	auto next = m_free.lower_bound(start);
-	if (next != m_free.begin()) {
+	auto next = ranges.lower_bound(start);
+	if (next != ranges.begin()) {
 		auto previous = std::prev(next);
 		if (previous->first + previous->second >= start) {
 			start = previous->first;
 			end   = std::max(end, previous->first + previous->second);
-			next  = m_free.erase(previous);
+			next  = ranges.erase(previous);
 		}
 	}
-	while (next != m_free.end() && next->first <= end) {
+	while (next != ranges.end() && next->first <= end) {
 		end  = std::max(end, next->first + next->second);
-		next = m_free.erase(next);
+		next = ranges.erase(next);
+	}
+	ranges.emplace(start, end - start);
+}
+
+bool PhysicalMemory::ReserveAutomatic(uint64_t size, PhysicalRanges* ranges) {
+	Common::LockGuard lock(m_mutex);
+	for (const auto& [start, available]: m_automatic_free) {
+		const auto length = std::min(size, available);
+		ranges->emplace_back(start, length);
+		size -= length;
+		if (size == 0) {
+			for (const auto& [offset, length]: *ranges) {
+				RemoveFreeRange(m_automatic_free, offset, length);
+			}
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+	ranges->clear();
+	return false;
+}
+
+void PhysicalMemory::RestoreAutomatic(const PhysicalRanges& ranges) {
+	Common::LockGuard lock(m_mutex);
+	for (const auto& [start, size]: ranges) {
+		AddFreeRange(m_automatic_free, start, size);
+	}
+}
+
+void PhysicalMemory::ReclaimAutomatic(uint64_t start, uint64_t size) {
+	const auto end   = start + size;
+	auto       owner = m_physical.upper_bound(start);
+	if (owner != m_physical.begin()) {
+		--owner;
+	}
+	bool automatic = false;
+	for (; owner != m_physical.end() && owner->first < end; ++owner) {
+		const auto& block = owner->second;
+		if (block.kind != AllocationKind::Automatic || block.start_addr + block.size <= start) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		const auto first = std::max(start, block.start_addr);
+		const auto last  = std::min(end, block.start_addr + block.size);
+		AddFreeRange(m_automatic_free, first, last - first);
+		automatic = true;
+	}
+	if (automatic) {
+		for (const auto& mapping: m_mappings) {
+			const auto first = std::max(start, mapping.start_addr);
+			const auto last  = std::min(end, mapping.start_addr + mapping.size);
+			if (first < last) {
+				RemoveFreeRange(m_automatic_free, first, last - first);
+			}
+		}
 	}
-	m_free.emplace(start, end - start);
 }

 bool PhysicalMemory::Release(uint64_t start, size_t len, uint64_t* vaddr, uint64_t* size,
@@ -1225,18 +1299,22 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::Release(uint64_t start, size_t len, uint64_t* vaddr, uint64
 	}
 	auto  it = std::prev(next);
 	auto& b  = it->second;
-	if (b.pool_expansion || start < b.start_addr || start >= b.start_addr + b.size ||
-	    len > b.start_addr + b.size - start) {
+	if (b.kind == AllocationKind::Pooled || start < b.start_addr ||
+	    start >= b.start_addr + b.size || len > b.start_addr + b.size - start) {
 		return false;
 	}

+	if (b.kind == AllocationKind::Automatic) {
+		RemoveFreeRange(m_automatic_free, start, len);
+	}
+
 	if (start == b.start_addr && len == b.size) {
 		*vaddr    = b.map_vaddr;
 		*size     = b.map_size;
 		*gpu_mode = b.gpu_mode;

 		m_physical.erase(it);
-		AddFreeRange(start, len);
+		AddFreeRange(m_free, start, len);
 		return true;
 	}
 	if (start > b.start_addr && start + len < b.start_addr + b.size) {
@@ -1261,7 +1339,7 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::Release(uint64_t start, size_t len, uint64_t* vaddr, uint64
 		}

 		m_physical.emplace(right.start_addr, right);
-		AddFreeRange(start, len);
+		AddFreeRange(m_free, start, len);
 		return true;
 	}
 	if (start == b.start_addr && len < b.size) {
@@ -1278,7 +1356,7 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::Release(uint64_t start, size_t len, uint64_t* vaddr, uint64
 			remaining.map_size -= len;
 		}
 		m_physical.emplace(remaining.start_addr, remaining);
-		AddFreeRange(start, len);
+		AddFreeRange(m_free, start, len);
 		return true;
 	}
 	if (start > b.start_addr && start + len == b.start_addr + b.size) {
@@ -1290,7 +1368,7 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::Release(uint64_t start, size_t len, uint64_t* vaddr, uint64
 		if (b.map_vaddr != 0) {
 			b.map_size = b.size;
 		}
-		AddFreeRange(start, len);
+		AddFreeRange(m_free, start, len);
 		return true;
 	}

@@ -1311,6 +1389,7 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::Map(uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t phys_addr, size_t len, int pro
 		return false;
 	}
 	auto first = std::prev(next);
+	bool has_automatic = false;
 	while (current < phys_addr + len) {
 		auto block = m_physical.upper_bound(current);
 		if (block == m_physical.begin()) {
@@ -1318,10 +1397,11 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::Map(uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t phys_addr, size_t len, int pro
 		}
 		--block;
 		const auto block_end = block->second.start_addr + block->second.size;
-		if (block->second.pool_expansion || current < block->second.start_addr ||
+		if (block->second.kind == AllocationKind::Pooled || current < block->second.start_addr ||
 		    current >= block_end) {
 			return false;
 		}
+		has_automatic |= block->second.kind == AllocationKind::Automatic;
 		current = std::min<uint64_t>(phys_addr + len, block_end);
 		if (current < phys_addr + len) {
 			const auto following = std::next(block);
@@ -1342,6 +1422,9 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::Map(uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t phys_addr, size_t len, int pro
 	mapping.mode           = mode;
 	mapping.gpu_mode       = gpu_mode;
 	m_mappings.push_back(mapping);
+	if (has_automatic) {
+		RemoveFreeRange(m_automatic_free, phys_addr, len);
+	}

 	return true;
 }
@@ -1362,7 +1445,7 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::CanMapDirect(uint64_t phys_addr, size_t len) {
 		}
 		--block;
 		const auto block_end = block->second.start_addr + block->second.size;
-		if (block->second.pool_expansion || current < block->second.start_addr ||
+		if (block->second.kind == AllocationKind::Pooled || current < block->second.start_addr ||
 		    current >= block_end) {
 			return false;
 		}
@@ -1380,11 +1463,12 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::CanMapDirect(uint64_t phys_addr, size_t len) {
 bool PhysicalMemory::ReleasePoolExpansion(uint64_t phys_addr, size_t len) {
 	Common::LockGuard lock(m_mutex);
 	const auto        it = m_physical.find(phys_addr);
-	if (it == m_physical.end() || !it->second.pool_expansion || it->second.size != len) {
+	if (it == m_physical.end() || it->second.kind != AllocationKind::Pooled ||
+	    it->second.size != len) {
 		return false;
 	}
 	m_physical.erase(it);
-	AddFreeRange(phys_addr, len);
+	AddFreeRange(m_free, phys_addr, len);
 	return true;
 }

@@ -1407,7 +1491,7 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::GetAllocatedSpan(uint64_t phys_addr, size_t len,
 		}
 		--block;
 		const auto block_end = block->second.start_addr + block->second.size;
-		if (block->second.pool_expansion || current < block->second.start_addr ||
+		if (block->second.kind == AllocationKind::Pooled || current < block->second.start_addr ||
 		    current >= block_end) {
 			blocks->clear();
 			return false;
@@ -1463,49 +1547,39 @@ bool PhysicalMemory::Unmap(uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t size, GpuAccessMode* gpu_mod
 		}
 	};

-	size_t index = 0;
-	for (auto& b: m_mappings) {
-		if (b.map_vaddr == vaddr && b.map_size == size) {
-			*gpu_mode             = b.gpu_mode;
-			const auto host_vaddr = b.host_vaddr;
-			const auto host_size  = b.host_size;
-
+	for (size_t index = 0; index < m_mappings.size(); ++index) {
+		auto& b = m_mappings[index];
+		if (vaddr < b.map_vaddr || vaddr >= b.map_vaddr + b.map_size ||
+		    size > b.map_vaddr + b.map_size - vaddr) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		*gpu_mode             = b.gpu_mode;
+		const auto phys_addr  = b.start_addr + vaddr - b.map_vaddr;
+		const auto host_vaddr = b.host_vaddr;
+		const auto host_size  = b.host_size;
+		if (vaddr == b.map_vaddr && size == b.map_size) {
 			m_mappings.erase(m_mappings.begin() + static_cast<std::ptrdiff_t>(index));
 			set_host_release_if_last(host_vaddr, host_size);
-
-			return true;
-		}
-		if (vaddr > b.map_vaddr && vaddr + size < b.map_vaddr + b.map_size) {
-			*gpu_mode = b.gpu_mode;
-
+		} else if (vaddr > b.map_vaddr && vaddr + size < b.map_vaddr + b.map_size) {
 			AllocatedBlock right = b;
 			right.start_addr += (vaddr + size) - b.map_vaddr;
 			right.size      = b.map_vaddr + b.map_size - (vaddr + size);
 			right.map_size  = right.size;
 			right.map_vaddr = vaddr + size;
-
 			b.size     = vaddr - b.map_vaddr;
 			b.map_size = b.size;
 			m_mappings.push_back(right);
-			return true;
-		}
-		if (vaddr == b.map_vaddr && size < b.map_size) {
-			*gpu_mode = b.gpu_mode;
-
+		} else if (vaddr == b.map_vaddr) {
 			b.start_addr += size;
 			b.size -= size;
 			b.map_vaddr += size;
 			b.map_size -= size;
-			return true;
-		}
-		if (vaddr > b.map_vaddr && vaddr + size == b.map_vaddr + b.map_size) {
-			*gpu_mode = b.gpu_mode;
-
+		} else {
 			b.size     = vaddr - b.map_vaddr;
 			b.map_size = b.size;
-			return true;
 		}
-		index++;
+		ReclaimAutomatic(phys_addr, size);
+		return true;
 	}

 	return false;
@@ -2726,10 +2800,8 @@ int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelDirectMemoryQuery(int64_t offset, int flags, void* info,
 	return OK;
 }

-int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelAllocateDirectMemory(int64_t search_start, int64_t search_end, size_t len,
-                                             size_t alignment, int memory_type,
-                                             int64_t* phys_addr_out) {
-	PRINT_NAME();
+int AllocateDirectMemory(int64_t search_start, int64_t search_end, size_t len, size_t alignment,
+                         int memory_type, int64_t* phys_addr_out, bool automatic) {

 	std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> memory_operation_lock(g_memory_operation_mutex);

@@ -2748,7 +2820,10 @@ int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelAllocateDirectMemory(int64_t search_start, int64_t searc
 	}

 	uint64_t addr = 0;
-	if (!g_physical_memory->Alloc(search_start, search_end, len, alignment, &addr, memory_type)) {
+	const auto kind = automatic ? PhysicalMemory::AllocationKind::Automatic
+	                            : PhysicalMemory::AllocationKind::Direct;
+	if (!g_physical_memory->Alloc(search_start, search_end, len, alignment, &addr, memory_type,
+	                              kind)) {
 		LOGF_COLOR(Log::Color::Red, "\t[Fail]\n");
 		return KERNEL_ERROR_EAGAIN;
 	}
@@ -2760,6 +2835,14 @@ int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelAllocateDirectMemory(int64_t search_start, int64_t searc
 	return OK;
 }

+int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelAllocateDirectMemory(int64_t search_start, int64_t search_end, size_t len,
+                                             size_t alignment, int memory_type,
+                                             int64_t* phys_addr_out) {
+	PRINT_NAME();
+	return AllocateDirectMemory(search_start, search_end, len, alignment, memory_type,
+	                            phys_addr_out);
+}
+
 int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelAllocateMainDirectMemory(size_t len, size_t alignment, int memory_type,
                                                 int64_t* phys_addr_out) {
 	PRINT_NAME();
@@ -3082,6 +3165,36 @@ int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelMapDirectMemory2(void** addr, size_t len, int type, int
 	return ret;
 }

+int MapAutomaticMemory(uint64_t vaddr, size_t size, int type, int prot) {
+	std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> memory_operation_lock(g_memory_operation_mutex);
+	constexpr uint64_t                    page_size = 0x4000;
+	if (size == 0 || (vaddr & (page_size - 1)) != 0 || (size & (page_size - 1)) != 0 ||
+	    vaddr < kExtendedMemoryBase || vaddr >= kExtendedMemoryBase + kExtendedMemorySize ||
+	    size > kExtendedMemoryBase + kExtendedMemorySize - vaddr) {
+		return KERNEL_ERROR_EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	PhysicalMemory::PhysicalRanges ranges;
+	if (!g_physical_memory->ReserveAutomatic(size, &ranges)) {
+		return KERNEL_ERROR_EAGAIN;
+	}
+	uint64_t mapped = 0;
+	for (const auto& [offset, length]: ranges) {
+		void*     address = reinterpret_cast<void*>(vaddr + mapped);
+		const int result  = KernelMapDirectMemory2(&address, length, type, prot, 0x10,
+		                                           static_cast<int64_t>(offset), page_size);
+		if (result != OK) {
+			if (mapped != 0) {
+				EXIT_IF(KernelMunmap(vaddr, mapped) != OK);
+			}
+			g_physical_memory->RestoreAutomatic(ranges);
+			return result;
+		}
+		mapped += length;
+	}
+	return OK;
+}
+
 int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelMapNamedDirectMemory(void** addr, size_t len, int prot, int flags,
                                             int64_t direct_memory_start, size_t alignment,
                                             const char* name) {
@@ -3892,7 +4005,7 @@ int KYTY_SYSV_ABI KernelMemoryPoolExpand(int64_t search_start, int64_t search_en
 	uint64_t   phys_addr           = 0;
 	if (!g_physical_memory->Alloc(static_cast<uint64_t>(search_start),
 	                              static_cast<uint64_t>(search_end), len, effective_alignment,
-	                              &phys_addr, 0, true)) {
+	                              &phys_addr, 0, PhysicalMemory::AllocationKind::Pooled)) {
 		return KERNEL_ERROR_ENOMEM;
 	}

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ struct Lifecycle {
 using callback_func_t = void (*)(uintptr_t addr, size_t size);

 constexpr uint32_t KERNEL_MAXIMUM_NAME_LENGTH = 32;
+constexpr uint64_t kExtendedMemoryBase       = 0x080000000000ull;
+constexpr uint64_t kExtendedMemorySize       = 512ull * 1024 * 1024 * 1024;

 struct VirtualQueryInfo {
 	uintptr_t start;
@@ -107,6 +109,9 @@ static_assert(sizeof(KernelMemoryPoolBlockStats) == 16,

 void                   RegisterCallbacks(callback_func_t alloc_func, callback_func_t free_func);
 void                   SetFlexibleMemorySize(uint64_t size);
+int AllocateDirectMemory(int64_t search_start, int64_t search_end, size_t size, size_t alignment,
+                         int memory_type, int64_t* phys_addr_out, bool automatic = false);
+int MapAutomaticMemory(uint64_t vaddr, size_t size, int type, int prot);
 bool                   TryWriteBacking(uint64_t vaddr, const void* data, uint64_t size);
 bool                   TryReadBacking(uint64_t vaddr, void* data, uint64_t size);
 bool                   TryReadGpuCleanBacking(uint64_t vaddr, void* data, uint64_t size);
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@

 static constexpr uint64_t HOST_SYSTEM_MANAGED_MIN  = 0x0000040000ull;
 static constexpr uint64_t HOST_SYSTEM_MANAGED_MAX  = 0x07ffffbfffull;
-static constexpr uint64_t HOST_SYSTEM_RESERVED_MIN = HOST_SYSTEM_MANAGED_MAX + 1u;
 #if defined(__APPLE__) && (defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64))
 static constexpr uint64_t HOST_SYSTEM_RESERVED_MAX = 0x0fbfffffffull;
 static constexpr uint64_t HOST_USER_MIN            = 0x7000000000ull;
@@ -1077,51 +1076,51 @@ private:
 #endif

 	void ReserveGuestRegions() {
+		const std::array<std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t>, 3> regions {{
+		    {HOST_SYSTEM_MANAGED_MIN, HOST_SYSTEM_RESERVED_MAX + 1u},
+		    {HOST_USER_MIN, HOST_USER_MAX + 1u},
+		    {kExtendedMemoryBase, kExtendedMemoryBase + kExtendedMemorySize},
+		}};
+
 #if KYTY_PLATFORM == KYTY_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
 		constexpr uint64_t MinimumRegionSize = 0x1000000;
 		const auto         process           = GetCurrentProcess();
-		const auto         guest_end         = HOST_USER_MAX + 1u;
-		auto               next_addr         = HOST_SYSTEM_MANAGED_MIN;
-
-		while (next_addr < guest_end) {
-			MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION info {};
-			if (VirtualQuery(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(next_addr), &info, sizeof(info)) == 0) {
-				EXIT("failed to inspect guest address space at 0x%016" PRIx64 "\n", next_addr);
-			}
-
-			const auto region_base = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(info.BaseAddress);
-			const auto region_end =
-			    std::min<uint64_t>(guest_end, region_base + static_cast<uint64_t>(info.RegionSize));
-			const auto reserve_start =
-			    AlignUp(std::max<uint64_t>(region_base, HOST_SYSTEM_MANAGED_MIN), m_granularity);
-			const auto reserve_end = AlignDown(region_end, m_granularity);
-
-			if (info.State == MEM_FREE && reserve_end > reserve_start &&
-			    reserve_end - reserve_start > MinimumRegionSize) {
-				auto* ptr = VirtualAlloc2(
-				    process, reinterpret_cast<void*>(reserve_start), reserve_end - reserve_start,
-				    MEM_RESERVE | MEM_RESERVE_PLACEHOLDER, PAGE_NOACCESS, nullptr, 0);
-				if (reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(ptr) != reserve_start) {
-					EXIT("failed to reserve guest address space at 0x%016" PRIx64
-					     ", size 0x%016" PRIx64 "\n",
-					     reserve_start, reserve_end - reserve_start);
+		for (const auto& [guest_start, guest_end]: regions) {
+			auto next_addr = guest_start;
+			while (next_addr < guest_end) {
+				MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION info {};
+				if (VirtualQuery(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(next_addr), &info, sizeof(info)) == 0) {
+					EXIT("failed to inspect guest address space at 0x%016" PRIx64 "\n", next_addr);
 				}
-				AddFreeUnlocked(reserve_start, reserve_end - reserve_start);
-				m_owned.emplace_back(reserve_start, reserve_end - reserve_start);
-			}

-			if (region_end <= next_addr) {
-				EXIT("guest address-space scan did not advance at 0x%016" PRIx64 "\n", next_addr);
+				const auto region_base = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(info.BaseAddress);
+				const auto region_end = std::min<uint64_t>(
+				    guest_end, region_base + static_cast<uint64_t>(info.RegionSize));
+				const auto reserve_start =
+				    AlignUp(std::max(region_base, guest_start), m_granularity);
+				const auto reserve_end = AlignDown(region_end, m_granularity);
+
+				if (info.State == MEM_FREE && reserve_end > reserve_start &&
+				    reserve_end - reserve_start > MinimumRegionSize) {
+					auto* ptr = VirtualAlloc2(
+					    process, reinterpret_cast<void*>(reserve_start), reserve_end - reserve_start,
+					    MEM_RESERVE | MEM_RESERVE_PLACEHOLDER, PAGE_NOACCESS, nullptr, 0);
+					if (reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(ptr) != reserve_start) {
+						EXIT("failed to reserve guest address space at 0x%016" PRIx64
+						     ", size 0x%016" PRIx64 "\n",
+						     reserve_start, reserve_end - reserve_start);
+					}
+					AddFreeUnlocked(reserve_start, reserve_end - reserve_start);
+					m_owned.emplace_back(reserve_start, reserve_end - reserve_start);
+				}
+
+				if (region_end <= next_addr) {
+					EXIT("guest address-space scan did not advance at 0x%016" PRIx64 "\n", next_addr);
+				}
+				next_addr = region_end;
 			}
-			next_addr = region_end;
 		}
 #else
-		const std::array<std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t>, 3> regions {{
-		    {HOST_SYSTEM_MANAGED_MIN, HOST_SYSTEM_MANAGED_MAX + 1u},
-		    {HOST_SYSTEM_RESERVED_MIN, HOST_SYSTEM_RESERVED_MAX + 1u},
-		    {HOST_USER_MIN, HOST_USER_MAX + 1u},
-		}};
-
 #if KYTY_PLATFORM == KYTY_PLATFORM_LINUX && !defined(__APPLE__)
 		std::vector<std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t>> occupied;
 		FILE*                                      maps = fopen("/proc/self/maps", "r");
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ add_executable(launcher WIN32
 )


-target_link_libraries(launcher Qt6::Concurrent Qt6::Network Qt6::Widgets Vulkan::Headers SDL3::SDL3-static kyty_git_version)
+target_link_libraries(launcher Qt6::Concurrent Qt6::Network Qt6::Widgets Vulkan::Headers SDL3::SDL3-static kyty_git_version common)
 if(WIN32)
 target_link_libraries(launcher setupapi)
 endif()
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef CONFIGURATION_ITEM_H
 #define CONFIGURATION_ITEM_H

+#include <QIcon>
 #include <QObject>
 #include <QTreeWidgetItem>

@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ public:
 	explicit ConfigurationItem(std::unique_ptr<Configuration> info, QTreeWidget* parent);
 	~ConfigurationItem() override;

-	void Update();
+	void Update(bool reload_icon = false);
 	bool operator<(const QTreeWidgetItem& other) const override;

 	Configuration&                     GetInfo() { return *m_info; }
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ private:
 	void UpdateStatusIndicator();

 	std::unique_ptr<Configuration> m_info;
+	QIcon                          m_icon;
 	bool                           m_running          = false;
 	QComboBox*                     m_status_combo     = nullptr;
 	QLabel*                        m_status_indicator = nullptr;
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#ifndef GAME_CONTENT_H
+#define GAME_CONTENT_H
+
+#include <QByteArray>
+#include <QString>
+#include <QStringList>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <filesystem>
+
+namespace GameContent {
+
+inline constexpr uint64_t MaxMetadataSize      = uint64_t {1} << 20u;
+inline constexpr uint64_t MaxImageSize         = uint64_t {32} << 20u;
+inline constexpr uint64_t MaxTrophyPackageSize = uint64_t {128} << 20u;
+
+[[nodiscard]] std::filesystem::path ToPath(const QString& path);
+[[nodiscard]] QString               FromPath(const std::filesystem::path& path);
+[[nodiscard]] bool                  IsArchive(const QString& base);
+[[nodiscard]] std::filesystem::path Resolve(const QString& base, const QString& relative);
+[[nodiscard]] bool                  FileExists(const QString& base, const QString& relative);
+[[nodiscard]] QByteArray            ReadPath(const std::filesystem::path& path, uint64_t max_size);
+[[nodiscard]] QByteArray  ReadFile(const QString& base, const QString& relative, uint64_t max_size);
+[[nodiscard]] QStringList ListFiles(const QString& base, const QString& relative);
+
+} // namespace GameContent
+
+#endif // GAME_CONTENT_H
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef GAME_LIST_TREE_WIDGET_H
 #define GAME_LIST_TREE_WIDGET_H

+#include "gameContent.h"
+
 #include <QPaintEvent>
 #include <QPainter>
 #include <QPalette>
@@ -17,14 +19,15 @@ public:
 		viewport()->setAutoFillBackground(false);
 	}

-	void SetBackgroundImage(const QString& path) {
-		if (m_path == path) {
+	void SetBackgroundImage(const QString& key) {
+		if (m_path == key) {
 			return;
 		}
-		m_path   = path;
+		m_path   = key;
 		m_source = QPixmap();
-		if (!path.isEmpty()) {
-			m_source.load(path);
+		if (!key.isEmpty()) {
+			m_source.loadFromData(GameContent::ReadFile(key, QStringLiteral("sce_sys/pic0.png"),
+			                                            GameContent::MaxImageSize));
 		}
 		UpdateScaledBackground();
 		viewport()->update();
@@ -440,6 +440,14 @@ void ConfigurationEditDialog::add_game_directory() {
 		start_dir = m_game_dirs_list->item(m_game_dirs_list->count() - 1)->text();
 	}

+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+	// Use the native macOS picker to browse mounted volumes.
+	const auto dir = QFileDialog::getExistingDirectory(this, tr("Select game folder"), start_dir);
+	if (dir.isEmpty()) {
+		return;
+	}
+	AddGameDirectoryItem(dir);
+#else
 	QFileDialog dialog(this, tr("Select game folders"), start_dir);
 	dialog.setFileMode(QFileDialog::Directory);
 	dialog.setOption(QFileDialog::ShowDirsOnly, true);
@@ -462,6 +470,7 @@ void ConfigurationEditDialog::add_game_directory() {
 	for (const auto& dir: dialog.selectedFiles()) {
 		AddGameDirectoryItem(dir);
 	}
+#endif

 	update_game_directory_buttons();
 }
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "configurationItem.h"

 #include "configuration.h"
+#include "gameContent.h"

 #include <QApplication>
 #include <QComboBox>
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <QLabel>
 #include <QLineEdit>
 #include <QLocale>
+#include <QPixmap>
 #include <QSize>
 #include <QStringList>
 #include <QStyle>
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ ConfigurationItem::ConfigurationItem(std::unique_ptr<Configuration> info, QTreeW
 	m_comment_edit->setFrame(false);
 	parent->setItemWidget(this, CommentsColumn, m_comment_edit);

-	Update();
+	Update(true);
 	SetRunning(false);

 	setData(SizeColumn, Qt::UserRole, qint64(-1));
@@ -170,7 +172,14 @@ ConfigurationItem::ConfigurationItem(std::unique_ptr<Configuration> info, QTreeW
 		watcher->deleteLater();
 	});
 	watcher->setFuture(QtConcurrent::run([path = m_info->basedir]() -> qint64 {
-		if (path.isEmpty() || !QDir(path).exists()) {
+		if (path.isEmpty()) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+		const QFileInfo info(path);
+		if (GameContent::IsArchive(path)) {
+			return info.size();
+		}
+		if (!QDir(path).exists()) {
 			return -1;
 		}
 		qint64       bytes = 0;
@@ -188,7 +197,7 @@ ConfigurationItem::ConfigurationItem(std::unique_ptr<Configuration> info, QTreeW

 ConfigurationItem::~ConfigurationItem() = default;

-void ConfigurationItem::Update() {
+void ConfigurationItem::Update(bool reload_icon) {
 	const auto display_text = GetDisplayText(*m_info);
 	const auto path         = GetPathText(*m_info);

@@ -209,6 +218,12 @@ void ConfigurationItem::Update() {
 		m_comment_edit->setText(m_info->game_comment);
 	}

+	if (reload_icon) {
+		const auto icon_data = GameContent::ReadFile(
+		    m_info->basedir, QStringLiteral("sce_sys/icon0.png"), GameContent::MaxImageSize);
+		QPixmap icon;
+		m_icon = !icon_data.isEmpty() && icon.loadFromData(icon_data) ? QIcon(icon) : QIcon {};
+	}
 	UpdateIcon();
 	UpdateStatusIndicator();
 }
@@ -267,9 +282,8 @@ void ConfigurationItem::SetCompatibilityEditable(bool editable) {
 }

 void ConfigurationItem::UpdateIcon() {
-	const QString icon_file = QDir(m_info->basedir).filePath(QStringLiteral("sce_sys/icon0.png"));
-	if (QFileInfo::exists(icon_file)) {
-		setIcon(NameColumn, QIcon(icon_file));
+	if (!m_icon.isNull()) {
+		setIcon(NameColumn, m_icon);
 		return;
 	}

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 #include "configurationListWidget.h"

+#include "common/archive.h"
 #include "compatibilityDatabase.h"
 #include "configuration.h"
 #include "configurationEditDialog.h"
 #include "configurationItem.h"
+#include "gameContent.h"
 #include "gameListTreeWidget.h"
 #include "inputMappingDialog.h"
 #include "mainDialog.h"
@@ -127,15 +129,6 @@ static QStringList SettingsStringList(const QVariant& value) {
 	return text.isEmpty() ? QStringList() : QStringList({text});
 }

-static QString GetPic0Path(const Configuration& info) {
-	if (info.basedir.isEmpty()) {
-		return {};
-	}
-
-	const auto path = QDir(info.basedir).filePath(QStringLiteral("sce_sys/pic0.png"));
-	return QFileInfo::exists(path) ? QFileInfo(path).absoluteFilePath() : QString();
-}
-
 static void ConfigureGameList(Ui::ConfigurationListWidget* ui) {
 	ui->cfgs_list->setAlternatingRowColors(false);
 	ui->cfgs_list->setAllColumnsShowFocus(true);
@@ -490,17 +483,16 @@ static QString GetFirmwareVersion(const QJsonObject& root) {
 	return version;
 }

-static GameMetadata GetGameMetadata(const QString& param_file, const QString& fallback) {
+static GameMetadata GetGameMetadata(const QByteArray& param_data, const QString& fallback) {
 	GameMetadata ret;
 	ret.title_name = fallback;

-	QFile param(param_file);
-	if (!param.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
+	if (param_data.isEmpty()) {
 		return ret;
 	}

 	QJsonParseError parse_error;
-	const auto      doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(param.readAll(), &parse_error);
+	const auto      doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(param_data, &parse_error);
 	if (parse_error.error != QJsonParseError::NoError || !doc.isObject()) {
 		return ret;
 	}
@@ -522,18 +514,18 @@ static GameMetadata GetGameMetadata(const QString& param_file, const QString& fa
 }

 static void SetGameFiles(Configuration& info, const QString& game_dir, const QString& game_path,
-                         const GameMetadata& metadata) {
-	QDir game(game_dir);
+                         const GameMetadata& metadata, bool archive) {
+	const QFileInfo game(game_dir);

 	info.game_path   = game_path;
-	info.basedir     = game.absolutePath();
+	info.basedir     = archive ? game.absoluteFilePath() : QDir(game_dir).absolutePath();
 	info.name        = metadata.title_name;
 	info.title_id    = metadata.title_id;
 	info.gameVersion = metadata.gameVersion;
 	info.firmwareVer = metadata.firmwareVer;

 	if (info.name.isEmpty()) {
-		info.name = game.dirName();
+		info.name = archive ? game.completeBaseName() : QDir(game_dir).dirName();
 	}
 }

@@ -609,6 +601,94 @@ void ConfigurationListWidget::ScanGameDirectory() {

 	const QString eboot_name = QStringLiteral("eboot.bin");
 	QSet<QString> found_games;
+	const auto add_game = [this, &found_games, &eboot_name,
+	                       &running_items](const QString& base, const QString& game_path,
+	                                       const QString& legacy_game_path, const QString& fallback,
+	                                       bool archive) {
+		const QString game_key = PathKey(game_path);
+		if (game_key.isEmpty() || found_games.contains(game_key)) {
+			return;
+		}
+		// Keep the index and decompression cache alive through validation, metadata and icon
+		// reads, after rejecting duplicate candidates from overlapping game folders.
+		const auto reader = archive ? Common::OpenArchive(GameContent::ToPath(base)) : nullptr;
+		if (archive && (reader == nullptr || !GameContent::FileExists(base, eboot_name))) {
+			return;
+		}
+		found_games.insert(game_key);
+
+		const auto metadata =
+		    GetGameMetadata(GameContent::ReadFile(base, QStringLiteral("sce_sys/param.json"),
+		                                          GameContent::MaxMetadataSize),
+		                    fallback);
+		auto info = std::make_unique<Configuration>();
+		info->custom_settings =
+		    FindCustomInfo(&m_custom_infos, game_path, legacy_game_path) != nullptr;
+
+		SetGameFiles(*info, base, game_path, metadata, archive);
+		const auto* compatibility = m_compatibility->Find(info->title_id);
+		if (compatibility != nullptr) {
+			info->game_status  = compatibility->status;
+			info->game_comment = compatibility->comment;
+		}
+
+		if (auto* item = running_items.value(game_key); item != nullptr) {
+			// Refresh metadata without losing the running row's identity.
+			const QSignalBlocker status_blocker(item->GetStatusCombo());
+			item->GetInfo().CopyGameInfoFrom(*info);
+			item->Update(true);
+			item->SetCompatibilityEditable(m_compatibility->IsLocal() &&
+			                               !item->GetInfo().title_id.trimmed().isEmpty());
+			return;
+		}
+
+		auto* item = new ConfigurationItem(std::move(info), m_ui->cfgs_list);
+		item->SetCompatibilityEditable(m_compatibility->IsLocal() &&
+		                               !item->GetInfo().title_id.trimmed().isEmpty());
+		connect(item->GetStatusCombo(), &QComboBox::currentIndexChanged, item,
+		        [this, item](int /*index*/) {
+			        if (!m_compatibility->IsLocal()) {
+				        return;
+			        }
+
+			        const auto& title_id = item->GetInfo().title_id;
+			        if (title_id.trimmed().isEmpty()) {
+				        return;
+			        }
+			        item->GetInfo().game_status = static_cast<Configuration::GameStatus>(
+			            item->GetStatusCombo()->currentData().toInt());
+			        item->Update();
+			        m_compatibility->SetStatus(title_id, item->GetInfo().game_status);
+			        m_ui->cfgs_list->setCurrentItem(item);
+			        SelectItem(item);
+		        });
+		connect(item->GetCommentEdit(), &QLineEdit::editingFinished, item, [this, item]() {
+			if (!m_compatibility->IsLocal()) {
+				return;
+			}
+
+			const auto& title_id = item->GetInfo().title_id;
+			if (title_id.trimmed().isEmpty()) {
+				return;
+			}
+			item->GetInfo().game_comment = item->GetCommentEdit()->text();
+			item->Update();
+			m_compatibility->SetComment(title_id, item->GetInfo().game_comment);
+			m_ui->cfgs_list->setCurrentItem(item);
+			SelectItem(item);
+		});
+	};
+	const auto scan_archives = [&add_game](const QDir& directory, const QDir& root) {
+		const auto entries = directory.entryInfoList(QDir::Files | QDir::NoSymLinks, QDir::Name);
+		for (const auto& archive: entries) {
+			const auto base = archive.absoluteFilePath();
+			if (!Common::IsSupportedArchive(GameContent::ToPath(base))) {
+				continue;
+			}
+			add_game(base, QDir::cleanPath(base), root.relativeFilePath(base),
+			         archive.completeBaseName(), true);
+		}
+	};

 	for (const auto& root_path: m_game_dirs) {
 		QDir root(root_path);
@@ -616,6 +696,7 @@ void ConfigurationListWidget::ScanGameDirectory() {
 			continue;
 		}

+		scan_archives(root, root);
 		QList<QDir> pending_dirs;
 		const auto  root_subdirs =
 		    root.entryInfoList(QDir::Dirs | QDir::NoDotAndDotDot | QDir::NoSymLinks);
@@ -625,74 +706,13 @@ void ConfigurationListWidget::ScanGameDirectory() {

 		while (!pending_dirs.isEmpty()) {
 			QDir game_dir = pending_dirs.takeFirst();
+			scan_archives(game_dir, root);

 			if (game_dir.exists(eboot_name)) {
 				const QString game_path        = NormalizeGameDirectory(game_dir.absolutePath());
 				const QString legacy_game_path = root.relativeFilePath(game_dir.absolutePath());
-				const QString game_key         = PathKey(game_path);
-				if (game_key.isEmpty() || found_games.contains(game_key)) {
-					continue;
-				}
-				found_games.insert(game_key);
-
-				auto metadata = GetGameMetadata(
-				    game_dir.filePath(QStringLiteral("sce_sys/param.json")), game_dir.dirName());
-
-				auto info = std::make_unique<Configuration>();
-				info->custom_settings =
-				    FindCustomInfo(&m_custom_infos, game_path, legacy_game_path) != nullptr;
-				SetGameFiles(*info, game_dir.absolutePath(), game_path, metadata);
-				const auto* compatibility = m_compatibility->Find(info->title_id);
-				if (compatibility != nullptr) {
-					info->game_status  = compatibility->status;
-					info->game_comment = compatibility->comment;
-				}
-
-				if (auto* item = running_items.value(game_key); item != nullptr) {
-					// Refresh metadata without losing the running row's identity.
-					const QSignalBlocker status_blocker(item->GetStatusCombo());
-					item->GetInfo().CopyGameInfoFrom(*info);
-					item->Update();
-					item->SetCompatibilityEditable(m_compatibility->IsLocal() &&
-					                               !item->GetInfo().title_id.trimmed().isEmpty());
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				auto* item = new ConfigurationItem(std::move(info), m_ui->cfgs_list);
-				item->SetCompatibilityEditable(m_compatibility->IsLocal() &&
-				                               !item->GetInfo().title_id.trimmed().isEmpty());
-				connect(item->GetStatusCombo(), &QComboBox::currentIndexChanged, item,
-				        [this, item](int /*index*/) {
-					        if (!m_compatibility->IsLocal()) {
-						        return;
-					        }
-
-					        const auto& title_id = item->GetInfo().title_id;
-					        if (title_id.trimmed().isEmpty()) {
-						        return;
-					        }
-					        item->GetInfo().game_status = static_cast<Configuration::GameStatus>(
-					            item->GetStatusCombo()->currentData().toInt());
-					        item->Update();
-					        m_compatibility->SetStatus(title_id, item->GetInfo().game_status);
-					        m_ui->cfgs_list->setCurrentItem(item);
-					        SelectItem(item);
-				        });
-				connect(item->GetCommentEdit(), &QLineEdit::editingFinished, item, [this, item]() {
-					if (!m_compatibility->IsLocal()) {
-						return;
-					}
-
-					const auto& title_id = item->GetInfo().title_id;
-					if (title_id.trimmed().isEmpty()) {
-						return;
-					}
-					item->GetInfo().game_comment = item->GetCommentEdit()->text();
-					item->Update();
-					m_compatibility->SetComment(title_id, item->GetInfo().game_comment);
-					m_ui->cfgs_list->setCurrentItem(item);
-					SelectItem(item);
-				});
+				add_game(game_dir.absolutePath(), game_path, legacy_game_path, game_dir.dirName(),
+				         false);
 				continue;
 			}

@@ -805,7 +825,8 @@ void ConfigurationListWidget::open_game_folder() {
 		return;
 	}

-	const QDir game_dir(item->GetInfo().basedir);
+	const auto base = item->GetInfo().basedir;
+	const QDir game_dir(GameContent::IsArchive(base) ? QFileInfo(base).absolutePath() : base);
 	if (!game_dir.exists()) {
 		QMessageBox::warning(this, tr("Open game folder"), tr("Game folder does not exist."));
 		return;
@@ -896,7 +917,7 @@ void ConfigurationListWidget::SelectItem(QTreeWidgetItem* witem) {
 	m_ui->edit_button->setEnabled(!item->IsRunning());

 	m_selected_item = item;
-	m_ui->cfgs_list->SetBackgroundImage(GetPic0Path(item->GetInfo()));
+	m_ui->cfgs_list->SetBackgroundImage(item->GetInfo().basedir);

 	emit Select();
 }
@@ -959,7 +980,8 @@ void ConfigurationListWidget::show_context_menu(const QPoint& pos) {

 	if (item != nullptr) {
 		action_run->setDisabled(item->IsRunning());
-		action_open_folder->setDisabled(!QDir(item->GetInfo().basedir).exists());
+		const auto& base = item->GetInfo().basedir;
+		action_open_folder->setDisabled(!QDir(base).exists() && !GameContent::IsArchive(base));
 		action_view_trophies->setDisabled(!has_trophy_data);
 		action_remove_save_data->setDisabled(item->IsRunning() || save_data_dirs.isEmpty());
 		action_edit->setDisabled(item->IsRunning());
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
nmzik	0c844e4bc2	profiler: use native Tracy scopes and remove unused manual lifetime tracking	2026-09-29 13:57:32 +04:00
nmzik	e57c37fa9c	graphics: consume vertex semantics directly from shader metadata	2026-09-29 13:57:32 +04:00
nmzik	6d6666819a	graphics: serialize pipeline cache through its renderer owner	2026-09-29 13:57:32 +04:00
nmzik	0fbeac6d3f	graphics: compact shader keys and hash packed pipeline state	2026-09-29 13:57:32 +04:00
nmzik	5e4f6afc30	graphics: build color target descriptors in place	2026-09-29 13:57:32 +04:00
nmzik	37501b5a78	graphics: stream clean guest buffers without backing-store lookups	2026-09-29 13:57:32 +04:00
nmzik	b43bf9f7fb	graphics: store vertex attribute bindings without duplicated arrays	2026-09-29 13:57:32 +04:00
nmzik	8e42e99788	graphics: batch release labels without redundant submissions	2026-09-29 13:57:32 +04:00
João Lobo	539c0f7bf8	graphics: restore block image storage usage where the device supports it (#894 )	2026-09-29 01:57:25 +04:00
GodsWill Devandnmzik	62a0222e24	tests: cover 1D-array color render targets (#377 ) * tests: cover 1D-array color render targets * tests: build shader regressions on Windows CI --------- Co-authored-by: nmzik <Nmzik@mail.ru>	2026-09-29 01:48:56 +04:00
Saif Malikandnmzik	6f241bef49	Fix macOS aggregate test build (#536 ) * tests: add Darwin memory test support * tests: fix x86_64 aggregate test build * tests: verify macOS memory and shader tests * tests: validate macOS death-test setup before fork --------- Co-authored-by: nmzik <Nmzik@mail.ru>	2026-09-29 01:43:28 +04:00
Matthew HurleyandMatthew Hurley	21d7e8e1f0	tests: run the saveexec mask cases in a populated subgroup (#876 ) tests: run saveexec masks in a populated subgroup Co-authored-by: Matthew Hurley <171001439+theantipopau@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-09-29 01:42:11 +04:00
Matthew HurleyandMatthew Hurley	49db3ea54c	tests: skip rasterization cases instead of aborting the suite on limited GPUs (#875 ) tests: skip rasterization cases on limited GPUs Co-authored-by: Matthew Hurley <171001439+theantipopau@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-09-29 01:41:37 +04:00
Aspenandnmzik	4b0de1b672	Zarchive Loading (#724 ) * Simplify archive loading and harden filesystem integration * Restore directory entry name length assertion * Keep graphics-dependent filesystem tests out of CI --------- Co-authored-by: nmzik <Nmzik@mail.ru>	2026-09-29 00:06:44 +04:00
nmzik	8e61798bfd	graphics: honor CPU ownership in image dirty-region queries	2026-09-28 22:17:43 +04:00
nmzik	6ee1bf9db0	graphics: trust image-local readback validity	2026-09-28 22:17:43 +04:00
nmzik	0471c9991c	audio: implement AudioOut2 user capability queries	2026-09-28 22:17:43 +04:00
nmzik	b10bd53dd3	audio: prevent ATRAC9 vibration configuration heap corruption	2026-09-28 22:17:43 +04:00
nmzik	4cf456fb77	graphics: retain buffer names across draw bindings	2026-09-28 22:17:43 +04:00
Devran Cosmo Uenalandnmzik	22ff4693c5	audio: play pad speaker ports on the DualSense speaker (#868 ) * audio: play pad speaker ports on the DualSense speaker Route the right channel to the speaker with the audio-control values the Linux hid-playstation driver uses without headphones, and fall back to the main output while no DualSense audio device is active. Also stop the previous DualSense's rumble when another DualSense becomes active. * audio: harden DualSense speaker routing and fallback --------- Co-authored-by: nmzik <Nmzik@mail.ru>	2026-09-28 20:00:58 +04:00
nmzik	a107d1e333	filesystem: keep unmapped guest paths out of the host namespace	2026-09-28 19:17:03 +04:00
Emil Claude Sonnet 5 nmzik	05f92b6422	libCes CP932 fix for Windows/macOS, fix SaveDataDialog lockups (#878 ) * libs: fix CP932 iconv conversion on Windows and macOS SDL3's SDL_SYSTEM_ICONV build option defaults off on Windows and macOS, so SDL falls back to its own bundled iconv there, which only implements ASCII/Latin-1/UTF/UCS. SDL_iconv_open("UTF-8", "CP932") always failed as a result, crashing games that convert Shift-JIS strings via sceCesMbcsStrToUtf8Str (e.g. save-data dialogs). Add a small CesIconv shim selected at compile time: Windows converts one character at a time via the Win32 codepage-932 APIs, replicating SDL_iconv's chunked semantics and error codes; macOS calls real POSIX iconv directly, since libiconv is always present there and does support CP932, unlike SDL's fallback. Linux is untouched, since SDL already links real system iconv by default there. Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> * libs: fix SaveDataDialog infinite loop on save SaveDataDialogOpen() jumped straight from SAVE_STATUS_INITIALIZED (1) to SAVE_STATUS_FINISHED (3), skipping SAVE_STATUS_RUNNING (2) entirely. At least one title's save-write dialog stage only accepts a FINISHED status after observing a RUNNING poll first; without it, the title assumed the Open() request never took effect and re-issued it forever, hanging the save flow (this only became visible once the CP932 crash above stopped masking it). Open() now starts the dialog as RUNNING. UpdateStatus() advances the state machine, reporting RUNNING once before flipping to FINISHED for subsequent polls; GetStatus() is untouched, staying a pure peek with no side effects, matching the real SDK's pump-vs-peek split between the two calls. Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> * Add iconv linking to macOS * Fix missing macOS iconv link for tests * Fix CP932 edge cases and save dialog status consistency --------- Co-authored-by: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com> Co-authored-by: nmzik <Nmzik@mail.ru>	2026-09-28 18:42:22 +04:00
nmzik	a892097ff0	tests: fix macOS extended-memory alias regression check (#889 ) tests: use a macOS-owned address for extended memory alias checks	2026-09-28 18:33:46 +04:00
nmzik	c8baa7b909	shader: derive immutable resource policy once per plan	2026-09-28 18:01:49 +04:00
nmzik	34a3eb6b58	memory: recycle automatic backing through physical ownership	2026-09-28 18:01:49 +04:00
nmzik	a20b64d3e5	audio: rewind compressed sampler blocks at loop boundaries	2026-09-28 18:01:49 +04:00
nmzik	2016f8e2fe	gpu: address extended guest memory without widening dense cache tables	2026-09-28 18:01:49 +04:00
nmzik	c91fe80d64	memory: separate extended allocations from ordinary guest mappings	2026-09-28 18:01:49 +04:00
nmzik	ab2c1c4c03	Update README screenshot to UFC 5	2026-09-28 18:01:49 +04:00
gohansharma79-svgandnmzik	0a5774be7b	shader: support FP64 conversions used by FighterZ (#884 ) shader: support float and unsigned widening to FP64 Co-authored-by: nmzik <Nmzik@mail.ru>	2026-09-28 17:39:31 +04:00
nmzik	0791f921f6	UFC 5 in-game (#883 ) * shader: release descriptor dependencies * shader: simplify shared-exit control flow * shader: fix scalar memory loads * shader: fix LDS counter bounds * renderer: skip inactive pixel shaders * shader: respect FP32 mode in comparisons * renderer: fix sampler border colors * shader: resolve descriptors from control flow * shader: resolve descriptors before resource planning * shader: handle scalar guards for image bounds * shader: handle reduced guards for image loops * shader: fix wave guards and material indices * shader: preserve scalar buffer offset alignment and carry * shader: prove masked loop bounds across iteration transitions * shader: preserve source and IR before resource tracking failures * shader: track material keys selected from active lanes * shader: remove obsolete post-dominator analysis * shader: follow bounds guards through control-flow joins	2026-09-28 16:03:05 +04:00
nmzik	421684e75f	docs: add weekly updates and Discord links to README (#866 ) * docs: link weekly updates from README * docs: add Discord development channel * docs: use Discord server invite link * docs: refine weekly updates wording	2026-09-27 18:06:26 +04:00
Elijaandnmzik	025b39c018	Fix empty query handling in HttpUriParse (#764 ) * Fix empty query handling in HttpUriParse * Handle empty URI query consistently * Cover empty URI query handling --------- Co-authored-by: nmzik <Nmzik@mail.ru>	2026-09-27 16:07:03 +04:00
João Loboandnmzik	7c8583d204	audio: implement the AJM Opus decoder (#858 ) * audio: implement the AJM Opus decoder * Audio: simplify Opus decoding and preserve packet boundaries --------- Co-authored-by: nmzik <Nmzik@mail.ru>	2026-09-27 15:53:20 +04:00
nmzik EmK530 Hamza Shakir	9229c04ebf	samplerCache: handle reserved sampler anisotropy ratios Co-authored-by: EmK530 <admin@emk530.net> Co-authored-by: Hamza Shakir <60213466+hamzashakir99@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-09-27 15:46:25 +04:00
Matthew Hurleyandnmzik	1b6af301b5	tests: wire dormant VOP3 lane-read check and guard new dormant tests (#840 ) Tests: enable lane-read coverage and clarify layout failures Co-authored-by: nmzik <Nmzik@mail.ru>	2026-09-27 15:37:32 +04:00
nmzik	e51f252b75	AvPlayer: preserve clip timestamps across playback loops	2026-09-27 15:23:36 +04:00
nmzik	0f1ff37f23	Graphics: materialize CMASK clears before publishing expanded metadata	2026-09-27 15:05:46 +04:00
nmzik	da33a1c4a3	Graphics: respect physical tile layout when resolving depth aliases	2026-09-27 15:05:46 +04:00
nmzik	f53f0ca483	Graphics: preserve rendered contents across 1D and 2D texture aliases	2026-09-27 15:05:46 +04:00
nmzik	7b6bfdec64	Graphics: share canonical padded layouts for single-sample color targets	2026-09-27 15:05:46 +04:00
nmzik	a88181b897	Graphics: share texture layout for linear render-target mip chains	2026-09-27 11:10:02 +04:00
nmzik	041874f663	Graphics: resolve equivalent terminal mip views without expanding backing	2026-09-27 11:04:19 +04:00
nmzik	496432bbb4	Shader: skip identity image remapping on materialization hits	2026-09-27 10:47:18 +04:00
Pcniadoandnmzik	bec67b7863	Fix HITMAN 3 boot, layered presentation, and socket imports (#851 ) * videoout: synchronize layered flips with premultiplied composition * shader: support unsigned FFBH subword sources * shader: apply cube-face result scaling * shader: prune buffer reads proven out of bounds * net: implement send and receive exports with shared socket handling --------- Co-authored-by: nmzik <Nmzik@mail.ru>	2026-09-27 02:13:30 +04:00
Devran Cosmo Uenalandnmzik	a22a9d9348	audio: play DualSense haptics from vibration audio ports (#843 ) * audio: play DualSense haptics from vibration audio ports Games drive the DualSense's actuators through a vibration audio port, one channel per actuator. These ports had no device, so their samples were dropped. Over USB the DualSense is a 4-channel audio device whose back channels feed the actuators; play the port's samples there through SDL. The device is looked up while the port plays, so the controller can be connected at any time. The queue keeps about the latency of the regular audio path, with the playback rate nudged by up to 3% when the port is fed off real time. While haptic audio plays, hold a DualSense's rumble at zero: SDL disables audio haptics whenever rumble is non-zero. Add pad_haptics tests for the sample conversion, device-name matching and rate correction. * Simplify DualSense audio haptics and restore idle rumble --------- Co-authored-by: nmzik <Nmzik@mail.ru>	2026-09-27 00:37:27 +04:00
nmzik	81f312638f	graphics: encode packed UNorm buffer stores before writing skinning normals	2026-09-26 23:42:19 +04:00
nmzik	f1f930e06c	fix(launcher): use native macOS game folder picker	2026-09-26 22:14:09 +04:00
Devran Cosmo Uenalandnmzik	e0b682e4b2	AvPlayer: fix Crash Bandicoot 4 intro playback and green video padding (#848 ) * AvPlayer: advance the shared audio-master clock after final audio frame * AvPlayer: initialize padded NV12 planes with neutral black --------- Co-authored-by: nmzik <Nmzik@mail.ru>	2026-09-26 20:39:46 +04:00
nmzik	16b83a034c	Shader: execute RDNA2 FP64 shadow arithmetic and log denorm limits Shader: disable FP64 denorm preservation controls for now	2026-09-26 15:15:35 +04:00
nmzik foufouadi frans fxpw Matthew Hurley	cf268af839	Shader: implement RDNA2 image atomic float maximum Shader: implement RDNA2 image atomic float minimum Co-authored-by: foufouadi <attar.foued@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: frans <francois.att@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: fxpw <fxpw@outlook.com> Co-authored-by: Matthew Hurley <171001439+theantipopau@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-09-26 15:15:35 +04:00